Lushunkou, inside the ancient villa of Wuhao.

Dedicated to the country and the people, regardless of personal gains and losses, the Confucian sage Wu Haogu wore a Confucian costume and sat quietly in a spacious room on the top floor of the villa. A cup of tea, there was no heat in front of him. His brow furrowed, and his eyes just looked at the surging sea not far away, as if he was thinking about something.

Murong Wangwu, Ma Renwang, Lu Haowen, Lu Benzhong, Zhang Zhifeng, Zhang Zhixing, Lin Lingzhi, Fan Zhiwen and other Confucian scholars in the north, as well as Su Dongpo's two sons Su Yu and Su Guo, as well as Li Gang, who had just taken refuge in Wu Haogu, sat in two columns on the left and right of Wu Haogu. One after another, they are expressing their opinions, all about the republican institutional arrangements.

Su Guo's son, Su Yan, recorded everyone's speeches one by one on the side.

These people are all members of Wu Haogu's political and diplomatic think tank, so they naturally understand Wu Haogu's thoughts, and they don't persuade them. Instead, he was planning for Wu Haogu how to properly arrange the various systems of the republic.

Don't underestimate the importance of institutional arrangements in the founding era to the future development of the country!

The founding era was a blank slate, there were not so many interest groups obstructing and making things bad, and the authority of the leaders of the founding generation was not comparable to that of later generations. The rules they set are, in Chinese terms, ancestral family laws, and it is very difficult for future generations to make drastic changes!

For example, Zhao Song's "Wen Yuwu" and "Preferential Treatment of Scholars", Zhu Ming's "Beggars and Military Slaves" and "The Burden of Vassal Kings", the Manchu Dynasty's "Eight Banners", and the United States on the other side of the ocean Everyone has guns, all of which are rules set by the ancestors. It is very difficult for future generations to reform.

Therefore, Wu Haogu, who became his ancestor, must be cautious now, and cannot leave a lot of evils that are difficult to get rid of to the latecomers of the republic.

Otherwise, the first republic in China's history will not last long......

The proposals put forward by the few people who are sitting down today are mainly focused on the distribution of power in the republic.

Power is advantageous, and the inheritance of power is the inheritance of wealth!

What Wu Haogu wanted to establish was a bourgeois republic, and naturally he could not be impartial.

Therefore, Wu Haogu has always only mentioned that "the world is for the public, and the selection of talents and abilities" does not talk about "the evil is abandoned on the ground, and there is no need to hide it in yourself; The power does not come from the body, and it does not have to be for oneself." "Don't hide it for yourself" and "don't have to do it for yourself" are not in line with the core values of capitalism, and it will not be possible until the socialist New China more than 800 years later.

Therefore, the premise of selecting talents and abilities in the ancient world is "for oneself" and "for selfishness". To serve the public is to recognize one's own selfishness and the selfishness of others, rather than dedicating one's own "selfishness" or depriving others of their "selfishness".

And this "private" is not limited to private property, but also includes personal political power.

Although later generations recognized the privatization of power as the root cause of corruption, Wu Haogu now has no way to turn power into a public weapon, and can only recognize the status quo of partial private ownership of power.

"The persuasion of the Senate is nothing more than someone who wants to be the founder of the country and wants to pass on the power in his hands to his children and grandchildren."

Wu Haogu suddenly opened his mouth and interrupted Zhang Zhifeng, who was speaking, "This kind of selfishness is also human nature...... We did not create a republic to turn the private into the public, but to merge the private interests of all into the common good. And the selfishness of many people, more or less, is not equal to everyone. When we create a republic, we must take it into account. ”

"What the ruling says is extremely true!" Zhang Zhifeng took over the topic, "The republic of Yandi and Liaodi began in Jiehe Commercial City, and its root is a joint stock chamber of commerce. The shareholders of the Chamber of Commerce are large and small, and the right to speak is also different. If you want to be equal, it will be unfair to those who contribute more. All the patriarchs have a large share, so naturally they cannot be equated with ordinary citizens. ”

Lu Benzhong nodded, "Yes, yes, what the elders are worried about is nothing more than that their shareholding is not recognized, and they will suffer a loss when the republic is established." ”

Zhang Zhixing, the scholar of Tianjin Yuntai Academy, shook his head slightly, "But we can't let the veteran heroes occupy too much and divide the republic." After all, our republic was built with 300,000 soldiers and knights with a knife and a shot! If the people above eat up the oil and water, the people below will be unmotivated. ”

Fan Zhiwen said: "That's not it, even if some of the elders have such an idea, the ruling party will not agree." ”

Lin Lingzhi, the secretary of the Yuntai Academy of Nature, asked: "It is impossible to live forever in power, what should I do after I take power?" ”

"It's easy to do!" Wu Haogu frowned and took over the topic, "The elders don't all have to be elected by the citizens as a whole, they can be partly hereditary and partly elected. In this way, the interests of the subordinate heroes can be protected by the hereditary patriarchs. The interests of the Yuntai Scholars, the Knights of the Imperial Soldiers, and the merchants of Tianjin can be protected by electing the elders. The balance between the two should allow the republic to maintain long-term peace and stability. ”

This is just the design of the upper and lower houses commonly used in the early years of Western monarchies, the upper house is spoken by the nobles, and the lower house is elected by the citizens. In this way, everyone will be represented in the parliament, and they will be able to make do with maintaining the unity of the country.

"Ruling the country," Murong Wangwu asked with a frown, "how can the patriarch be hereditary?" Do you want to pass it on from father to son? Isn't that right? Lao Tzu's ability to be a good veteran does not mean that his son can do it! ”

It is indeed not good to pass on from father to son, and the patriarch is not a knighthood, it is done by professional politicians. If a simple hereditary inheritance is carried out, or a few generations, the hereditary patriarchs will either mislead the country and the people, or become vases.

"It's true that it can't be hereditary like this," Wu Haogu thought for a while, "The name of the hereditary patriarch is not appropriate, it can be changed to a noble patriarch." The noble elders should be nominated by the noble families.

And the noble families can get a different number of noble citizens according to the size of the merit. Noble citizens are elected by the noble elders. ”

"Honorable citizen?" The horseman asked, "Citizens are also going to be divided into three, six, nine, and so on?" ”

Wu Haogu thought for a moment and nodded again, "That's right!" Citizens should also have hierarchies...... Our citizens, similar to the military merit and the people in the Warring States period, the military merit and the people are hierarchical, otherwise how to promote farming and warfare?

If we want to use citizenship to encourage soldiers to levy taxes in war, then we should also set up a few more levels and let them be promoted one level at a time. ”

"How many levels should it be?" The centaur asked again.

Wu Haogu thought for a while: "Don't divide it too carefully...... There are too many twenty-level military meritorious lords like the Qin State. Let's divide it into several levels, the highest level is the first level of the Father's Citizen, the second level is the Noble Citizen, the next level is the Noble Citizen, the next level is the Lifelong Citizen, then the Temporary Citizen, and the lowest level is the Alternate Citizen. There are six levels in total. ”

"What's the difference between a sixth-level citizen?"

Wu Haogu said: "First of all, there is a difference in the substitution, the eldest son of the Yuan Zun citizen can be exempted from the substitution and continue to retain the status of the Yuan Zun citizen. The eldest sons of the remaining fifth-class citizens must be surrendered, and the noble citizens become noble citizens, and the noble citizens are reduced to lifelong citizens, and so on.

The rest of the sons of the Father's Citizens may be demoted to the rank of Honorable Citizen. And the rest of the sons of nobles, nobles, and lifelong citizens must be reduced to two ranks.

The children of temporary citizens and alternate citizens have no citizenship to inherit and are only commoners.

In addition, the citizenship of temporary citizens is time-limited, and when the time limit expires, they are automatically demoted to alternate citizens. ”

Citizenship can be subdued, and there can be a time limit......

And everyone present actually thinks it is reasonable!

They all regard the sixth-level citizen as a noble title! Since it is a knighthood, of course it has to be lowered.

Moreover, all of them can be mixed with noble citizens, and they have their own eldest sons to inherit, and they will be rich and noble for a long time. So Wu Haogu's method is very reasonable!

Wu Haogu continued: "The second is to elect the elders. The number of Fathers, Nobles, and Nobles is small, but the number of Lords and Elders elected by them is equal in number to the Ordinary Patriarchs.

In addition, there should also be a difference in the right to vote between the citizens of the fathers and the nobles, one vote of the fathers is equal to two votes of the nobles, and four votes of the nobles and citizens.

There are many permanent citizens and temporary citizens, and the number of ordinary senators elected is also equal to that of noble senators. But their right to vote is unanimous, regardless of whether it is permanent or temporary. Compared with the father-in-law citizens and noble citizens, there is naturally less right to speak.

As for the alternate citizens, they do not have the right to vote. ”

"And what rights do alternate citizens have?" Someone asked right away.

"Alternate citizens can serve as low-level officials, and sons can study in Mongolia for free." Wu Hao Gudao, "Alternate citizens should be awarded to newly graduated Yuntai Bachelors, government soldiers, cavalry and sailors whose merits are not enough to become lifelong citizens, and those who fail to maintain temporary citizenship and are demoted after expiration."

Temporary citizens, on the other hand, are promoted from alternate citizens, or from more senior citizens. Temporary citizens have citizenship for a limited period of time, and must maintain citizenship through military service and paying taxes, or be promoted to lifelong citizenship through meritorious service, tax payment, and donation...... Not only temporary citizens can be upgraded through meritorious service, tax payment, and donation, but other citizens at all levels can be upgraded through these three methods until they become Yuan Citizens!

In addition to electing the senators and members of the state and city councils, the rights of temporary citizens also have certain tax exemptions and exemptions. As long as the government soldiers and cavalrymen have the right to be a temporary citizen or above, they do not have to pay taxes. Individuals and a certain number of family members are also exempt from household tax, and a certain number of family members are exempt from paying exemption money.

After becoming a citizen for life, all the rights enjoyed by a temporary citizen can be enjoyed by a citizen for life. In addition, life citizens can hold more senior public office. You can also run for the rank of Elder Citizen.

As for aristocratic citizens, in addition to the rights enjoyed by lifelong citizens, they can also run for aristocratic senators (nobles can also choose ordinary senators), and their sons can be given priority to enter military academies such as knight elementary schools, knight academies, and naval academies......"

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