It is not for nothing that Germany strongly supports Russia. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

This has nothing to do with the Eight Poles of the Three Emperors Alliance, and the fundamental purpose is that Germany hopes that the Russians will advance eastward.

In the era when Bismarck presided over diplomacy, Germany basically rarely expanded outward, and was committed to maintaining the status of a great power on the mainland, and did not seek overseas expansion to conflict with Britain, because Bismarck saw it very accurately, once Germany and Britain stood on the opposite side, Germany's disaster would come.

Because of Germany's geographical position, Germany was destined to always have to face enemies on the mainland, and the hatred with France could not be resolved because of the Franco-Prussian War, so as long as Germany had a conflict with Britain, France would inevitably form an alliance with Britain.

Germany does not want to see a conflict with a third country break out and confront the Russians at the same time, so while wooing Russia, signing a treaty of the Three Emperors Alliance intended to maintain peace in Central Europe, Germany and Russia have carved up Poland, the territory of the two countries is essentially adjacent, as long as Russia develops westward, Germany will inevitably bear the brunt, so unless Russia develops in other directions, Germany will inevitably go to war with Russia.

Therefore, after Bismarck unified Germany, he always firmly supported Russia's expansion into Central Asia and the Far East, so that Russia had fierce contradictions with Britain in Central Asia, and later broke out with the Japanese in the Far East.

Not to mention supporting Russian expansion, Bismarck even supported France's outward expansion, in order to make up for France's dissatisfaction with Germany after losing Alsace and Lorraine, he supported the demands of the French many times in colonial expansion, but unfortunately Bismarck's means were clever, it was impossible to resolve Franco-German grievances, whether Germany ceded French territory or not, whether or not to extract French reparations, the two countries could not be at peace, because the proud French could not accept this humiliation.

After the Franco-Prussian War, stimulated by the patriotism of the French, they raised 5 billion francs for the government within three years, so that the reparations that were originally stipulated to be paid off in 39 years were completed in only three years.

After the First Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese, who received 200 million taels of silver indemnity from the Qing government, once said that they did not know how to spend the money, in fact, the Germans also had a feeling of nouveau riche who did not know how to spend money.

Only a few years have passed since this money, and a large amount of money is still lying in the accounts of the German government, and I don't know where it will be spent, so it is more than enough to support the Russians in building a railway.

Diplomatically, there is a goal to support Russia's expansion, there is a financial ability to help Russia build roads, and economically, Germany also has the motivation to help Russia build railways, because Germany is still in a deep economic crisis.

From the outbreak of the economic crisis that affected the whole world in 1873, even the Ming Dynasty felt the cold winter, and Germany and the United States were the center of this cold snap, the most serious financial crisis of this century, the most seriously damaged was the United States and Germany, the United States needless to say, the railway-based speculation was too violent.

Germany is also suffering from a serious overproduction due to too much investment.

Because of the war windfall, but not knowing where to spend it, Germany, under the rule of militarist ideology, vigorously promoted the development of heavy industry. After Germany defeated France in 1871, the German government used 5 billion francs in gold indemnity to establish a stable gold standard system throughout Germany, and also invested heavily in heavy industry, adopted the most advanced technology, increased industrial concentration, and rapidly increased Germany's industrial strength. In 1873, coal production reached 27.26 million tons, ranking third in the world, after the United States and Britain. The Ruhr area became the center of Germany's steel industry, manufacturing and munitions industry, and the steel industry became the most important industry in Germany.

After the outbreak of the economic crisis, these blind investments of the German government were immediately hit hardest. Heavy industry has collectively declined, and pig iron production has declined for three consecutive years. From a peak of 2.24 million tonnes before the crisis, to 1.85 million tonnes in 1876, production did not reach or exceed pre-crisis levels until the end of the 70s. Large factories such as Krupp laid off a third to a quarter of their workers, and historically, until 1879 and 1880, the operating rate of German lathes was only 30%.

A serious economic crisis, excess production capacity, a large number of unemployed workers, are telling the German government that "Germany needs a market"!

Bismarck, who was unwilling to fight for colonies through military expansion, could only expand the market for German enterprises by other means, and Russia, a country with backward heavy industry, huge land, and a large population, was obviously the best market, and it was the best choice to sign a large number of trade treaties with Russia and make a large amount of investment.

As for the railway, it was in this case that it began to support the construction of the Russian railway, with loans from Germany and technicians from Germany, on only one condition, that is, it was necessary to purchase German rails and railway locomotives, telegraph lines and telegraph equipment, and so on.

Supporting Russia in building this railway, diplomatically turning the direction of Russian expansion to China in the East, financially finding an investment channel for war reparations, and economically seeking a market for German enterprises, these three favorable conditions made it impossible for Germany to refuse loans and other support for Russia to build the railway, and it was almost an instant hit.

Germany is pushing the trouble for its own safety, then France can't let them do it, he has to draw Russia's eyes back to Europe from other directions, which is in the interests of Britain, and they need Russia to withdraw its attention from other directions, so that Russia does not want to fight India with Britain after occupying Central Asia, and do not want them to control Tianjin and fight for the Yangtze River with Britain.

Germany led the Russian scourge to the east, Britain and France naturally felt the threat, but the greatest feeling was the Ming Dynasty, so the Ming Dynasty actively responded to the British and French suggestions, and the three countries quickly reached a unanimous attitude on the issue of Russia's southward movement, and they must not accept that Russia seeks other interests other than commercial interests, otherwise the three countries will unite and make every effort to obstruct Russia.

The political geography is so wonderful, the push of a country far away in the west of Eurasia has made the eastern part of the continent feel strong pressure, Germany just wants to resolve its own pressure, but it makes Daming feel the huge pressure,

Another protagonist Russia, casually move, can make all forces feel the pressure, this polar bear's world influence really can not be underestimated, so some historians believe that the history of the nineteenth century is not written by Britain and France, nor between Britain and Germany, but the epitome of Russia and Britain in the world hegemony, and this struggle for hegemony did not start from the Crimean War, but from the moment Peter the Great set his eyes on the ocean, it has begun.