Chapter 16: The Suffering of the People—The Government Expropriates and Extorts Money

After training for a long time, Yang Lin felt more and more the mystery of the mandarin duck formation, and slowly integrated into it.

Every morning running, then drilling, before the sun sets, each team selects five people to compete in the ring, selects the training champion of the day, and learns in the evening.

Generally, it will be taught for half an hour, then discussed, and finally each team will study separately and be assessed the next morning.

On this day, the old Chinese medicine explained the structure of the human body, the heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys, and the acupoints of the human body.

When the topic comes to killing pigs, everyone is interested, and they will kill pigs every year, and everyone can talk about interesting things about killing pigs.

Some stabbed several times in a row, and they didn't stop getting angry at all.

Some pigs were able to run down from the board and run a few laps at all.

……

Seeing everyone's eyebrows fluttering and becoming interested, Yang Lin asked with a smile: "Brothers, think about it, killing pigs is still like this, is it easy to kill people on the battlefield?"

If you don't understand the simple structure of the human body and don't know how to kill the enemy on the battlefield, even if you are extremely brave on the battlefield, can you kill the enemy and make meritorious contributions? ”

Everyone was interested, everyone talked about it, especially the brothers who participated in the siege and annihilation of the local tyrants, last time there were a few bandits who were injured but still jumping alive and did not fall down at all.

Everyone has summarized and practiced several key points of the human body, such as the throat, temples, heart, neck, left and right chest, and crotch, and these things are basically lifeless when injured.

Such as thighs, big feet, stomach, these places are injured and do not move freely at all.

……

Practicing all day and night, anyway, there are many practitioners in the township, and everyone brainstorms and slowly explores a set of practical tactical methods.

It was the middle of June, the weather was still very hot, and this morning everyone was training next to the market, and a head (the head of the third class of the yamen) broke into the camp with two officials, claiming that Li Yitian, the lord of Zhizhou, had arrived at the market and asked Yang Lin to meet him immediately.

Zhizhou Li Yitian came to collect the field and gave Ding Fu, everyone knows it, and a few days ago, the warden came majestically with a cadre of officials.

It is natural for farmers to pay grain, and it is even more reasonable for the warden to come to collect the land and the dingfu.

Sichuan is the country of abundance, and the tax is higher, which is higher than many places in the country.

Now the imperial court has increased the three salaries, coupled with the government's apportionment, the rice per mu of land has increased from 5 liters to 2 buckets, and the dryland wheat has increased from 3 liters to 1 bucket, and the people are miserable.

The soldiers belong to the mass spontaneous organization, and many of the team members are from peasant families, and everyone opposes the expropriation and extortion of government officials.

Yang Lin repeatedly warned everyone not to mess with those officials, and these team members were also very restrained, but the villagers below were not like this.

The army is very powerful, but the villagers are not easy to mess with, everyone even dares to kill and set fire to the local tyrants, not to mention these officials who oppress the people?

I don't know who first advocated it, and then slowly agreed to become a custom, everyone is only willing to pay according to the standard of the imperial court's three salaries, and oppose the government's apportionment.

The government servants, foxes, fake tigers, and dogs are used to fighting people, and when they saw these lowly villagers actually talking to themselves one by one about the policies of the imperial court, they began to arrest people after they couldn't stand it.

How could the villagers be relenting, everyone surrounded each other with hoes and shovels, and the warden even sent people to the soldiers to ask for support.

At this time, the team members in the soldiers were also very annoyed, and everyone surrounded Yang Lin and the warden, saying that they were unwilling to go to the countryside to arrest people.

Although the warden knew that it was Yang Lin's ghost, he had nothing to do, so he had to agree to lead a group of officials and servants to leave.

Since then, Yang Lin's reputation for taking the lead in resisting donations has begun to spread, and the squires in other places have followed suit, and now Li Yitian of Zhizhou led a group of people to Luojiabao in a mighty manner, which is to kill chickens and monkeys, and to punish everyone.

Yang Lin didn't believe that Lang Lang Qiankun dared to mess around, and came to the market to enter the Luo family's compound regardless of everyone's obstruction, and the villagers followed in groups for fear of losing money.

At this time, the Luo family compound had already been three steps, one post, five steps and one sentry, like a great enemy, Zhizhou Li Yitian was sitting in a precarious position, and the officials on both sides stood in a row on both sides, and when he saw Yang Lin enter the courtyard, he shouted "mighty".

Yang Lin felt amused, straightened his clothes, walked to the middle of the courtyard to tidy up his clothes, and then arched his hand: "I've seen adults." ”

Li Yitian was furious, and slapped the case a few times: "The bold fanatic committed a rebellion, why didn't he kneel when he saw the official?" ”

Yang Lin stood with his head held high, shook his head and said: "The adults are above, the students are state scholars, and they are talents, so it can be seen that the officials do not kneel." ”

Li Yitian said coldly: "The governor took you as a talent when he was a student and politician, and when he participated in the township examination, he took you as a tribute, don't think that if you can get along with the governor, you don't know that the governor is worried about your affairs now."

Governor Chen Shiqi Chen is stationed in Shunqing Mansion City, and he is dispatching troops to exterminate the local tyrants, and when he hears that you are inciting the people to resist the payment of taxes, he will ask the official to strictly investigate it.

This is the official document of the governor's yamen, you, do you want to see it? ”

After being reminded by the other party, Yang Lin suddenly realized that the show was the governor Chen Shiqi who was doing schooling, and the identity of the tribute was also given by the other party.

Although he was happy, Yang Lin still retorted in a loud voice: "My lord Mingjian, farming and grain are right, and the students tell everyone every once in a while, now the four seas are uneven, and the Liaodong Tartars are approaching the Beijing division several times, Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong and other rogues are even more chaotic, plus there are local tyrants in northern Sichuan, and the state affairs are difficult, and now the harvest in the field is not good, and we have to pay the imperial court taxes on time and in quantity." ”

Li Yitian sneered: "The bold fanatics are still quibbling, do you want the official to pass on the witnesses before you are convinced?" ”

Yang Lin shook his head and said: "The student stands up to the sky and has a clear conscience. ”

The witness was Luo Jiatan's dog-legged Ziji Sangou, who happily came to the lobby and said: "My lord, this Yang Lin is really a hypocrite, how much effort did everyone make to make him the chief of Luojiabao.

Now he is actually ungrateful and goes against adults, he is really a villain.

Yang Lin said that those who occupy the mountains for the king of the land and the tyrants levied on the surrounding villagers are only at most 2 buckets, and the dry land is only 1 bucket at most, and the government is the same as the local tyrants.

This is why when the warden led the eldest brothers of the Yamen to the countryside to collect money, everyone was only willing to pay summer grain according to six liters of wheat per mu. ”

In addition to the rumors that the local thugs distributed food to the surrounding people, the other Yang Lin certainly would not deny it.

In the past, although it was rumored in the society that the government was expropriating and stealing, but there was no evidence, since he became the chief of Luojiabao, the actual amount of grain collection over the years is still there, and now I hear Ji Sangou say this, not only not annoyed, but admit it on the spot.

Li Yitian, who stared at Zhizhou in the middle of the lobby, shook his head and said, "Not only will I not deny this, but there are still too many unknowns in my heart that I want to ask adults."

In the past few days, I have checked the account books of the ten miles around Luojiabao over the years, checked the account books reported by the government to the prefect's yamen, and hoped that the adults would correct if there were any mistakes. ”

Above the lobby, Yang Lin was like a treasure, the more he said, the higher his voice was, and the more he said, the more angry he became.

In the Ming Dynasty, in addition to paying the field tax, the people also had to serve the levy, and after Zhang Juzheng implemented a whip law, the levy was divided into Zhuangtian and Ding Fu, and the levy tax in the southern provinces accounted for almost 60-90% of the tax amount, and in the northern provinces it was about 10%. (Based on Huang Renyu's "The Fiscal Taxation of the Ming Dynasty in the Sixteenth Century")

In the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu (1393), the surrounding areas of Luojiabao paid 200 quintals of summer grain and autumn grain, and Ding Fu 20 taels of silver, while the entire Xiangru County paid no more than 1,000 taels of land to the imperial court a year, and Ding Fu did not pay more than 100 taels. (After the war between the late Southern Song Dynasty and the last years of the Ming Dynasty, the population of Sichuan decreased sharply, and with the reunification, many of the population were not included.) At that time, the official statistics were only 450 households and 4,500 people in the county. )

In the eighteenth year of Jiajing (1533), Luojiabao paid 1,000 quintals of summer grain and autumn grain, and Ding Fu 100 taels of silver, while the entire Xiangru County wanted the imperial court to pay only 4,000 taels of land and Ding Fu only 500 taels of silver, and Luojiabao's tax accounted for a quarter of the county. (According to official statistics at that time, the number of households in Xiangru County was more than 2,000, with a population of 19,917)

In the sixteenth year of Wanli (1588), after the imperial court re-cleared the land, Luojiabao paddy field 10,000 mu of dry land 30,000 mu for a total of 40,000 mu, heavy apportionment, paddy field per mu is assigned from 5 liters of rice to 8 liters, dry land per mu is assigned from 3 liters to 5 liters, 2,300 quintals a year, 64% more than the positive endowment.

(According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty" and the "Records of Taizu", the imperial court stipulated that the official field was given five liters of three in five spoons, the private field was reduced by two liters, and the heavily rented field was eight liters and five in five spoons, and there was no official field with one bucket and two liters, considering that the harvest of paddy fields and dry land was different, so this book adopts the simplest calculation method, and the paddy field endowment before apportionment is 5 liters, and the dry land is 3 liters)

According to Huang Renyu's "The Financial Taxation of the Ming Dynasty in the Sixteenth Century", after the land was cleared in the sixteenth year of Wanli, the land area of Sichuan increased from 13 million mu to 40 million mu.

I have compared the tax mu of the Ming Dynasty in each province with the cultivated land area of the contemporary provinces, the highest in the main provinces is Jiangxi Province, and the contemporary cultivated land area accounts for 86.57% of the tax mu area in the Ming Dynasty, reflecting that Jiangxi has been fully developed in the Ming Dynasty, and the lowest in Sichuan.

(Including today's Sichuan and Lingqing, 7.36% before the adjustment, and 21.84% after the adjustment of the cultivated land area from 13 million mu to 40 million mu), Shaanxi (including today's Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia) 18.15%, Zhejiang 36.1%.

Even if calculated according to Zhejiang, which has the lowest tax-mu ratio (Zhejiang is mountainous and Sichuan is densely hilly, and the situation is similar in both places), the cultivated area of today's Si Chunqing in the Ming Dynasty was 65 million mu.

The area of Xiangru County is about 1,330 square kilometers, the cultivated land area is calculated according to 15%, the cultivated land area is about 300,000 mu (and 540,000 mu in modern times), and there are seven forts in the county. )

During the Chongzhen period, the imperial court added three salaries, 2 cents and 5 cents per mu, but it was equivalent to 3 liters and 4 liters of rice and wheat in the market, but after the government apportioned it layer by layer, the paddy field plus the three salaries were only 9 liters, and the government received 2 buckets, which was twice as much as the rating.

After adding three salaries to dry land, the positive endowment is no more than 5 liters, while the government levies 1 dou, which is twice as much as the imperial court's quota.

Last year, 5,000 quintals of paddy were collected from Luojiabao.

This is only the government levy, in addition to the government to implement a whip law does not collect only two cashiers, concentrated in those months, the people are a little slow not to go to the house to uncover the tiles, or to morning glory, everyone is forced to have no choice but to sell the grain to the grain merchants, a load of grain on weekdays can be worth 5 yuan of silver, the day of the government collection is only 4 yuan.

Coupled with the difference in silver and weight, the people handed over more than 2 buckets of grain per mu of paddy field, and 1 bucket of dry land?

An acre of paddy field can harvest 2 quintals of 5 buckets of grain if the wind and rain are smooth, and 6 buckets of rice can be milled with labor, and the countrymen can harvest only 1 quintal of 5 buckets of rice in a year, while the government has to levy 2 buckets, with a nominal tax of 13%, and the actual tax is close to 20%. (The price of grain was cheap at the time of collection, plus the depreciation of silver)

Chinese people are often the silent majority, just like Lu Xun said either die in silence, or break out in silence, today listening to Yang Lin say this, quite a number of relatives and friends can not hand over food to flee the famine, everyone anger can be imagined.

Li Yitian was extremely annoyed, he didn't expect Yang Lin to turn over everyone's old bottom this time, and tell everyone clearly and unmistakably that the government has always levied and extorted money and grain, and the government actually collected money and grain from ordinary people at least three times the quota of the imperial court.

Although he has been an official for several years, he is a person from other provinces after all, and he mainly controls the local area through officials and gentry, and now he is quite annoyed when he encounters local squires making trouble.

Annoyed and ashamed, Li Yitian actually wanted to detain Yang Lin in public, but Luojiabao was the base camp of the Li soldiers, and there were angry villagers everywhere, although the government officials were able to bully the people in the past, but now there are villagers everywhere and the soldiers dare not move at all.

Some villagers rushed inside desperately to rescue Yang Lin, and some even brandished weapons and bluntly said that they wanted to kill Li Yitian, a dog official, to eliminate harm for the people.

The inner three floors and the outer three floors were full of people, and the officials couldn't stop it at all, Li Yitian dared to play official power at first, but seeing that the people were so angry, he hurriedly hid behind Yang Lin and asked to appease everyone

Although the Ming Dynasty was about to die, the Liaodong Tatars were divided into the Central Plains, Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong and other rogues haunted northern Sichuan, and there were Yao loess riots, but Yang Lin did not want to commit the crime of killing officials and rebelling, so he immediately persuaded everyone to let the other party sign and leave.