The emergence of human beings as social animals is entirely the result of the natural evolution of living things, and the earliest human races were born purely to hunt prey that a single or a few individuals cannot fight against, and at the same time to defend against predators who are born at the top of the biological chain.

Human beings are chaotic-inclined creatures, often indulging in their own desires and biological instincts, especially the nature common to survival and reproduction, which are common to all species on earth, which are magnified by a thousand times in humans.

As for the views on ethnic groups and the evolution process of the Chinese dynasties, it can really be listed as a special research topic and write a huge work.

The ancient Chinese social structure is the individual, the family and then the country eventually extends to the whole world, leaving aside the most basic element of the individual, the family should be the basic unit of a society, and when a family develops to the extreme, it will be upgraded to a clan.

Modern human beings often converge into groups based on race, creed, occupation, etc., and the oldest and most primitive group in history distinguishes the element of kinship and alienation is blood.

Having the same bloodline does not mean that they will be more united, but from the perspective of survival and reproduction, groups with more blood relatives are usually more competitive in the brutal course of evolutionary history.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties of Chinese history, the concept of clan has evolved from a simple blood connection to the same surname or even the same nationality, and the result of the expansion of the scope is that the power of the folk clan has reached the peak of the development of feudal society and has become an important part of the national political structure at that time.

The government's control over the regions was often limited to the county level, and the low-level countryside was managed by the local clans and gentry, a structure that even continued into the Republican period.

At first, these Chinese workers who arrived in the United States to pan for gold, when they arrived overseas, where their language and living habits were different in all aspects, of course, they would instinctively huddle together to keep warm.

Moreover, in addition to resisting external pressure, competition within the ethnic group is also an unavoidable problem, and there will be conflicts between Chinese workers for various reasons, so joining a shelterable group has become the first thing that every Chinese worker will think of.

Hongo's native became the most basic criterion of identification, because being from the same place means speaking the same language. Don't underestimate this point, at that time, the Manchu Qing Dynasty even divided the official dialect into four or five kinds, and there were dozens of dialects spoken in Liangguang and Fujian and Zhejiang, and some isolated mountainous areas would even have a situation of "five miles with different tones and ten miles with different tones", and the pronunciation of the two villages not far from each other may be completely different.

These most primitive and spontaneous associations were rather crudely organized, and in fact it was difficult to provide any help to their members, let alone any guarantee for hard work.

Some of the coolies did succeed in the gold rush, and after completing the contract and paying off the arrears, they returned to their hometowns with a good harvest, built houses and land in the local area, and lived a wealthy life as local tyrants, and people respected these successful people as "Jin Shanbo".

Seeing these successful examples, a large number of peasants who also had the dream of making a fortune embarked on a journey to the "golden land". The emergence of a special "management" class in certain qualified "formation" groups meant that the clan forces from China had landed on the land of the Americas for the first time.

At the height of the gold rush, there were more than 50,000 gold miners from China, and in addition to the miners at the bottom, there were a large number of traditional industries that provided services to these miners, such as Chinese restaurants, barber shops, tailors, shoe shops, and Chinese medicine shops, but also a number of more traditional black trades, such as the notorious gambling stalls, brothels, and opium parlors.

At that time, the most common Chinese clan group was the public office, and the most basic condition for participants was the same surname and the same clan, so the public office would be preceded by the county name of each clan. Because some surnames are not large in number, there are also cases where several surnames are united to form a commune.

In addition, the largest Chinese group is to belong to the local association in the United States, although it sounds like a domestic association, but at the beginning of its establishment, the two were completely different in nature.

At that time, the export of coolies was a lucrative business, which was completely monopolized by some foreign firms in Hong Kong and Guangzhou, and Chinese merchants were not qualified to intervene in it at all, except for the local brokers who opened the port.

However, with the increase in the number of laborers exported, foreign companies need some Chinese as intermediaries to be responsible for the management and supervision of coolies in the United States, and the other task is to collect debts from the labor demander and prevent workers from escaping during work.

However, after some middlemen or managers have established themselves in the industry, they abandon their original foreign employers and start their own business of recruiting coolies from China.

These managers turned from coolie managers to coolie importers, and by virtue of their connections in China and some unspeakable means, they soon monopolized the local Chinese import business.

These coolie importers banded together to build a series of guild halls in San Francisco based on their hometowns and in the form of Chinese associations.

These associations recruit coolie laborers in their respective areas of origin and sign "credit" contracts with these workers. When coolies arrive in the U.S., the first thing they do is to "register" as a member of their clubhouse, sign a clear debt agreement, and then assign them to various labor contractors.

In addition to collecting repayments from coolies, the clan will also collect corresponding "membership fees", and the clan will also be responsible for the safety of the coolies, provide medical and legal assistance, and promise that if the coolies die in an accident, the clan will be responsible for returning their bodies to their hometowns. Because the clan is legally the creditor of these coolies, if a coolie wants to buy a ticket to return to China, he must get a debt settlement certificate issued by the clan, otherwise the shipping company will not sell the ticket to any coolie to return home.

In addition to the previous credit and membership fees, the guild would sell all kinds of daily goods smuggled from China to the coolies at high prices, and when the laborers wanted to send money to their families through the guild, they also had to charge an expensive "handling fee", and most of the industries that provided services to the laborers had "shares" in the clubhouse.

At the same time, the clan also hired a group of professional thugs, who, in addition to being in charge of the clan's security, were mainly responsible for monitoring and guarding the coolies, and if anyone escaped during the work, they would be hunted down.

Those merchants who sucked the blood and sweat of coolies, but in the eyes of coolies, they were all respected squires of Jinshan. For no other reason than because they were in a monopoly business, and they refused to recruit any outsiders except for the native coolies. Therefore, more than ninety percent of the Chinese coolies who came to the United States during that period were farmers from the Liangguang area.

San Francisco has established more than a dozen guild halls, and after competitive annexation, it finally retained the six guild halls of Sanyi, Gangzhou, Renhe, Yanghe, Ningyang, and Hope.

But the good times didn't last long, and soon the situation changed, because a number of local dynamic social groups also came out to "break into the golden mountain".

Seeing a large number of mud legs flocking to Jinshan, and many people returning with their pockets full of Yingyang, how could those brave and ruthless people not feel upset and greedy.

Hongmen Zhigongtang is the first Jianghu Tangkou to show its name in the Americas, at this time, although Hongmen hung a sign of "anti-Qing and Mingming", in fact, it has already degenerated into a pure gang.

The Zhi Gong Tang set an example for other dynamic social groups, and soon a variety of "tangkou" sprung up in the Chinese gathering area.

The thugs of the six major corporations were either gang members or no match for these professional gangsters, and soon these guilds lost control of the Chinese community, and Chinatown immediately fell into an era of gang warfare, which the Americans called "Tang War".

PS: Thank you all for your support.