Since Zhang Jun crossed, most of the constraints he has suffered are from the wealthy family. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info It is said that as the young master of Da Liang, is it possible that the local tyrants of Guangwu County have eaten the heart of a bear and the gall of a leopard, and dare to openly dismantle the stage?

In fact, not to mention the problem of these local tyrants not bird Zhang Jun, even the Jin Yuan Emperor in the south today was abused by the wealthy family. The dignified son of heaven also has to look at the face of the wealthy family to act, not to mention a young general in Liangzhou?

Frankly speaking, it is not how bold these local tyrants are, but that the politics of the gate valve for hundreds of years have long cultivated their habit of despising imperial power. Speaking of which, I have to introduce the glorious history of the gate valve family!

If you talk about the arrogance of the wealthy family gatekeeper, the degree will definitely be jaw-dropping. Uninformed people often classify the wealthy as landlords, but this is not the case. In the historical documents since the Qin and Han dynasties, it is not uncommon to see records about the surnames of the Hao family, such as: "Haoqiang", "Haoyou", "Haozong", "Da Surname", "Qiang Family", "Famous Surname", "Powerful Family", etc., are all titles for the special class of "Hao Family Surname".

These people not only owned a large amount of land and formed a large feudal estate, but also controlled the clans and lived together. It not only has private arms, but also manipulates and monopolizes local political power. Even after accumulating wealth to a certain extent, it monopolizes cultural undertakings with strong social strength! This situation did not appear in the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but had been created at the beginning of its birth.

Sima Qian has a certain degree of understanding of the social identity characteristics of the Hao people. In his "Historical Records: The Biography of the Goods and Colonies", he called the predecessor of the Hao family, the "Hao Fu Min", "Su Feng". He said: "Today, there is no rank and no rank, the people of the lord, and those who are happy to compare with it, the fate is said: 'Sufeng'." It can be seen that the social identity of the early wealthy families was first of all "people", and they were a non-power class without permission; But this kind of person has a lot of social wealth, and can be "traffic princes" at the top, and "arbitrary country songs" at the bottom, and have great influence.

To give an inappropriate example, the richest man in a certain city today is only a citizen in terms of social status, but he can be called a brother and sister to the leader, which is definitely not comparable to ordinary people. In terms of the northern countries where Zhang Jun is located, it is equivalent to those dock castle masters. Even if they openly funded the Liang army, the Xiongnu and Han would turn a blind eye.

So, who are the people who make up the Hao family?

At present, the relatively unified view is that the surname of the wealthy family includes five types of people, namely: the descendants of the Six Kingdoms at the end of the Warring States Period, the wealthy merchants, the families who annexed the land, the rangers, and the military nobles.

Speaking of the descendants of the Six Kingdoms at the end of the Warring States Period, although their status had plummeted as early as the collapse of the patriarchal system, many of them still retained strong power. For example, before the Qin State destroyed the Qi State, there were a large number of nobles, former ministers and other people from Chu, Han, Zhao, Wei and other countries who did not want to surrender to Qin and fled to the Qi State to live. And the reason why the Qi State accepted them was precisely because these people had great political influence and could contribute to the resistance against Qin.

Later, Qin merged the world, and the nobles of the Six Kingdoms completely lost their former glory, but as Liu Fang said in the Tang Dynasty: "(The Six Kingdoms) The title of the first king was extinct, and the heirs were blessed by it, and they were still strong." "In layman's terms, it is a hundred-legged insect, dead but not stiff! In order to consolidate his rule, the Qin Emperor had to forcibly relocate the nobles of the Six Kingdoms, and most of them were sent to remote areas and scattered throughout the country. The purpose is to make it difficult for them to get out of their homeland and make it difficult for them to become a climate.

How could this approach be difficult to work in the short term, and as soon as Chen Shi raised his arms, the nobles of the six countries immediately flocked to greet each other, "Wuchen, Zhang Er raised Zhao, Xiang Liang lifted Wu, Tian Dan lifted Qi, Jingju lifted Ying, Zhou Shi lifted Wei, Han Guang lifted Yan・・・・・・ invincible"! Especially Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's uncle and nephew, who had been in the limelight for several years at that time, were the descendants of the nobles of the Chu State.

However, the fall of the Qin Dynasty did not restore the nobles of the Six Kingdoms to their former glory. During the Chu-Han War, some of them were killed by Xiang Yu, and some were deposed, completely losing the opportunity for independent development. It was precisely because of their performance in the anti-Qin war that Liu Bang, as the ultimate victor, was even more jealous of them. As soon as the dispute between Chu and Han ended, they immediately set about settling the aristocratic armed forces in Qi, Han, Zhao and other places.

Liu Bang sent an envoy to summon Qi Wang Tian Heng to Beijing, and affirmed: "Heng Lai, the big one is the king, and the small one is Hou Er; If you don't come, you will send troops to punish you." Tian Heng was originally a clan of the late Qi Wang Tian clan, because he had no way to advance or retreat, he had no choice but to kill himself, and his five hundred subordinates also committed suicide after hearing the news and followed. It can be said that Tian Heng's death is a landmark event for the collapse of the military power of the nobles of the Six Kingdoms!

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, although the society had stabilized, Liu Bang still did not relax his vigilance against the nobles of the Six Kingdoms. At that time, a strategist named Lou Jing suggested following the practice of the Qin Dynasty and immigrating. Liu Bang gladly adopted it, and moved the Zhao clan, Qu clan, Jing clan, Huai clan, and Tian clan of the Qi and Chu clans to Guanzhong. However, the practice of moving Hao this time is different from the compulsory measures of Qin Shi Huang back then, and Liu Bang issued the instruction of "He Litian House", which is obviously appeased.

With the passage of time, the nobility of the Six Kingdoms branched out, and gradually diverged and transformed, which led to the concentrated emergence of land annexation houses and wealthy merchants.

The house of land annexation, that is, the rich of the common people. Like ordinary yeoman farmers, they are all members of the state, not only do they have no political privileges, but they also have to bear the taxes and conscription of the state. But in real life, the situation is naturally different from the beautified historical records. These people, with their wealth and wealth, competed with the people for profit, and soon there were many slaves and maids, cattle and sheep, and they bought farms and houses. Some people are even too wealthy and have more power than obeying orders. If you don't sit down for breaking the law, the assassin will die and surrender for it.

At this time, the wealthy families under the rule of Guangwu County should be included in this list.

In addition, some of the beneficiaries of military exploits or meritorious deeds during the Qin and Han dynasties also gradually became the source of the surnames of the wealthy families. As early as during the Chu-Han War, Liu Bang used the method of conferring knights to motivate soldiers in order to defeat Xiang Yu. After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, in order to restore the post-war social order, Liu Bang promulgated the important "Five-Year Edict of Emperor Gao", stipulating that all military officials and soldiers who did not have a title, were guilty but received pardon and were not as good as doctors, were given knighthoods as doctors; Those who have military merit above the doctor level will be promoted to the first level of knighthood and given food. As a result, a large number of feudal soldiers returned to their hometowns and bought land one after another, creating a large number of new land occupiers.

As for the wealthy businessmen, it has a long history. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the first tyrant of Qi Huan, he appointed Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya, who were born in private business, to develop the economy and finally achieve hegemony. However, after the unification of the Qin state, it began to vigorously crack down on private industrialists and merchants, and Han Gaozu even adopted the policy that merchants could not wear silk clothes and could not ride in cars, trying to politically degrade the social image and status of merchants.

But this ban did not last long, and it was relaxed by the time of Emperor Wen of Han. The promulgation of Emperor Wen's decrees such as "opening and closing the beam, galloping the mountains and rivers", and "conniving the people to mint money, smelt iron, and boil salt" pushed private industry and commerce into a golden age of prosperity.

The last source of the surname of the wealthy family is the ranger.

The rangers are a very active social group in the early Western Han Dynasty, and the "Records of the Historians" and the "Book of Han" have set up a "Biography of the Rangers" for them, which are the only two examples in all the official histories. In the "Historical Records: The Biography of the Rangers", Sima Qian divided the rangers into several categories, such as "the hero of the cloth", "the hero of the horseman", "the hero of the tyrant", "the hero of the country song", "the hero of Lu Xiang" and "the hero of the prime minister". Among them, except for the "hero of the prime minister", which specifically refers to the "four sons" who were famous for raising soldiers during the Warring States Period, the others all refer to rangers from civilian backgrounds.

It can be said that in the early period of the Western Han Dynasty, the ranger was the dominant force of the folk order, and famous chivalrous men such as the Zhu family, Tian Zhong, Wang Gong, Ju Meng, and Guo Xie were born. Among them, the Lu Zhu family had a very high social prestige when the Han Dynasty was first established, and the world was proud of knowing it, and even Tian Zhong, a Chu ranger, was willing to treat him with his father's courtesy. Another example is the Luoyang drama Meng, who showed up to the princes with Ren Xia, his mother died, and there were thousands of funerals from afar.

However, to say that the rangers have the greatest social influence, a certain is Guo Jie. At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered the relocation of the rich to live in Maoling, and Guo Xie was also on the roster. The general Wei Qing personally interceded with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty on his behalf, saying: "Guo Jie's family is poor and does not migrate. This means that Guo Jie's family is very poor and should not be relocated to Maoling. As a result, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sarcastically said: "Untie the cloth clothes, the power is to make the general, and his family is not poor." (This Guo Xie is just a grass man, and he can actually support the general to intercede for him, which shows that he is not poor!) Although Guo Xie did not get rid of the fate of being relocated in the end, this kind of high-profile and sensational situation still caused a shock in the government and the opposition・・・・・・

Ban Gu bluntly commented in "The Book of Han: The Legend of the Rangers": "The disciples of the cloth-clothed ranger drama Meng and Guo Xie have the power to govern the state and the princes. ”

Maize thinks that the word "fold" is used best in this sentence of the "Book of Han", which is not only a vivid portrayal of the power of the ranger, but also reveals the violent nature of the surname of the wealthy family! It doesn't matter if you are a prince or a nobleman, if you get angry, you will be broken!

All in all, the wealthy family members, composed of the descendants of the nobles of the Six Kingdoms, the families of annexation, the wealthy merchants, the military nobles, and the rangers, flexed their muscles at the beginning of their birth, which made the rulers both dependent and fearful, and not only tried to exclude them from the regime, but also attacked and suppressed.

But the result is obvious, in the end, the imperial power had to bow its head and compromise with the Hao family, which led to the unruly nature of the Hao family from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties.