The next step in this book is to write about a very important historical figure, that is, the "pit god" He Tengjiao, who is known as the 'Nanming Optimus Prime', how much pit does he have, the author can't help but summarize a few points for you to see, so that you can see what it means to be the strongest pig teammate in history. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

The first point: In June of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), the Manchu general Azig learned of Li Zicheng's death and thought that he had completed his work and led the army back to Beijing for summer vacation. Only appointed Mei Lezhang Jing Tong Yanghe as the "Governor of the Eight Provinces Military Gate" to lead a small number of troops to garrison Wuchang, and the Qing troops stationed in various parts of Hubei were mainly traitors to the original Ming army and the Dashun army who had just surrendered, and the strength was very limited. At this time, Tong Yanghe, the governor of Huguang in Wuchang, was in a very similar situation to He Tengjiao, the governor of Huguang in Nanming, in Changsha, and did not have much strength. However, Tong Yanghe was obviously more practical than He Tengjiao, and immediately after his arrival, he sent envoys to appease the civil and military generals of the Ming Dynasty and the remnants of the Dashun army, and entrusted them with important tasks, striving to stabilize and expand their own territory. In contrast, He Tengjiao was short-sighted and could not see that after the fall of the Hongguang Imperial Court******** it had risen to become the main contradiction at present. After being forced to unite with the Dashun army, he was still hostile to these peasant armies whose combat effectiveness was much stronger than that of the Southern Ming army, so he not only did not use the territory and material resources of Hunan Province to give the Dashun army a full opportunity to rest and replenish, and then relied on this army to recover Hubei and other regions, but instead divided and squeezed out the Dashun army, such as co-opting and buying Hao Shaoqi, Wang Jincai, who had a lower status in the Dashun army on the East Road, and suppressed Li Guo.

At that time, after Du Yinxi reached an agreement with Li Jin and other generals of the Dashun Army to jointly resist the Qing Dynasty, he saw the emptiness of the Manchu Qing Dynasty's power in Hubei, so he decided to lose no time in launching a campaign to restore Hubei. He suggested that He Tengjiao and Zhang Kuang should lead the troops from Yuezhou to the north, and he would first capture Jingzhou with the loyal battalion, and then lead the troops east to join the Ming army of He and Zhang to join Wuchang. In this battle, which was of critical significance to the situation in Huguang, the mediocrity and incompetence of He Tengjiao and Dao Zhangkuang of the prison army were vividly displayed. Li Guogao Yigong and other East Road Dashun Army united with the Southern Ming Dynasty and renamed the Loyal Battalion, stationed in the Jingzhou area, at this time under the leadership of the plug Yinxi concentrated on the fierce siege of the city, although the Jingzhou city was strong, but due to the lack of troops, the Manchu defenders have been unable to support, repeatedly to the Huguang Governor Tong Yang and emergency call for help. Tong Yanghe had no troops to send, and he was worried that He Tengjiao's troops would attack Wuchang from Yuezhou to the north, so he asked for help from the Manchu Pingnan general Le Kedehun stationed in Nanjing. Luckedhun arrived in Wuchang on the 10th day of the first month of 1646, and after listening to the local civil and military officials explain the movements of the Southern Ming army in Hunan and Hubei, he decided to send the commander of the escort army, Bo Erhui, to lead a group of troops south to Yuezhou to meet He Tengjiao and Zhang Kuang, who were the vanguard of Ma Jinzhong and Wang Yun; He led the main force to Jingzhou and fought a decisive battle with the loyal battalion. I have to say that the Eight Banners soldiers who had just entered the customs not long ago left a great psychological shadow on Li Zicheng and the Nanming army in several battles with Li Zicheng, and always thought that the Eight Banners were invincible, in fact, while killing many Dashun troops, the Eight Banners themselves also lost a lot, and they all died elite troops, at this time, the combat effectiveness of the Eight Banners had declined to a considerable extent compared with the first entry into the customs and the battle between Tongguan and Li Zicheng, but its combat effectiveness was still relatively strong, and it was not at all comparable to the Eight Banners after entering the customs ten years later. Therefore, the four towns of Ma Jinzhong, Wang Yuncai, Lu Ding, and Wang Jincai, who were stationed in Yuezhou, heard that the Eight Banners of Manchuria of the Qing Dynasty were attacking Yuezhou, and they fled south by boat regardless of the flood land. In fact, Bo Erhui led only a part of the Eight Banners soldiers from Nanjing, and their number was not large, Ma Jinzhong and others mistakenly thought that the Eight Banners Army of the Manchu Qing Dynasty was about to arrive, and they ran away from the camp. He Tengjiao and Zhang Kuang suddenly encountered the soldiers of the four towns fleeing south on the way, not only did they not find out the strength and combat intentions of the Qing side, and encouraged the soldiers to continue to march north, but they were also frightened by the false voice and retreated to Changsha in a panic. He Tengjiao also lied about the military situation, and the Ming army under his personal control collapsed without a fight, and the important town of Yuezhou was occupied by the Qing army, but he reported to the Longwu court that Jingzhou had been "restored" (at this time, when the loyal battalion led by the governor of Yinxi to storm Jingzhou, it was indeed about to conquer Jingzhou, if He Tengjiao could block the Manchu Eight Banners in Yuezhou for a period of time). As a result, the Qing army came to aid the Qing army and drove straight in, and the Luck Dehun army entered Shishou County, and found out that the main force of the loyal battalion was besieging Jingzhou, and the logistics were divided into the south of the Yangtze River. Li Guo and others did not know anything about the thousand-mile raid of Luck Dehun (it can be seen that the intelligence work of the Dashun army was particularly poor, and it can be said that there was basically no intelligence work), and still commanded the troops to attack the city; The Qing army rushed straight to the camp of the loyal camp in two ways, and Li Guo and others were caught off guard and were defeated and retreated westward. Jue Luo Lang's ball department also unexpectedly defeated the defenders of the Dashun army on the south bank and captured more than 1,000 ships. The next day, Luckedhun sent Fengguo's general Babutai and other troops to pursue the loyal battalion in Anyuan, Nanzhang, Xiangyang and other borders. Li Jin and other soldiers suffered heavy losses and were forced to retreat into the Three Gorges area. The prison army blocked Yinxi's horse and folded his arms, and retreated to the area of Changde, Hunan. The former Dashun regime Cihou Tian Jianxiu, Yihou Zhang Nai, Wuyang Bo****, and Taiping Bo Wu Ruyi led more than 5,000 people to surrender to the Qing army at Yilingkou. On the third day of the first month of April, after receiving the good news from Luckedhun, Dolgon ordered Tian Jianxiu, Zhang Nai, ****, Wu Ruyi and his subordinates to be killed. The main responsibility for the failure of this campaign to attack Hubei lies in the fact that He Tengjiao and Zhang Kuang did not attack Wuchang from Yuezhou to the north as originally planned, and held the Yangtze River channel in the Chenglingji area, causing the Qing Dynasty's Lucke Hun to go straight to Jingzhou as if it were no one; Not only that, even He Tengjiao himself retreated without a fight, and did not send someone in time to inform Li Guo and others that Yuezhou had been lost, so that Du Yinxi, Li Guo and others paid attention to the enemy situation behind when attacking Jingzhou, and as a result, Li Guo's loyal battalion was attacked by the main force of the Qing army and failed. He Tengjiao and Zhang Kuang thought they had a plan, and they and a group of Southern Ming warlords they had encircled only knew how to ravage the places in Hunan, and they got by, and even after Luck Dehun led the army back to Nanjing, they did nothing, and they did not even recover Yuezhou, an important town in Hunan Province, which made the situation in Nanming worsen day by day.

The second point: the conquest was tyrannical, He Tengjiao was treated sincerely by Longwu, and was soon promoted from the governor of Huguang to the military governor of Huguang and other seven provinces. Full authority to control the military and political affairs of Huguang. He completely controlled the administration of employment and the power of money and grain requisition and transfer throughout Hunan. There is no reason to do things without fail. After thinking about it, the first priority in the troubled times was naturally to grasp the army, so He Tengjiao in his two capable generals Zhang Kuang, Fu Shangrui and Zhang Luoxia, everywhere to collect the miscellaneous Ming troops from all over Hunan, such as Huang Chaoxuan, Liu Chengyin, Cao Zhijian, Zhang Xianbi and others. Helplessly, these people only know that they want officials to ask for money, endanger the locality, and receive benefits but do not come to flatter Lao He. Inspector He threw out the silver but couldn't hear a fart sound, and he couldn't help but feel some pain in his panic. At this time, Zhang Kuang, who originally advocated the co-optation of miscellaneous cards, saw that the situation was not good, and came to offer advice that it was better to establish a pro-army than to use money to support warlords. I have an armed waist, and I don't have to worry about it. He Inspector was amazed, so he changed the policy and established "supervising the standard" and "raising the standard". Hulala pulled up more than 30,000 people at once. He Tengjiao has just passed the addiction of "supporting ten thousand people in the prime of life". However, after the establishment of the army, Inspector He faced a new problem, he was born as a literati and had never dealt with the military in his life. In the face of "Sun Tzu's Art of War", "Tang Li Asks the Right Question" is okay, but there is no way to take these two or thirty thousand people, Zhang Kuang, Fu Shangrui and other generations often regard themselves as famous generals, and they have trained the "superintendents" into a rabble. In desperation, he has to comfort himself, claiming that he will be able to "win strongly" from now on. However, in order to support this army of more than 100,000 people who came out of thin air, the Hunan field tax was collected in advance until a year later, more than six times. As a result, the people of Hunan are poor and miserable. Wang Fuzhi recorded: "He Tengjiao was ordered to pay a lot of money, and he also levy a one-year land tax in advance, which is more than six times per mu. If it is insufficient, the case of paying officials and salaries, the county magistrates all take the salary as the advance and retreat; If it is insufficient, it will recruit traitors to inform, punish the rich, and pay the court, Xianbi, and Chengyin. The Hunan folk exhibition spread, and more than half of the deaths occurred. "Forced the hearts of the people of Huguang to the side of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, which was originally very unpopular.

The third point: provoking internal provocation lost the great opportunity for Li Chengdong to gain a foothold in the two lakes again after the 1648 eventually.

In the first month of 1648, Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren in Jiangxi and Li Chengdong in Guangdong in April of the same year were a major turning point for the Yongli court. Although in the end, because of the improper direction of Jin and Wang's use of troops and Li Chengdong's failure to rescue Jiangxi, the situation was reversed. However, as far as the entire revival of the Southern Ming Dynasty is concerned, the key lies in the Hunan battlefield. This is because: First of all, after Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren took Jiangxi as a countermeasure, the Manchu Qing Dynasty was afraid that the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River would be lost, so they hurriedly ordered Kong Youde, Geng Zhongming, and Shang Kexi traitors to lead the army to withdraw to Hanyang, Hubei, leaving only the general soldier Xu Yong to guard Changsha, the general soldier Ma Jiaolin to guard Chenzhou, and the general soldier Zhang Guozhu to guard Hengzhou, in addition, Guangxi governor Li Maozu and general soldier Yu Shizhong were stationed in the area from Quanzhou in Guangxi to Yongzhou in Hunan. Second, if the Yongli Dynasty could take advantage of the withdrawal of the main force of the Qing army from Hunan to recover the whole province in one fell swoop, it would strategically connect Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Guizhou, which would not only facilitate mutual support but also lay the foundation for further expanding the results of the war. Third, before Jin, Wang, Li and others carried out the anti-Qing and Ming restoration in Guangdong and Guangxi, Yongli monarchs and ministers were confined to some prefectures in Guangxi, and their prestige was greatly damaged. However, Nan Ming made mistakes again and again on the battlefield in Hunan, and the culprit was the supervisor He Tengjiao.

In April 1648, Gu Yinxi and Ma Jinzhong took advantage of the withdrawal of the soldiers and horses of Kong Youde and other three traitors from Hunan, and set out on the 18th in present-day Cili County and Dayong County in Hunan, and recovered Changde on the 24th. Chen Youlong, a general who once surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, also announced in Jingzhou that he would oppose the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty (Chen Youlong was originally Liu Chengyin's general, and when Liu Chengyin surrendered to the Qing Dynasty with Wugang, he was subject to the main general and was forced to surrender to the Qing). After that, his army besieged Jingzhou, and the governor of Guizhou sent troops out of the city to meet the defeated and fled to Baoqing, and then Chen Youlong sent troops into Liping Mansion in Guizhou to capture alive Song Yunti of Qingzhi County, Huitong County. Chen Youlong's troops conquered Wugang Prefecture, and Qing deputy generals He Yun and Zhizhou He Hengsi were killed. On the fifth day of August, Chen's army conquered Baoqing Mansion (Shaoyang). Just when the situation in Hunan was extremely favorable to Nanming, He Tengjiao, who had been responsible for losing almost the entire territory of Hunan and had been cowering in Guilin, Guangxi, was impatient to try in vain to steal the first credit for the "restoration of Hunan." He led Cao Zhijian, Lu Ding and other armies to follow the Qing army to attack Yongzhou, and Yu Shizhong and others blocked the city. Although He Tengjiao has many high-ranking soldiers, he is cowardly and incompetent, and he has been under the city of Yongzhou for a long time. He saw that the Yin and Xi tribes had recovered Changde, and Chen Youlong's troops had even conquered Jingzhou, Wugang, Baoqing and other places, and the great work of recovering Hunan was likely to fall into the hands of others, so he unscrupulously sabotaged it.

After Chen Youlong was anyway, he successively occupied Jingzhou, Liping, Wugang, Xinhua, and Baoqing, and echoed with the troops of Guyinxi and Ma Jinzhong in the Changde area, and had the potential to take Changsha in one fell swoop. In order to vent his personal anger (at that time, Chen Youlong was reluctant to surrender to the Manchu Qing Dynasty with the governor Liu Chengyin, and the Qing side, in order to make him follow him to death, deliberately ordered him to lead troops to attack He Tengjiao's hometown and captured He's family, because He Tengjiao hated Chen Youlong very much), and fought for the first success, he actually instructed Hao Yongzhong, Marquis of Nan'an, to lead his troops from Liuzhou to the north of Jingzhou to attack Chen Youlong's department. Hao Yongzhong, in the name of restoring Chenzhou through Jingzhou, suddenly launched an attack on Chen Youlong's troops; Chen Youlong never imagined that his rear defense would be copied by friendly forces, and the whole army was caught off guard, and he retreated to Guangxi in one go, and has been in a slump ever since. Chen Youlong's army was defeated in the civil war provoked by He Tengjiao, and not only was the plan to attack Changsha shattered, but Baoqing Mansion was also reoccupied by the Qing general Zhang Guozhu and the general Wei Shouyi. The Southern Ming army directed by He Tengjiao was on fire with each other, so that the Qing army in Hunan could breathe. After a long battle, the army commanded by He Tengjiao captured Yongzhou, and then occupied Baoqing again, delaying the time to recover Quanxiang and save Jiangxi Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren in the east, and the consequences were very serious.

The fourth point: Regardless of the overall situation, after He Tengjiao personally arranged such a good show in the same room, he happily thought that he had a plan, so he took the time to command the army to capture Yongzhou and occupy Baoqing. At the same time, he has won many victories, claiming to have made outstanding achievements, and overcoming Changsha is bound to be just around the corner. I didn't expect that the tiger in Xiangxi plug Yinxi can not understand the painstaking work of He Inspector, and even went to Kuidong to ask the loyal battalion Li Guo to lead the troops south to assist Changsha, Li Guo agreed, sent a large army to the south often, along the way like a bamboo, soon formed a siege of Changsha, although the city of Changsha is high and deep, but the Qing army defending the city is only more than 3,000 people, under the fierce attack of Li Guo personally supervised the soldiers day and night, the casualties were heavy, and the guard general Xu Yong was also shot down by Li Guo with an arrow when supervising the battle at the head of the city, and was seriously injured and did not wake up. Seeing that Changsha was about to break, Plug Yinxi also said proudly: Changsha has lost since "Governor (He Tengjiao)", and I am good for it. When He Tengjiao heard this, he was jealous, and he disregarded the overall situation, and used his identity as a supervisor to forcibly order Li Guo, who was about to break through Changsha, to be transferred to Jiangxi under the pretext of aiding Jin Shenghuan. This move was undoubtedly a life-saving blessing for the Qing army trapped in the besieged city, and for Nanming, the hard-won local advantage was once again lost like child's play.

He Tengjiao drove Li Guo away, thinking that Changsha was already in his pocket. He still re-practiced the old wisdom of Yongzhou and Baoqing, and slowly marched to Changsha along the way. There knew that the situation on the battlefield was changing rapidly, at this time the Qing army sent to aid Hunan was under the command of Prince Zheng Jierharang to pounce head-on, He Tengjiao has always lacked the ability to command the army, after the news came, the Southern Ming army under the control of He personally fled. When He Tengjiao was helpless, he had no choice but to go to the Yongli court and say, "Hunan is thousands of miles away, and once the cities of the previous restoration are abandoned, they will be impeached." In 1649, the Qing army did not encounter any resistance along the way and successfully arrived at the city of Xiangtan where He Tengjiao was stationed. He Tengjiao became the commander of the light pole and fell into the hands of the Qing army.

After He Tengjiao was captured, the Qing army repeatedly persuaded him to surrender, but he was sternly refused, and was finally killed next to the Xiangtan Liushui Bridge on the 27th of the first month. According to Wang Hui's "Record of the Separation of Idiots in Hunan Province", before He Tengjiao took office, "he only raised his hand and slapped the ground, shouting: 'It's a pity! 'Both palms are broken" He Tengjiao's so-called pity means, no one knows. is either to regret his repeated mistakes in the anti-Qing decision-making, or to feel guilty for his selfish selfishness and to death; Or it is regretting that he has ruined the overall situation because of his own partiality, or he sighs that the good situation has failed. The Hereafter will not be able to speculate. However, the remorse in his heart was obvious. He Tengjiao has always taken it as his responsibility to rejuvenate the king and help the world, but when he was in danger, he made mistakes again and again, resulting in the overall situation being corrupted. In the history of the Southern Ming Dynasty, he, like Shi Kefa, is known for his unyielding integrity on the verge of death, and is still admired and praised by people today, but in He Tengjiao's heart, I am afraid that he only has deep regret left.

The author concludes: Many history books have trumpeted He Tengjiao and Shi Kefa, saying that they are the pillars of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and He Tengjiao, who is jealous of the virtuous and jealous, misleading the country and the people, has always been admired as a righteous man and a gentleman, and is described as the pillar of optimus that supports the Nanming regime. In fact, it was the ignorance of these people that caused Nanming to lose great opportunities many times. Although He Tengjiao, Shi Kefa and others refused to surrender after being captured, they were not qualified at all as high-level officials in the political circles of the Southern Ming Dynasty. In fact, Nanming's real vision was Plug Yinxi, and it was this person who began to promote the union of Nanming and the peasant army, thus enabling the Nanming regime to last for more than 20 years. Although the first cooperation between Nanming and the Peasant Army was He Tengjiao and Du Yinxi, who together promoted the alliance with Li Zicheng's nephew Li Guo. However, the starting point of the two was different, He Tengjiao advocated resisting the Qing Dynasty, but he had a deep hostility towards the peasant army, and he was only forced to reach an agreement to jointly resist the Qing Dynasty when his own official army could not defeat the Dashun army, so his "joint venture" agreement was forced, and after the "joint operation" he tried every means to squeeze it out. However, Plug Yinxi looked at the overall situation and realized that only by uniting the peasant army to resist the Qing Dynasty could there be hope of rejuvenation. When he learned that the various units of the Dashun Army had gathered in Jingzhou and Lizhou, he personally rushed to the lawn in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, Li Jin and other large camps to negotiate the alliance. It's a pity that the official position of Plug Yinxi is lower than He Tengjiao, and he has been squeezed out by He Tengjiao. And He Tengjiao, who was advocated by the compiler of the history books of the relics of the Southern Ming Dynasty, is indeed the first pig teammate in history.