When I wake up in the morning, I feel like my body can move. Standing up, moving your legs and feet, you are very flexible, and you are much better than your previous physique. Standing up and walking slowly, I walked out of the door, and saw the maids in the garden busy working, and when I came out, they were all busy standing up and saluting, and some were busy looking for their wives, so I waved them all to get busy. I walked out slowly by myself. It turned out that he lived in the east wing, and after turning around the courtyard and finding that the standard of the Song Dynasty dwellings should be the official eunuch, first talk about the house layout.

According to the History of the Song Dynasty, the houses of the consuls and princes are called the mansions, the houses of other officials are called the mansions, and the houses of the grassroots people are called the homes. This rule is not to be messed with.

Courtyard Houses:

The formal courtyard house, one household and one house, the plane layout can be large or small. The owner of the house can build according to the size of the land area and the number of people in the family, so small that there can be only one entrance, large can be three or four entrances, and two quadrangle wide courtyards can be built with a cross courtyard. The small one has 13 rooms; For the first or second hospital, there are 25 to 40 rooms. The back wall of the wing house is a courtyard wall, and the corner is built with a brick wall. The large courtyard is surrounded from the outside by a wall with tall walls and no windows to show its secrecy. In terms of system, many palaces and temples were also designed and built according to the layout of the courtyard.

The smallest one enters the courtyard, enters the street door directly is the yard, runs through the central axis, the houses are single-storey, surrounded by the inverted seat room, the main house, and the wing room, in which the north room is the main house, the house in the east and west directions is the wing room, and the south door is open to the north, so it is called the "inverted seat house". Flowers and fruit trees are planted in the courtyard for viewing.

The two-entry courtyard is divided into the front yard and the back yard, and the back yard is also called the inner house. The front yard is composed of gatehouse and inverted seat room, the one that connects the front and back yards is generally the hanging flower door, some relatively simple residences use the moon gate, and the backyard is composed of east and west wings, main houses and verandahs. There are also two-entry courtyards, such as the former residence of Mao Dun in Beijing, which does not separate the front yard from the hanging flower door, but adds a backyard behind the main house to build a back cover house for female dependents to live in.

The complete courtyard is a three-entry courtyard, the first courtyard is the narrow courtyard where the inverted seat house dwells before the hanging flower door, the second courtyard is composed of a wing room, the main room, and a verandah, the main house and the wing room can also add an ear room, the third courtyard is the rear cover room after the main house, and a door is opened in the ear room of the landlord's side, connecting the second and third courtyards. In the whole courtyard, the old man lives in the north room (upper room), the middle is the large living room (middle hall room), the eldest son lives in the east room, the second son lives in the west room, the servant lives in the inverted seat room, and the daughter lives in the backyard, which does not affect each other. This also reflects the influence of traditional Chinese culture and philosophy.

There are many combinations of four and five courtyards, usually in the form of "front hall and back bed". The first courtyard is the same as the third courtyard, the second courtyard is the hall room and the east and west wing room for external use, and then set up a hanging flower door, form the third courtyard between the hall room and this hanging flower door, and the fourth courtyard where the main house and the wing room are located after the hanging flower door, is the main courtyard. If there is a rear cover room in the back, it constitutes the fifth courtyard. There are also a row of south houses built on the north side of the inverted house, and the courtyard is formed by four or five entrances.

The largest depth of the courtyard houses in Beijing is the distance between the two hutongs, about 77 meters, and some of the more luxurious courtyards even have gardens and rockeries. According to Feng Shui, the southwest is the "land of five ghosts", and the toilet can be used to calm the white tiger with filth, from a practical point of view, the toilet is built in the southwest to adapt to the northwest-southeast wind direction, which can prevent the odor from spreading in the courtyard, but most of the residents go to the toilet in the "official toilet" in the alley, which is now called the public toilet.

The courtyard is composed of many single buildings, including the gate, the main house, the wing room, and so on.

It took a long time to determine that this is a standard five-entry courtyard, which is a "front hall and back bed" style. First of all, I lamented that the life of the rich and noble families in the Song Dynasty was really luxurious, and at the same time, I was secretly happy, and I was happy to be able to live here and study the specifications and changes of ancient houses. In this way, I walked to the gate, the gate is also called the street gate, the house door, it is the passage of communication between the courtyard and the outside world, it is generally built on the southeast side of the whole courtyard, in order to take the meaning of "purple gas from the east", it is also said that it occupies the Xun position in the gossip, that is, the wind position, is the position where the wind blows in and run, in order to introduce the southeast wind, block the northwest wind in winter, it is an auspicious position, and embodies the principle of "Kan Zhai Xunmen". The gate is a typical ruyi gate (build a wall at the position of the eaves pillar, and open a small door in the wall), it seems that the parents are still very cautious to know that the wealth is not exposed. Otherwise, it's not just the outside land that people will make up their minds.

Looking back at the shadow wall, the shadow wall is usually used in the courtyard to block the line of sight, beautify the realization and highlight the role of the gate, usually made of bricks, composed of three parts: seat, body and top, the seat has a Sumeru seat, and there is a simple no seat. The gate of the courtyard sometimes steps back a few steps back to build a figure of eight wall on the left and right of the gate, which is called the swallow wing shadow wall and the shadow wall of the skimmer. There is generally a shadow wall in the gate of the courtyard, which is generally inlaid on the gable wall of the top of the east wing, and there are also courtyards with higher specifications, using independent shadow walls. The shadow wall is also placed in the street outside the gate of the courtyard house, and it is located directly opposite the gate.

The central area of the shadow wall is called the center of the shadow wall, which is usually made of square bricks placed at an angle of 45 degrees, and the simple shadow wall may not have any decoration, but it must also grind the bricks to the joints very neatly, and the luxurious shadow wall is usually decorated with brick carvings with many auspicious patterns. The brick carvings on the shadow wall wall mainly have the center and four corners of the central area, and there are also mixed owls and beads in the places that intersect with the roof. The central brick is carved with a central flower and a fork in the center of the wall, and a brick plaque with the word Fushou is inlaid in the center of the shadow wall, or a brick carving with auspicious meaning.

The roof of the shadow wall is generally the same as the roof, although it is made of bricks, the roof of the shadow wall is also carved out of bricks, and the roof of the clear water ridge or roll shed ridge is set on it.