Today's chapter is a bit difficult to write.,To write brilliantly it's really a waste of brain.,Let me think about tomorrow's more.,When the number of words is more.,It's a bit more to make up for today's lack of more.。 Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

Plug Yinxi, formerly known as Lingzhu, Yu Zhongxuan, a Yu Muzi, No. Shepherd. Born in the twenty-ninth year of Wanli (1601 AD), he is a native of Qianting Village, Qiting Town, Yixing. When he was 11 years old, his parents died, and he had no choice but to go to his father-in-law, Chen Damao. Although his father-in-law's family was poor, he was anxious for justice and righteousness, and not only took in Xiao Yinxi, but also hired a tutor to teach him poetry. Later, he was attached to his uncle's house. It is said that Du Yinxi has been uninhibited since he was a child, and the evidence is that after reading every day, he went to the hotel in the neighboring village to "indulge in wine and spread wild", and also carried a "big wine glass" made from the skull of a dead man. If any fifth or sixth grade elementary school student openly does this at school, it will inevitably be regarded as a problem child by our educators, rather than being uninhibited, and the parents will not be able to escape. Sure enough, because he likes to spoof, he attracted widespread criticism from his neighbors. His uncle had no choice but to send Xiao Yinxi back to his father-in-law's house to think about it behind closed doors.

After living in his father-in-law's house for seven or eight years, Du Yinxi walked out of the house and started a study tour. At this time, Ma Shiqi, a famous scholar in Wuxi, appreciated his talent and learning, and accepted him as a disciple. Yinxi studied hard for several years and made great progress in his studies. At that time, the Ming Dynasty lost frequently in the wars in Liaodong, and the imperial court enabled Xiong Tingbi to pass through Liaodong, and issued an edict to recommend border defense talents from all over the country. After hearing about it, Du Yinxi took the case and said loudly: "Don't forget the ravine, don't forget the end of the ravine, don't ask the Huns if you don't destroy them!" And immediately wrote tens of thousands of words of "Anbian Ten Strategies" and presented it to He Yingrui, the prefect of Changzhou, claiming that if he did not go out to help, Xiong Tingbi would inevitably fail in Liaodong. He Taishou was startled when he heard the strange words, and thought that he had met a madman, so he politely praised this "crazy life" and sent him out of the door.

Throwing a pen from Rong touched a soft nail, plugging Yinxi had to settle down to take the old road of the imperial examination, and finally in Chongzhen ten years to get a jinshi, in April of the same year, into the Dali Temple regulations. He successively served as the director of the Henan Qing Officials Division of the Nanjing Household Department, the Jiangbei Pu Difference Division, the Changsha Prefect, and the deputy envoy of the Huguang Branch Shouchang Baodao. During his tenure in Jiangbei, natural disasters were prevalent and the people were displaced. While opening a warehouse to help the victims, Gu Yinxi also made drastic reforms to reduce the burden on the people, effectively alleviating the disaster and surviving the difficulties. In the business travel, songs such as "The Ballad of the Lucky Star", "Ode to the Salvation of the Waste", and "The Folk Song of Guan" were sung to praise his achievements, and the teacher Ma Shiqi also happily wrote a letter to praise his beloved apprentice as the "five-color mending heavenly hand". However, despite his outstanding reputation, the blocked career did not go smoothly. He is a tough person, and his temper is directly chasing Dong Xuan, the "strong order" of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, and one of his "hobbies" is probably to crack down on the powerful forces that endanger the locality, from the Jiwang Mansion in Changsha to the local bandits, as long as they dare to do evil, those who oppose Yinxi will all be beaten to the point of running away. As a result, there are many grievances. Shi Kefa, who was the secretary of the Nanjing Military Department at that time, specially met him for this purpose, and at first sight, he allowed Yinxi to be the national soldier of the world, and entrusted him with the post of supervising the army in Changsha. Before he took office, the news of the fall of Beijing came, and the blessed king Zhu Yousong ascended the throne in Nanjing. Du Yinxi was also promoted to the deputy envoy of the Judicial Division, and the governor of Huguangtong Province was the school administrator. The supervision of the local military was changed to the supervision of the province's education work. In the turbulent period, education seemed to be insignificant, but Du Yinxi knew the importance of cultivating talents in the troubled times, and he comprehensively reformed the imperial examination system in Huguang, advocating the integration of civil and military affairs, and each subject selection test was divided into three fields: "Moral and Administrative Achievements", "Theory of Righteousness and Strategy", and "Taoluo Cavalry and Archery". Based on moral and administrative achievements, those who are proficient in literature and military strategy are all-rounders; Those who are both civil and military are both talented, and only those who are sparse in both civil and military affairs are partial talents. The scholar passed the three tests, and the quantity was used. This kind of measure is naturally a temporary measure to prepare for war, but it has also broken the outdated eight-unit selection system for the imperial examination, and it has a bit of a flavor of vigorously promoting quality education.

Although he was reappointed as a scholar and politician, he never forgot to prepare for the army, he recruited anti-Qing fighters in the people, personally assessed his courage and bravery, recruited 3,000 people before and after, called the gentleman's battalion, and took the meaning of 6,000 gentlemen from the king of Yue, and called the gentleman not to call the soldiers, in order to show respect and encouragement, and sacrifice himself for the country. In the officialdom of the late Ming Dynasty, Du Yinxi meddled in military and political affairs as a scholar, which was naturally regarded as an outlier by the people of the time. However, he is a talented man and a man who dares to act and act boldly, and will not be bound by outdated rules and regulations. He personally trained his soldiers, explained tactics, and exercised his actual combat ability to lead troops into battle. On the other hand, among the high-ranking officials in the Ming Dynasty at that time, there were many people who adhered to integrity and were loyal to the country, but unfortunately most of them were sour and rotten conservative people who did not know practice and did not understand military politics. They pride themselves on their high integrity every day, but in times of crisis, they often spoil the overall situation because of their short-sightedness and low vision. "I usually talk about my heart with my hands, and I will die to repay the king." It is the best portrayal of them, but in all fairness, how beneficial is such a "spirit of self-sacrifice" for the country and the people?

In August 1645, under the recommendation of He Tengjiao, the governor of Huguang, he was appointed as the right governor of the Imperial Palace, and was actually awarded the governor of Huguang, opened the capital of Changde, and assumed the important task of defending the Hubei front. In May of that year, Li Zicheng died in Jiugong Mountain, Tongcheng County, Hubei, and the remaining 300,000 people were led by Mrs. Gao, Li Jin, and Gao Yi to lead the troops to Lizhou, Changde Prefecture. Due to the lack of materials, the Dashun army took the initiative to ask for cooperation with He Tengjiao to resist the Qing Dynasty, but He Tengjiao was extremely hostile to the peasant army, and later because of the weakness, he was forced to reach a "joint venture" agreement with the Dashun army, but he made it difficult to divide the Dashun army everywhere, and was bent on squeezing them out of Hunan and then quickly. And the strategic vision of Gu Yinxi is undoubtedly much higher than He Tengjiao, he knows that the situation of the Southern Ming Dynasty was already crumbling at that time, and it was necessary to cooperate with the peasant army in order to maintain the great cause of resisting the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, when he learned that the various units of the Dashun army were gathered in the Jingchu area, he personally rushed to the camp of the Dashun army in Jingzhou to negotiate the alliance. At that time, rumors were flying, and it was rumored that Li Jin, Gao Yigong and others were demon kings who killed people without blinking, and everyone sweated for the light danger of blocking Yinxi. Plug Yinxi himself thinks that this trip is uncertain. Before leaving, he summoned his subordinates and said: "There is no day of destruction, I am willing to go naked and gather his people for the country." If it is done, it will be the spirit of the sect; Otherwise, the day of a certain ordination also. After arriving at the garrison to meet with the peasant generals, he made a generous statement, strongly advocating joint resistance to the Qing Dynasty and repaying the country with death. Gu Yinxi took advantage of the situation to propose to Li Jin: "Since everyone serves the country with one heart, they are brothers, why not follow the ceremony of the ancients to worship their mother?" Please see Mrs. Gao". After Li Jin's adoptive mother, Mrs. Gao, saw Plug Yinxi and instructed Li Jin: "Plug Gong, heaven and man, you must not live up to his hard work." Li Jin was very happy, and left him for a banquet at that time, Yin Xi politely declined, crying and saying: "The two capitals have not yet been recovered, and the people are very poor, is this the time for the people to feast and listen to music?" Li Jin sighed for this, and immediately withdrew the banquet, and from then on, Li Jin and others obeyed the moderation of blocking Yinxi. Emperor Longwu was very happy when he heard the news, and promoted Yinxi to the right attendant of the military department and the imperial history of the capital, and wrote a letter to comfort him. Awarded Li Jin as the left army in front of the imperial camp, a meritorious service for the right army, and hung the seal of the dragon and tiger generals, sealed the liehou, gave the brocade name red heart, a meritorious name must be correct, called the battalion for the loyal battalion, and the Gao family for the lady of Zhenyi. Since then, on the Huguang battlefield, a new situation has been created in which the Southern Ming Dynasty and the peasant army jointly resist the Qing Dynasty.

After joining forces with the loyal battalion, in order to implement the strategic deployment of Emperor Longwu, Du Yinxi suggested that He Tengjiao go north to intercept the Qing army, and he led his troops to besiege Jingzhou to restore Hubei. At that time, Jingzhou City could not be attacked for a long time, and the official Zhao Zhenfang suggested that the city should be irrigated with water, and Jingzhou could be taken quickly, and Du Yinxi sighed: "This is indeed a good plan, but I restored the territory for the imperial court, and came under the banner of saving the people from fire and water. Besides, if there is any superintendent in the east to intercept the Qing army, the defenders in the city have no food and grass, and there is no rescue outside, so it will definitely not last. "Unexpectedly, He Tengjiao's troops collapsed without a fight under Yueyang City, and the Qing army drove in like a no-man's land. The besieged Ming army was caught off guard and broke the siege and left, and the plug Yinxi also fell off his horse and folded his arm on the way to retreat. The ghost must have a known name Han Pass, where is the home hanging in the wasteland? The three watchmen turned into thousands of years of blood, and thousands of miles of people were sad. Looking south at the tombs, Zhongshan can be pitiful to the ape. At this time, Yinxi was newly defeated, seeing that Zhongxing's plan came to naught, and he was depressed, and the poem was more about Nanming's internal weakness and incompetence. I'm afraid there is also a hint of confusion about the future.

In May of the same year, Du Yinxi recovered from his illness and repelled the Jingzhou Qing soldiers who were chasing all the way on the lawn of Lizhou, and the strength of the troops was slightly strengthened. His son Du Shiming and nephew Du Zhengming also abandoned their homes and came to the army at this time, because Du Zhengming was brave and strategic, and Du Yinxi ordered him to take charge of the Junzi Battalion pro-army. Block Zhengming is brave and good at fighting, and he takes the lead in battle. Under his command, the Gentleman's Battalion was trained as an elite division. Become the backbone of the blockage.

In August of that year, Emperor Longwu was defeated, King Gui succeeded to the throne, the Qing army marched south, Changsha, Changde fell successively, Yinxi retreated to Yongding, gathered the generals under the city, drew his sword and prepared to kill himself in public, in order to thank the crime of dereliction of duty. All the generals hugged him, and Du Yinxi threw away his sword and cried loudly, and all the generals and soldiers present also cried bitterly. Under the inspiration of Du Yinxi, Ma Jinzhong, Wang Jincai and others all asked to serve the country. Seeing that the morale has been aroused, the morale of the army is available. So Yinxi took advantage of the situation to supervise the division to meet the Qing army, ordered his nephew to block Zhengming as the vanguard, and spread the right flank to advance forward. The soldiers fought desperately, and defeated the Qing soldiers after 3 days of bloody battles. Changde and Chenzhou have been regained one after another. Wang Jincai restored Taoyuan, Yuan Zongdi restored Lizhou, Li Jin and others even pulled out Jingmen, Yicheng and other prefectures and counties, and the military voice was revived. The vanguard of the front moved eastward from the Yangtze River to Liujikou, Jiayu County, Hubei, and the Qing side was greatly shaken, and the southward deployment was completely disrupted for a while. In the face of this form, Du Yinxi wrote the poem "Crossing Tianmen Mountain" in the army: "In the end, the horse's back will follow the wind and rain, and the tip of the knife will die and live all day long." The whole pair of bones is poor and red, and the corners of a pair of eyes are old and difficult to be green. Only then did he drown the sao fu and not hurt the master, and he learned to steal the spring and autumn period and did not dismiss the army. Forty-eight years of left thoughts, just because of how difficult it is to be independent. Compared with the gloomy sadness when he defeated Xinhua Post two years ago, Du Yinxi at this time has a little more "success or failure does not have to be in me, but I want to do my best".

The war situation in Hunan improved slightly, so Gu Yinxi rushed to Sichuan to absorb the local armed forces of the Ming army, Wang Guangxing and Li Zhanchun, and formed a Zhongkai battalion. Day and night to train and drill, lecture on battle formations in an attempt to make a big move. The Qing army in Huguang was afraid of blocking Yinxi like a tiger for a while, and the Qing court repeatedly sent envoys to recruit Yinxi and said: "The big one is the king, and the small one will not lose the position of the marquis", but Yinxi was sternly rejected and insisted on holding on to the Qing army. At the beginning of 1648, Jin Shenghuan and Li Chengdong returned to Jiangxi and Guangdong anyway, the situation of resisting the Qing Dynasty changed for a while, and Plug Yinxi took advantage of the situation to lead the troops to recover Hengyang and Xiangtan, and encountered the Qing reinforcements at the Caoqiao outside Hengzhou City, the initial battle was unfavorable, and Plug Yinxi came to the front of the battle to stab the blood with a knife and write the upper sparse seal, and then inserted the knife into the boots and said loudly to the soldiers: "If this battle is lost, I will repay the country with death and never let you down." The soldiers were deeply moved and bravely fought to defeat the Qing army, and most of Hunan was restored by the Ming army. At this time, the news that Jin Shenghuan was besieged in Nanchang City came, and Du Yinxi galloped to the Jiangxi battlefield day and night, before leaving, in view of the emptiness of the Hunan army, He Tengjiao's Ming army combat effectiveness was not strong, and he personally urged Li Jinbu, the loyal battalion stationed at the junction of Sichuan and Hubei to enter the Hunan battlefield and Tengjiao to attack the Qing army. Li Jin really lived up to expectations, defeated the Qing army repeatedly along the way, and besieged Changsha City like an iron bucket. It is a pity that He Tengjiao, who supervised Hunan, was selfish and selfish in order to fight for merit, and forced the loyal battalion that was about to conquer Changsha to march east to aid Jiangxi, Changsha was in danger and restored peace, and the Qing reinforcements immediately seized the emptiness and chaos of the Ming army on the battlefield in Hunan and marched south. He Tengjiao's troops were defeated and killed, and his nephew Du Zhengming, who stayed in the Yongxing base area in Hunan, was also killed in the siege of the superior forces of the Qing army. All parts of Hunan have fallen. In February, Nanchang was also lost, and Jin Shenghuan and others were defeated.

The bad news came one after another, and when he saw that the situation in Hunan was out of control, he was forced to lead more than 1,000 soldiers to retreat from Longhu Pass into Guangxi in order to move later. Cao Zhijian, the Ming general who guarded the pass, was provoked by traitors, and decided that Du Yinxi came to collect his own army, and even brazenly sent troops to surround and kill Du Yinxi's entourage. Du Yinxi suggested to the imperial court that the loyalist camp be temporarily placed in the designated area of Guangdong. Li Yuanyin, the "Dongxun" who controlled the political situation of Yongli ****** at that time, was greatly dissatisfied when he heard about it, believing that the entry of the Loyal Battalion into Guangdong would seriously affect his monopoly status. At that time, Cheng Xun, an official of the Plug Yin Xituo Dynasty, escorted himself and part of the family members of the generals of the loyal battalion to Wuzhou. Unexpectedly, in order to prevent the loyal battalion from entering Guangdong, Li Yuanyin secretly instructed his subordinate Zhang Xiang to fire artillery and destroy Cheng Xun and the family boat he escorted in the river. When the matter reached the imperial court, Emperor Yongli was afraid of offending Dongxun, and finally it was over. In the face of the reckless behavior of the ministers of the regime who disregarded the overall situation and insisted on going backwards, the loyal battalion and the soldiers of the blockade were deeply chilled, although the blockade Yinxi himself still suppressed the grief and called for loyalty and filial piety, but the various departments under his jurisdiction were discouraged and disappointed by the situation and gradually tended to disintegrate. The situation facing the blockade is also becoming more and more difficult.

Previously, the remnants of the Great Western Army entered Yunnan under the leadership of Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo, and after a period of rest and recuperation, their strength increased greatly. In the third year of Yongli (1649), Sun Kewang sent an envoy to Yongli to ask for the king of Qin, and offered to unite with the Southern Ming to resist the Qing Dynasty. The Southern Ming court debated this matter endlessly, and the opposition was extremely strong. In the end, he only agreed to be crowned as a duke. Seeing that things were going bad, Du Yinxi entertained the envoys of Sun at Qixingyan on the one hand, and repeatedly talked about the pros and cons of cooperating with the Great Western Army to resist the Qing Dynasty. At the insistence of Du Yinxi, Emperor Yongli finally agreed to decide to crown Sun Kewang as the king of Pingliao. It laid the foundation for future cooperation. Later, the Yongli Imperial Court was maintained for more than ten years under the joint efforts of the Great Western Army.

Plug Yinxi is a generous person, and he only seeks to do things with a pure heart for the public, never sticking to the old clichés, and is not afraid of gossip. He was one of the few outstanding politicians in Nanming at that time, and he was able to abandon his views and selfishness. According to the changes in the situation at that time, the strategic plan of uniting with Dashun and the Great Western Army to jointly resist the Qing Dynasty was proposed. It has effectively strengthened its own strength and improved the situation of resistance to the Qing Dynasty. His political vision is far higher than that of many important ministers of the Southern Ming Dynasty.

However, Gu Yinxi's hard work could not get the understanding of those colleagues who were short-sighted, only knew their private plans, and "defended against good and evil". Because of his enthusiasm for cooperating with the Dashun Army, many people were jealous and afraid of blocking, and even suspected that he had other ambitions. Even He Tengjiao and Qu Shiyun were suspicious of Plug Yinxi, and they were restricted everywhere. When Yinxi arrived in Zhaoqing, Emperor Yongli summoned him to join the auxiliary government of the court, and when the real power of the dynasty Qu Shiyun, Li Yuanyin was afraid that he would be able to exert himself after blocking the court, and the power would fall, so he instructed the ministers to fabricate all kinds of trumped-up charges to crack down on and exclude Yinxi. Although he was in a critical situation, he still insisted on uniting the Great Western Army to resist the Qing Dynasty, and actively contacted the old department to prepare to return to the front line. Although Emperor Yongli, who had a weak temperament, trusted Yinxi, he also knew that it would be useless to let Yinxi stay in the court. Therefore, he was promoted to the young master and the prince and the prince, the scholar of Wenyuange, the secretary of the ministry and the secretary of the military department "Governor's Provincial Military Affairs", temperate loyalty, loyalty, loyalty to the military battalions, and went out of the Northern Expedition.

The ridiculous thing is that when the courtiers tried their best to squeeze the blockade out of the court, they were afraid that he would return to power in the army and open up the situation to improve his prestige, so he made things difficult everywhere in terms of military salaries. According to records, Du Yinxi asked for the army's salary five times before he was granted 3,000 taels, and the silver was robbed by Li Yuanyin as soon as he received it. When Gu Yinxi said goodbye to Emperor Yongli, Emperor Yongli asked, "Where will Qing go?" Yinxi said bitterly: "There is no horse on land, no boat on water, there is the name of the teacher, and there is no cost of the army." The ministers will never dare to go on the river, and outsiders will accuse them, but they can only clear the four seas to affirm this intention. As a last resort, you should donate this body to repay the emperor. Zhu Youlang was helpless, and he couldn't conjure up silver to reward the three armies, "but to withdraw the second dragon flag in front of the emperor, and to make a strong walk" to give a little spiritual encouragement. Yinxi thanked and "came out with tears". The sadness and generosity of this scene is probably far greater than Zhuge Wuhou's appearance. In his heart at this time, Du Yinxi had no choice but to die, as he said, to die and sacrifice himself to the country.

When he mobilized the loyal battalion out of the division, he happened to meet the loyal battalion commander Li Jin died of illness, and after Li Jin's death, the loyal battalion detachment detachment gradually did not obey the dispatch. Under the strong advocacy of Plug Yinxi, only Liu Guochang was willing to follow the blockade division. After the army went to Xunzhou, the old disease of plugging Yinxi recurred, and he couldn't afford to get sick. Before dying, he still diligently thought about state affairs in his suicide note, lamenting that he could not die on the battlefield and finally died on the table, which was a great regret in his life, and he was still willing to turn into a ghost to kill the enemy after death. That night, Du Yinxi sighed repeatedly: "Why is Fuchu Baoxu crying? Fu Chu Bao Xu He Xiang cried! He then died suddenly at the residence of the Changsheng Temple at the age of forty-nine.

In the short history of the Southern Ming Dynasty, Du Yinxi, like Zhang Huangyan, was an outstanding politician and military strategist with unique vision. The two of them spent their lives in Huguang and the front line of the southeast anti-Qing Dynasty, exhausting their life's strength for their ambitions, and they never stopped. Plugging Yinxi is conceited of his talents, and acts with the creed of "benefiting the country, I will specialize in it", and refuses to make excuses at all. His heroic spirit is aggressive, and he is naturally misunderstood and hated in the old-fashioned Nanming officialdom. "Buy my head for 100,000 gold, you can really jealous me and my bosom friend." Gu Yinxi is such an uninhibited and open-minded true hero, a real hero. However, the tragedy of his life is that his "bosom friends" are actually "comrades-in-arms" and "colleagues" who stand on the same front as him, who are full of ambition and cannot display them, and finally die of their will. In vain, he left a lingering hatred to be hung by the people of later generations.