"Li Zhongzheng is going to Qingyuan Academy to learn from him? When? ”

"It's tomorrow morning!"

"You can't miss that. I don't know what new remarks he has this time. I'm going to get a seat early tomorrow. ”

"What tomorrow? I've heard that a lot of people are going there, and some of them are already living in Qingyuan Academy. Wait until tomorrow to go out of the city, but I'm afraid that I won't even be able to squeeze in. If my brother wants to listen, he will go out of the city to live before dark, and it is only right to go to Qingyuan Academy early tomorrow to line up. It's getting late, and I'm going to go out of town to find a place to stay. Farewell. ”

"Hey, wait. So let me go out of the city with you. Just be a companion. ”

Qingyuan Academy posted large posters all over the capital, and the news that Li Buqi was going to give lectures at the academy spread at once. When Li Buqi and Shao Yong came to the newly built rugby field of the academy in the morning, the field was already full of people, except for the stands, the stadium was occupied by people sitting on the ground.

Shao Yong smiled: "Everyone wants to see Zhongzheng's demeanor." Many people lined up in front of the academy before dawn, just to get a place. There are also a lot of people from the country. ”

Li Buqi smiled when he heard this. Shao Yong said: "Presumably, today I can see the demeanor of the righteous tongue and the Confucianism." ”

The wall of the rostrum of the rugby stadium is very distinctive, both horizontally and vertically curved, and there are more than ten large tanks embedded in the wall, which plays a resonant role. Therefore, when speaking from the rostrum, you don't have to shout at the top of your voice to be heard by the whole audience.

Shao Yong first took the stage to speak, calling on everyone to mourn in silence for the students and people who sacrificed their lives for the country in Hebei, and then announced that Qingyuan Academy would build an ancestral hall to commemorate the students who did not do anything for the king and made special achievements in learning and technology, and then he invited Li Buqi to take the stage.

Li Buqi cleared his throat and said in a deep voice: "I had some ideas on the way back to Beijing a few days ago, and I have sorted them out in the past few days and discussed them with you. The title of my speech today is 'A gentleman who wants to govern the country must be pragmatic and skillful'! ”

Everyone in the room was stunned. Sure enough, as Li Buqi expected, a gorgeously dressed young man under the rostrum stood up and asked loudly: "Mencius said, 'Governing the country with righteousness, why bother with profit'!" The gentleman of the world said: A gentleman does not say profit! Is Li Daguan trying to be different? ”

Li Buqi smiled and said, "Your question, I will answer it later." After I finish speaking, there will be a special time for questions, and if you have any questions, can you ask them again at that time? ”

Li Buqi saw the scholar sitting down in the white eyes of the people around him, but his eyes flashed. Because he saw that the scholar was a middle-aged man behind him, it seemed to be Sima Guang! It seems that there will be a tough battle to be fought today.

He cleared his throat again and continued: "Why do you say that governing the country should be based on profit? Because man lives for profit! The kingdom is profitable! What is Leigh? The grain produced by the farmer is profitable, the cloth, houses, tools, musical instruments, and books made by the workers are profitable, the spoils of war obtained by the warriors are also profitable, and the splendid articles that are pleasing to the mood are also profitable. Imagine that if there is no food and cloth, how can people survive, how can they support officials to govern the people, and how can they feed the army to resist foreign aggression? If there are no books and articles, how can culture be passed on? If there is no profit, then people will not exist, and the country will not be a country. ”

"Profit is the foundation of the existence of the world, and the saint never shy away from it. The Master said, 'Do not suffer from few, but suffer from inequality.'" This injustice naturally refers to profit. "University" says that "there is a way to make money, there are many people who live, there are few people who eat, those who are sick for it, and those who use it are comfortable, then the wealth is enough". Wealth is just a form of profit......"

"In my opinion, the brother just now understood the phrase 'a gentleman does not speak for profit'. It's not that a gentleman doesn't talk about profit, but he can't be mercenary, and he doesn't fight for his own interests. ”

"Is there anyone in the world who is not born for the benefit of the world? In my opinion no. When people live, they must always eat and wear, that is, a spoonful of food and a scoop of drink, which is also rentier. If people can't live without rentier all the time, why can't they talk about profit? It would be unfair to the majority of people if only those who speak their own words are worthy of being called gentlemen. It is necessary to know that people in high positions eat the benefits of the world, and they can speak for themselves. Even the mouth does not have to say profit, but someone himself makes profit for him. But people in the world are in high positions and few people, and most people have to speak for profit in order to survive. If a man who does not speak his word is a gentleman, then only the rich and those in high positions can always be called a gentleman, and those who are from poor backgrounds will not even have this qualification......"

There are many scholars from ordinary families, and many people may have been touched when they heard Li Buqi's words, and they applauded.

When the applause stopped, Li Buqi said: "Let's study how the benefits of the world are generated." Profit is naturally produced through human labor. If there is no human labor, even if the fertile fields are placed there for thousands of miles, it will not produce half a cent of benefit to people. This issue has been discussed by many sages in recent years, so I won't say much about it here. Today, however, we need to analyze the necessary conditions for making profits. ”

"Can a man earn a profit just by working? If there are no forests, land, and minerals, how can people work? Therefore, in order to make profits, there must be mountains, forests, land, and mineral deposits, which I call the means of labor or resources. How do people use labor materials? It is necessary to use tools such as knives, axes, hoes, and sickles, and the human hand is the simplest and most basic tool, but now that we have developed better and more tools, the role of the hand is not so obvious........."

"Since people survive with profit, then let the world produce more profits, then the people's hearts will be stable, the world will be safe, and the world will have less profits, which is not enough to support the people of the world, then the world will be chaotic. Therefore, those who want to stabilize the country must not fail to investigate the policy of profit. How to make the world more profitable? Let's break it down one by one. ”

"First of all, let's look at the appropriation of the means of labour. At the end of the troubled times, the population withered, and when the dynasty was established, we assumed that each household could have an average of 100 acres of land and forests, and assumed that 50 acres could be cultivated with the strength of ordinary households, so that everyone could do their best to produce, and those who had spare power could also cultivate more land, so the world made more profits, and the relative rentier people were few, and the world was rich. However, if each household can only have an average of 30 acres of land and forests today, and ordinary households can still cultivate 50 acres, then the profits of the world have not increased, but there are many more rentier people, and the world will inevitably fall into difficulties. At the same time, each family has a labor force that can cultivate more than ten acres of land, which is wasted. ”

"In this way, if we want to balance the benefits of the world with the profits of the world, we must find ways to provide the people with sufficient land and other resources."

"Assuming that all kinds of resources are sufficient, how can we increase the benefits of the world? Here I would like to mention a term - 'efficiency'. What is Efficiency? It is the ratio of the benefits of output to the input of manpower and material resources......"

Li does not give up talking eloquently, analyzing the social division of labor is the inevitable way to improve production efficiency, and the improvement of technology and labor tools is the main means of improving production efficiency. From this, it is further deduced that the distinction between mental work, manual labor, and civil and military work is just a social division of labor, and in the past, it was considered that the technique of ingenuity was more important than poetry and poetry. Of course, there must be an exchange if there is a division of labor, and he pointed out that business is indispensable in today's society.

"Due to the social division of labor, people have to form a collective in order to complete complex productive labor! The sum of this collective is the nation! The state should not simply consume the people's taxes, but also provide the people with security, law, and order, so that the people can concentrate on production and stable exchange, provide roads and canals to make exchanges more convenient, organize the people to complete projects such as irrigation ditches that cannot be carried out by a single person to improve production efficiency, and use the wealth taken from the people to improve the productive capacity of the people in areas such as education and improvement of technology, which cannot be accomplished by a single person...... When this is done, a country can survive for a long time......"

"The country has to do so much, how can it be done well? There are a lot of things, what to do, how to do it, I can't figure it out by relying on utopian dreams in the study, it all depends on pragmatic ......"

"It's a pity that there are many people in the court who are used to retreating, and they don't seem to be living in today's world, and they must be called the Three Emperors but don't know today's things. Don't you know that the world of the Three Emperors is a small country with few people, and the heads of Qiantou are all chieftains and nobles, but now the Great Song Dynasty is a big country with thousands of miles of places, and the people rely on the imperial court, how can it be compared with the world of the Three Emperors? ”