Jin Li is the Han Army's Eight Banners Gushan Ezhen, and there is also a force under his command that is good at using firearms, named Wuzhen Chaoha, which translates into Chinese as "heavy soldiers", equipped with a large number of artillery and birds, plus more than 38,000 elite green battalions transferred from Henan, Shandong, and Shanxi, and nearly 100,000 Qing troops and auxiliaries who went south. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

Because of the early surrender of the Manchu Dynasty, the Sanshun King Yishun Gong was deeply trusted by the Qing court, and had his own territory, population and army, and later the Manchu Qing reformed the Eight Banners system, and their population and army were hung under the Han army flag, but they were not under the jurisdiction of the banner owner.

Before the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the troops under the command of Sanshun Wang Yishun Gong were only more than 10,000 soldiers, Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming's troops were called Tianyou soldiers, and Shang Kexi and Shen Zhixiang's troops were called Tianzhu soldiers.

Their subordinates are mainly firearms troops, with hundreds of red-coated cannons, thousands of copper cannons of various calibers, the best at attacking strong cities and hard villages, when Shi Kefa held Yangzhou, it was Kong Youde's cannon to open the city wall and quickly break the city.

In the two years after entering the customs, Kong Youde and others fought with the Eight Banners in the south and the north, looting a large number of people, and the strength of the army expanded rapidly, and a large number of auxiliary soldiers were needed to control the artillery.

This time, they brought all the troops and their families, and all kinds of belongings were also available, and they brought them very completely, from the northeast Laochao to Huguang, and carried out a big move of tens of thousands of miles, and they had no intention of going back at all.

Fortunately, Kong Youde's troops have an Achilles' heel, that is, they are slow to mobilize and have very high requirements for logistical support. The weight of a six-pounder cannon is about 700 kilograms, Kong Youde and other Sanshun kings have thousands of cannons, in this era of transportation conditions, he set off from Liaodong Laowo, walking slower than a turtle, less than half a year to reach Huguang.

Half a year is not long, it is not short, it is enough for Zhu Youlang to prepare, and Huguang at this time is in chaos.

A year ago, because He Tengjiao and Zhang Kuang did not attack Wuchang from Yuezhou to the north as originally planned, and held the Yangtze River channel around Chenglingji, the Qing army Lekedehun went straight to Jingzhou as if it were no one. Du Yinxi, Li Guo and others thought that the army under the command of He Tengjiao in the Yuezhou area would not have any worries about the east, and their attention was all focused on Jingzhou, but they were attacked by the main force of the Qing army, and they were defeated, and the battle of Hubei ended in a fiasco.

The loyal battalion, which was adapted from the Dashun Army, lost the first battle and was forced to retreat into the barren mountainous area at the junction of Sichuan and Hubei.

He Tengjiao and Zhang Kuang fled all the way to the south, and finally even lost Yuezhou, the gateway to Hunan.

Half a year ago, He Tengjiao was ashamed of the snow, reorganized the soldiers and horses, intended to restore Yuezhou, and entered Wuhan. Unexpectedly, when he arrived near Yuezhou, the Qing guard general Ma Jiaolin only sent hundreds of cavalry to fight, and defeated the Ming army at Wanyou Bridge, and Zhang Kuang abandoned his division and fled. The tragedy of Jingzhou's defeat was repeated.

After that, He Tengjiao and Zhang Kuang retreated in Hunan, and they didn't dare to peep north.

He Tengjiao ran Huguang, once known as the thirteen towns, namely Huang Chaoxuan, Zhang Xianbi, Liu Chengyin, Li Chixin, Hao Yongzhong, Yuan Zongdi, Wang Jincai, Dong Ying, Cao Zhijian, Ma Jinzhong, Ma Shixiu, Wang Yuncheng, Lu Ding, and later Zhao Yinxuan, Hu Yiqing's Dian army. Li Chixin, Hao Yongzhong, Yuan Zongdi, Wang Jincai, etc. are the remnants of the Chuang Army, Dong Ying and others are the Chinese army promoted by He Tengjiao, and Zhang Xianbi, Zhao Yinxuan, and Hu Yiqing are all Yunnan troops from Yunnan.

Claimed to be an army of 300,000. He also promoted a number of his cronies to serve as chief soldiers, prefects, and other posts, and there were many soldiers, and the military discipline existed in name only, so that all towns were like bandits who occupied the mountains as kings, burning, killing, and plundering everywhere, and the people were not able to make a living.

Moreover, the taxes are extremely heavy, and the taxes received are mainly to pay military salaries, and the total number of Ming troops in Changsha, Baoqing, and Chenzhou in Hunan is more than 300,000, and they need several million taels of silver every year, while Hunan's annual financial revenue is only a few hundred thousand taels, which is far from enough.

In order to solve this problem, He Tengjiao levied "free wages", increased taxes and taxes, increased the tax per mu by more than five times compared with the original amount, and ate grain to collect next year's taxes in advance.

Such wanton expropriation and extortion, coupled with the fact that corrupt officials and corrupt officials are fishing in troubled waters, have exceeded the limit that the common people can bear, because the collection of "righteous salaries" has repeatedly caused the destruction of families, ordinary tenants and self-cultivated households have sold their children and daughters, fled and left Hunan, and small and medium-sized landlords have also had to sell their fields, and their family property has shrunk sharply.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, landlords used "field bones" and "field skins" to divide the ownership and cultivation rights of land, and under normal circumstances, the increased land rent tax would be passed on to the "field skins", that is, the tenants and self-cultivators who farmed the fields, and had little impact on the landlords and gentry.

However, due to the fact that He Tengjiao increased the land rent tax too much, causing a large number of tenants and self-cultivators to go bankrupt and flee, the landlords and gentry could not find a target to pass on, and they also suffered great losses, so they were extremely dissatisfied with He Tengjiao.

This created a vicious circle, after a large number of tenants and self-cultivators fled, the Hunan government could not receive enough money and food, so it had to deduct the arrears of military salaries for the troops, and let Liu Chengyin, Huang Chaoxuan, and other warlords "eat" in the garrison, that is, find their own way. These warlords plundered and plundered by force, and robbed the gentry of money and grain.

The contemporaries recorded: "He Tengjiao was ordered to be cheap, and suddenly increased the levy of charity salaries, and also levy a one-year land tax in advance, which is more than six times per mu. If it is insufficient, the case of paying officials and salaries, the county magistrates all take the salary as the advance and retreat; If it is insufficient, it will recruit traitors to inform, punish the rich, and pay the court, Xianbi, and Chengyin. The Hunan folk exhibition spread, and more than half of the deaths occurred. ”

Under these circumstances, the social contradictions in Hunan intensified sharply, the common people were dissatisfied with the government, the gentry and landlords were also dissatisfied with the government, thieves were everywhere, bandits were rampant, and it evolved into a jungle society in which the weak and the strong eat the strong, and the Ming government had lost the support of the people among the people.

Faced with this scene, He Tengjiao didn't know how to improve, and he was confused all day long, and he got by. Those who win the hearts of the people win the world, when the Qing army Sanshun Wang Yishun Gong and other departments were about to go south, the Hunan government lost the support of the people and gentry, and it was defeated without a fight.