Section 153 All Guangdong
Zhou Lang launched a general attack only after completing the control of the surrounding areas of Guangzhou City.
The attack began from two sides, all the way from the north of the city, condescending from Yuexiu Mountain, and all the way from the south of the city to the north, and the attack was carried out by water support.
Because Zhou Lang's troops were much stronger than Colin at that time, and his firepower was much stronger, the north and south achieved results at the same time.
The city of Guangzhou is divided into the south and the north, the north is the old city, the south is the new city, the north city and the second and third armies broke through, the south city is the first army to follow, the sixth and seventh armies attack from the south, and finally the old city and the new city are occupied almost at the same time.
Only in the west of the city did not carry out major military operations, and the Eighth Army sent there was mainly to protect the prosperous Xiguan, the wealth of the wealthy merchants of Guangzhou, but these rich merchants did not live in their big houses now, and most of them fled, leaving at most one or two servants to look after the house.
During this period, a large number of Qing soldiers surrendered, and they could not escape if they fled, they were surrounded on all sides, and all the communication arteries were occupied, and they either fought to the death or surrendered.
The most enthusiastic surrender was the Minzhuang composed of urban residents, almost all of whom were surrendered, followed by the Xiangyong composed of residents outside the city, these Xiangyong around Guangzhou, such as the Xiangyong in the Sanyuanli area, their hometowns were occupied, and they did not have the consciousness of sacrificing for the city of Guangzhou.
It is not strange that the Green Battalion soldiers surrendered, but it is strange that there are still a large number of Eight Banner soldiers who surrender.
Zhou Lang felt that it was necessary to figure out the psychological state of these banner people, because this country was nominally the country of the flag people, and they all began to surrender, which seemed to explain something. If the bannermen in Guangzhou can surrender, then in the future, when they encounter a place where the Eight Banners are garrisoned, I am afraid that they can learn from their experience when they capture it.
After Zhou Lang personally talked with some banner people and surrendered troops, he found that the flag people in Guangzhou were particularly seriously assimilated. The Eight Banners of the Guangzhou Garrison were established by the three thousand Han Eight Banners sent by Kangxi after the pacification of the Three Feudatories. By the twenty-first year of Qianlong (1756), the people of the Eight Banners had grown several times, and the population of the Eight Banners of Manchuria in Beijing was too large and the number of soldiers was limited to be settled.
Qianlong began to reduce the number of troops in the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty, "reducing half of the Han army stationed in Guangzhou, and sending 1,500 Manchurian soldiers from Beijing and Tianjin to Guangdong to garrison them", dismantling half of the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty, and giving up the number of troops to the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty.
These abolished Han Eight Banners forced them to leave their nationality and go out of the flag for the people, from the identity of the flag people to the people, that is, ordinary people. This has caused a problem, these more than 1,000 Han and Eight Banner families, they are inextricably linked with the Eight Banners left in the banner, and their relatives are everywhere. And they intermarry with each other.
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the principle of non-intermarriage between the banner and the people was broken here, and then gradually spread, not only those Han Eight Banner families who had left the flag intermarried with the locals, but also other Eight Banner soldiers began to intermarry with the locals. The assimilation of the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty is serious, and it is no different from the people of Guangzhou. Not to mention the Han Eight Banners, the assimilation of the Manchurian Eight Banners is also very powerful, mainly cultural assimilation, Qianlong has repeatedly issued an edict to reprimand the Guangzhou Eight Banners, saying that they will not speak Qing (Beijing dialect is not Manchu, Manchu Beijing Banner people can speak very few).
Due to the widespread intermarriage, Qianlong also acquiesced to the status quo, and even in the 60th year of Qianlong, it was announced that "those who marry the daughters of the people in the garrison will be rewarded according to the number of silver rewards for red affairs in each place".
Because there are a large number of Han Eight Banners that have taken off their flags, it is equivalent to integrating with the locals, and with them as a link, the connection between the Han Eight Banners and the local people is also very close. At the same time, their troops were taken away by the Eight Banners, if they don't hold grudges, they can only dare not be jealous, once they have the opportunity, it is good not to retaliate. Since the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty were stationed in Guangzhou during the Kangxi period, their population grew more than that of the Manchurians, and the number of soldiers was not enough, and half of them were taken away. The Eight Banners of Manchuria came from Beijing and did not adapt to the environment for a long time, and as a result, the number of Manchurian soldiers was empty for a long time, and the Han Army Bannermen were becoming more and more numerous, and there were many soldiers and few soldiers, which was a contradiction.
In addition, there were many other aspects of the preferential treatment of the Manchus and the restrictions on the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty, which created a large number of contradictions, which were not visible in the period of peace and prosperity, and once they were subjected to drastic changes, the contradictions became cracks, and they would soon be torn apart.
After Zhou Lang's army entered Guangzhou, after a large number of cities surrendered bravely, many of them were from the Han Eight Banners in the past, or the people who had a relationship with the soldiers of the Han Eight Banners, they enthusiastically went to win over the soldiers of the Han Eight Banners, and the Han Eight Banners also surrendered, only the Eight Banners of Manchuria insisted to the end, but unfortunately they could only be suppressed. In the end, after the occupation of the banner camp, there was even a situation where the soldiers of the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty plundered the families of the officers and ordinary soldiers of the Eight Banners.
The Qing army in Guangzhou was completely annihilated, 50,000 voluntarily surrendered, 20,000 were wounded and captured, and only 10,000 were killed. Zhou Lang also suffered 1,000 casualties, and it seems that surrounding the enemy on all sides is indeed not a very correct principle of war. But if these soldiers were allowed to escape, most of them would eventually fall into the grass, and even if they did not set fire to the peasant uprising, it would be too time-consuming and laborious to exterminate them.
After taking Guangzhou, the overall situation of Guangdong has been decided.
Zhou Lang sat in Guangzhou and ordered the army to attack from all sides. Recruited Wang Fuqian from Fujian, he needs to soothe the people.
The attack began in September, Guangzhou was taken in October, and all the prefectures and counties in Guangdong were under Zhou Lang's control in November, so that the local regimental training could not come to the rescue, and most of the regimental training did not want to participate in the war. There were only about ten landlords in the province, joined the ranks of the Qing army against Zhou Lang, and after being defeated, they carried out fierce revenge, the landlords' homes were raided, and the land, houses and assets were all confiscated, but their families were still civilized, and they did not sell their female dependents like the Manchu Qing Dynasty.
After occupying Guangdong, it is time to appease the people, Zhou Lang can only accept the chaos for about a year at most, he can't afford to delay time, he needs this place in Guangdong, to provide him with material support as soon as possible. This requires Wang Fuqian to do a lot of work, unite local forces, stabilize the local area, and so on.
In terms of military operations, Zhao Wen tentatively entered Guangxi, and as a result, he easily occupied Wuzhou Mansion. If we say that Chaoshan and Fujian are connected, and Guangxi and Guangdong are also connected, this is not a regulation that is considered to be a rule, but the trend of mountains and rivers is determined by natural geographical factors, and Guangxi and Guangdong are the same water system, which must be considered militarily, and this will make military operations more convenient.
This unity of terrain cannot but be a key factor in military operations, and if you do not take advantage of this unity, your enemies will take advantage of it.
Zhou Lang decided to take a break, and at the same time, the army will also make some adjustments.
Following Zhao Wen's 20,000 troops from the Wuyi region into Guangxi, Zhou Lang decided to formally recruit them, and if they wanted to, their leader would become an officer.
There is no doubt about it, without a name, everyone has fought from their hometown to Guangxi, they are all group training, and their landlords have no purpose to work so hard, isn't it for the sake of becoming officials.
In this way, Zhao Wen had the strength of three armies in his hands.
These three armies were all composed of Hakka people, and during this time, Zhou Lang recognized their ability to fight in the mountains, and Guangxi was also very mountainous, which was where they played to their advantages.
Since Zhao Wen began to command the three armies to fight, Zhou Lang also decided to adjust the army establishment, the largest formation in the past was the army, the standard strength of 10,000 people, now it is expanding a corps, composed of three armies, the corps commander is called the general soldier, Zhao Wen became the first general soldier.
Zhou Lang really intends to promote Zhao Wen, after all, Zhao Wen once betrayed, and then took refuge, there is always a knot in his heart, since Zhou Lang wants to use him, he can't let him have a knot, if he doesn't worry about him, he won't use him.
As for whether his promotion will cause dissatisfaction among other officers, yes, yes, yes, but it is understandable, after all, it was Zhao Wen who took the land to Chengcheng and dedicated the land of Chaoshan, which is also an example for the outside world, telling the world's heroes that they will be rewarded for accepting land and surrendering to Chengcheng.
There are also these Hakka people's words, other officers can't understand them very well, and it is more convenient for Zhao Wen, a Hakka, to command them.
There are also other considerations for recruiting this group of Hakka soldiers into the army, such as balancing local forces.
The Hakka people are numerous in the Wuyi area, although they do not account for half, but they are about the same. In the past, they always suffered losses in the struggle with the local natives (Cantonese Han people), mostly because they were latecomers, and the local people occupied land resources, and they either opened up mountains and reclaimed famine, or did hard labor for others, so the Hakka people were generally poor in economic strength, on the other hand, the government generally favored the local people, because the local people were the dominant force, and the local reading class was mainly from the local people, so they had more influence on the government.
However, due to the long-term struggle with the harsh environment, the Hakka people have developed some unique habits, such as their women do not bind their feet, because they need to walk the mountain road, and the woman who binds the feet is naturally impossible to walk the mountain road, so they have not developed, or have not accepted the tradition of foot binding from the natives; Another habit is that they are very accustomed to climbing mountain roads, which allows them to play an important role in Guangxi.
One of the most important habits is the long-term struggle with the superior locals, which makes the Hakka people more united and brave. Hong Xiuquan's uprising was caused by such a group of Hakka people.
Because they are originally braver than the local natives, they all hold group training, head-on conflicts, and the same number of local group training often can't beat them. Now these Hakka regiments are training, and they have received Zhao Wen's formal training and large-scale battles with the Qing army, so that these people can return to the countryside, and let him resume his identity as a group training, it is difficult to ensure that they will not practice civil war with the local local people's regiments if they have accumulated grievances.
During the Xianfeng period in history, the history of more than ten years of Tuke armed fights, killing and injuring millions of people, Zhou Lang is not clear, but it does not prevent him from predicting this situation now.
Therefore, for the purpose of the balance of local forces, when Zhou Lang was still unable to fully control Guangdong, it was better not to let the Hakka people go back to destroy the local balance.
In addition to the military, Zhou Lang was also deeply involved in civil affairs, but he was not in the same direction as Wang Fuqian, who tended to be between the local and rural areas, and Zhou Lang focused on urban commerce.
What Zhou Lang had to do was to restore Canton, which was actually the commercial trade of Canton, as soon as possible, and he invited all the constituent elements of the Canton trade to the governor's camp where he temporarily lived.
Whether it was European retail merchants, chartered monopolies such as the British and Dutch East India Company, and thirteen merchants, they all came together to discuss a new trade policy, with the aim of reviving and expanding trade.