Feng Yunshan nodded and said, "Yes, what Ji Gao said is deeply in line with my intentions!" Ji Gao is talented! After today, you will write this law down and submit it to the Cabinet for implementation. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info”

Zuo Zongtang was praised by the emperor, with a smile on his face, and said excitedly: "Your Majesty has praised it." Wechen is just picking up people's teeth, if it weren't for His Majesty and the court's various policies for the people, Wechen wouldn't dare to put it forward. Your Majesty, the phosphate fertilizer that the state has now popularized and used in the southern provinces has achieved excellent results in cultivating crops. If this kind of phosphate ore can be found in Xinjiang and mined to refine phosphate fertilizer, it will definitely make major changes in this Xinjiang, just like Lin Gong did, no less than the rich land south of the Yangtze River! In addition, Wei Chen found from Lin Gong's notes that the lands of Xinjiang, especially the Huijiang and other places, are all backward Wu'er, Xibe, Daur, etc., and the agriculture is backward. ”

Feng Yunshan heard Zuo Zongtang mention Lin Zexu's notes, and couldn't help asking: "What else does Ji Gao know about this return to Xinjiang, including what policies the Manchus implemented there, can you comment on it, and I know it." ”

Zuo Zongtang said according to his words: "Your Majesty has an inquiry, and Weichen should report it." In fact, after the Manchu Qing Dynasty occupied Xinjiang, northern Xinjiang, especially the Dihua region, developed well and was self-sufficient in grain. In Yili and other places, there are nine sister cities that are relatively close to each other, including Huiyuan (Yili), Huining, Ningyuan, Suiding, Guangren, Zhande, Gongchen, Taleqi, and Xichun, with a total population of more than 100,000. ”

"The Manchus practiced three different systems of rule in the three regions of Xinjiang. First of all, the Xinjiang East Road area, which is close to Gansu, is centered on the ancient city and Dihua, and introduces the same provincial prefecture and county system as Gansu and other inland areas. It has attracted many Baima people, and even a small number of Han Chinese who do business to settle down, and the population is the most dense. Secondly, the northern road is close to the border areas of Mongolia, as well as the eastern road of Hami, Turpan and other Vultures areas, the implementation of the military and political unity of the Zasak system. In fact, it is equivalent to the banner master system of the Eight Banners, and these Wu'er people such as Abdullah in Hami, Yimin and Zhuo in Turpan were regarded as loyal allies by the Manchus because they submitted to the Manchus in the Kangxi era, and were regarded as loyal allies by the Manchus like the Mongol bannermen on the northern border road, so they implemented this Zasak system with the greatest autonomy. Finally, on the southern route of Xinjiang, the so-called Huijiang region, the Manchu Qing practiced the traditional rule of the Vultures, the Berke system. In addition to the military, the rest of the local administration, social security, justice, taxation, agriculture, water conservancy, education, and religion are all managed by a special Vulture. The Manchus not only granted privileges to these Burkes, but also paid them a stake and divided the land among the serf households who cultivated the land - the so-called 'Yan Qi'. ”

"The Manchu rule over Xinjiang revolved mainly around military functions. They carried out a policy of ethnic isolation in the whole of Xinjiang, especially the Han people, and strictly forbade communication with the local Wuer people to prevent the sinicization of the Wuer people. The Manchu court treated the Vultures favorably, levied modest taxes, and seemed to be an alliance with them rather than a direct rule over the Han Chinese. At the same time, however, the Manchus sent a minister of defense to lead troops to monitor the local Burke, and separated his religion from the secular power of Burke. However, the Manchu Qing Dynasty treated the upper nobles too favorably, so that the lower class people were dissatisfied with them, and moreover, the Manchu Qing imposed heavy taxes on Han merchants, but imposed less than 4% tariffs on foreign merchants, or even completely exempt from taxes, so that the Han merchants in Xinjiang were dissatisfied. ”

"All in all, Your Majesty, Weichen suggested that the imperial court should not adopt the Manchu Qing Dynasty's strategy of blood transfusion to support the Vultures to govern Huijiang, but based on its own Han immigrants, threaten to subdue the upper nobles of the Vultures by force, and win over the lower class of the Vultures, slowly assimilate each other, encourage them to blend with the Han people, and slowly and covertly assimilate these Vultures with a small population. In the end, this return to Xinjiang must be a major western province of our empire, creating a vast living territory for the people of our Han family. ”

Feng Yunshan sighed: "Yes, what I have to do is to send an army to recover it, then move the Han people there, live with them, and then set up a Han school, teach for free but compulsory to promote Chinese education, we must assimilate all the next generation of the local minority people, use a generation to completely integrate each other, and then directly send officials to govern." ”

Feng Yunshan actually thought further, he was ready to wait for the day to wait for the time to be ripe, to build a large northwest railway to Ili and even Huohan, and completely link these frontier places with the interior, at that time, no matter what troops are stationed, or logistics such as food, it will not be a problem.

Thinking of this, Feng Yunshan ordered Fu Shanxiang: "Spread my will, order Liang Litai to be the minister of the Qincha, and after the spring is warm, lead 30,000 captives into Xinjiang, slowly try to recover the entire Xinjiang." At the same time, he ordered Luo Qiongshu to be the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, pay close attention to training new soldiers, reinforce the soldiers entering Xinjiang as soon as possible, and organize the Han people to follow Liang Litai and move the people to implement the large-scale development of Xinjiang. The abolition of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the Xinjiang East Road area, were governed in the form of prefectures and counties. In the rest of the northwest and southern Xinjiang, pastoral areas and agricultural reclamation areas were set up respectively, and the Xinjiang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Production and Construction Corps was established. ”

Fu Shanxiang recorded it as well.

Zuo Zongtang couldn't help asking: "Your Majesty, this pastoral area and agricultural reclamation area are well understood, but this Xinjiang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Production and Construction Corps, but I don't know what affairs?" ”

Feng Yunshan smiled: "This is an idea of mine. For those areas of the frontier that were governed by the Zazak and Burke regimes, I was prepared to adopt a paramilitary form of administration. This is the establishment of the Xinjiang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Production and Construction Corps, which will set up pastoral areas and agricultural reclamation areas according to the areas where they are located. It has animal husbandry construction division and agricultural construction division. My initial idea is that within five to ten years, Xinjiang will set up five animal husbandry construction divisions, each with a population of about 50,000; Ten agricultural construction divisions were established, each with about 100,000 people. These construction divisions are all based on military establishments, and all civil and military tasks in the general jurisdiction of the division headquarters are to hoard land and open up wasteland, protect the national territory, and develop cultivated land, water areas, pastures, forest gardens, and minerals. Ji Gao, it will be planned by your General Staff, and Luo Qiongshu and others will organize the relocation of the people to Xinjiang, and the military and the people will work together to quickly carry out the development of Xinjiang. With the company headquarters as the basic unit, the frontier was reclaimed, and Xinjiang was quickly developed through militarization, and the migration was effectively managed. ”

Feng Yunshan knew that this kind of management method and a militarized form of social organization had been tested and successfully in later generations. In this vast and sparsely populated Xinjiang, there is no mass base of the Han people, and the only way to govern there is to stabilize this Xinjiang once and for all. Feng Yunshan could not have imagined that in this backward natural economy with agriculture and animal husbandry as the main body, the level of productivity is low, and the mode of production is backward, if a heavy army is sent to guard it, the transportation of military salaries and military rations will drag down the entire country. However, if we do not send heavy troops to guard it, it will be difficult to ensure that we do not lose our territory at all, given the complicated changes in the Central Asian region in the next few years, and the fierce eye of Tsarist Russia. Therefore, in order to consolidate border defense and speed up development, it is necessary to follow the example of later generations to carry out large-scale reclamation and garrisoning of the frontier. Military and civilian institutions were set up with "divisions and prefectures", "regiments (fields) and prefectures and counties", and "battalions, companies, and towns and forts".

In this way, although the main task of the construction corps is to develop production, it also takes into account the heavy task of guarding the frontier. The main combat force within the corps must still train its troops on time, be equipped with combat weapons, and be ready to resist the invading enemy forces at any time.

Zuo Zongtang sighed and said: "Your Majesty has a far-sighted plan to set up this agricultural and animal husbandry production and construction corps, which can indeed solve the garrison of the frontier once and for all. In this way, it is much better to immigrate to the border than to simply emigrate to the Han people to settle down in the frontier. In this way, it can be forced to rapidly reduce the proportion of the population of other ethnic groups in Xinjiang and increase the proportion of the Han population, which can greatly consolidate the control of the imperial court over the border areas! Weichen admires! ”

Zuo Zongtang really admires it, and he has learned the emperor's insight. Obviously, with this construction corps, the heavy task of reclamation and garrisoning has been fundamentally solved.

"Your Majesty, it is better to take this as a promise to urge the more than 10,000 Han people in Xinjiang to surrender. In addition, a large number of Manchu troops in the Jiangnan and Central Plains areas, as long as they were Han soldiers, could break up the original military system, randomly combine them, and send them to Xinjiang as members of the agricultural and animal husbandry production and construction corps. ”

"Not bad! Shanxiang, you take note. When he returned, he let the Ministry of Justice and the General Staff take the same strategy, and prepare to escort those Manchu surrendered soldiers who are still in custody and waiting to be disposed of, especially those veteran soldiers, to Xinjiang. However, this proportion should not be too high, and it is still necessary to be cautious, lest there be chaos over there. The main thing is to recruit some poor people who have no land and little land, and tell them that they can follow the whole family, young and old, and the court will provide all expenses such as food, lodging, and travel expenses. When you arrive at your destination, you can become an official official or soldier of the imperial court and enjoy the benefits of the imperial court! ”

Feng Yunshan knew very well that the state power symbolized by imperial power was actually difficult to penetrate into the grassroots society, at most at the county level, and it was also difficult to effectively intervene and control the grassroots society, and finally formed a situation of co-governance between the imperial power and the gentry.

But this is the hinterland, and Xinjiang is replaced, because there are no Han people at all, and a large number of Han people must be moved in to maintain their rule. It is necessary to form a pattern of ethnic distribution of "large mixed dwellings and small settlements" in later generations, and the common people of the Han nationality should be the main body.

At present, the total population of Xinjiang is just over 1.5 million, of which nearly half is the Uyur ethnic group, and the other Kazakhs, Baima, Kyrgyz, Mongolians, Tatars, and Manchus account for 100,000 or tens of thousands each. Although the Han people only have a small number of merchants and local garrisons, as long as a large number of immigrants can turn the whole of Xinjiang into a land of Han people within a few years. Because the absolute number of vultures is small, it is even more conducive to their own immigration governance.

If these young people are disobedient, Feng Yunshan thinks of simply suppressing them directly or replacing them with another ethnic group, such as supporting the Xibe and Daur tribes who migrated to the Manchu Qing Dynasty, as well as the Mongolian Turghut tribe who returned to the east, believing that for the survival of his own tribe, he will go all out to join the empire. In this case, you can also recruit the opponent's young and strong as soldiers on the spot and conquer the areas further west.

Perhaps, through this high-imitation production and construction corps of later generations, he can create a different Xinjiang, not only to avoid the fate of being invaded by Tsarist Russia, but also to open up the country, to fight for more living space for the Chinese and Han people, and to forcibly occupy this vast and sparsely populated Central Asian region in this era of the jungle.

Thinking of this, Feng Yunshan was in a good mood, standing on the top of the drum tower, and continued to look at the great rivers and mountains of the holy capital.