"Your Royal Highness, I am Brown, the British mechanic introduced by George. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 infoThis time, I'll help you set up a machine shop. A foreigner in his forties, with a thick black beard and a tall and thin man, took the initiative to greet Feng Yunshan.

According to Brown himself, he was an Anglo-Irishman, a mechanic, who had managed two large machine shops in England, and in 1851 he also invented the vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.025 mm. It's just that no one understands and values his inventions.

"What? Vernier calipers were invented by you? Feng Yunshan asked in surprise in his not very proficient English, his usual daily greeting was okay, but when it came to vernier calipers, he was very rusty.

"Exactly! Why, His Highness the Holy King also knows vernier calipers? Brown asked curiously.

"No, I just think it's weird! The king is in great need of these measurements at the moment, so he is sensitive when he hears rulers and the like. Feng Yunshan explained casually. In fact, in his heart, it was undoubtedly shocking.

In this era, the person who can invent the vernier caliper is really an expert in this area. In addition, this Brown also managed a large machine factory, which is exactly the kind of professional talent that Nanyang needed to set up a machine factory.

As a result, Feng Yunshan directly crossed over Wu Chongyao and appointed Brown as the director of Nanyang Company's No. 1 Machinery Factory, and led the standardization of measurement units in Shengguo.

Finally, Feng Yunshan got the standard length of one meter from Brown's side.

As an expert in mechanics, Brown was very familiar with these standards, and in April 1795 the French government issued an order to adopt the metric system (metric), but it was not completed until 1799, and the standard value of one meter was determined, and countries such as Britain and the United States also began to adopt the standard of the French meter. He carried a steel ruler with him, which was one meter long.

And, in addition to the length, there was also weight, and Brown carried a pound of gold with him, which he said was a pound weight.

Feng Yunshan then thought that it turned out that at this time, the weight standard of kilograms had not yet appeared in the whole world, and British and American countries still used pounds as a unit of weight. However, Feng Yunshan doesn't like to use this pound, he still wants to use the original kilogram system to get used to it.

But Brown did not have a kilogram standard at all, and Feng Yunshan suddenly remembered that this kilogram standard would not be formulated until after the French Revolution at the end of the 18th century. In this way, this standard that has not appeared has to be formulated by itself?

Feng Yunshan thought about it, so he asked Brown to make a wet wooden box, requiring the length, width and height to be one-tenth of a meter, so that the volume of the wooden box is one thousandth of an equal decimeter, and then pour in the well water at a lower temperature, and the weight obtained is defined as one kilogram.

Brown was shocked and couldn't help but praise in admiration: "Holy King, this kilogram you formulated is completely in line with this metric standard, Brown feels much stronger than the pound, and in the future, it will definitely be popular!" ”

Feng Yunshan couldn't help but glance at this Brown, and sure enough, he was a mechanical expert who could invent vernier calipers, and he had a unique vision.

Soon, the Holy King's Mansion issued the Holy King's Decree, officially announcing the implementation of the standard system of weights and measures throughout the Holy Kingdom. All formal transactions, standards, are the use of the Holy King's Mansion promulgated by the standards of weights and measures, but it is only a strong implementation, Feng Yunshan decided to take one year as the time limit, one year will not be punished for the use of the old system standards, but one year later, if there is a use of the old system, once found, will be punished according to the situation.

The first is the length standard, which is based on the meter ruler brought by Brown as the standard length and implements the metric standard. All length measurements are measured in meters, from small to large, with millimeters of thousandths of a meter, hundredths of a centimeter, tenths of a decimeter, meters, kilometers of kilometers. Usually the folk say that one foot is one-third of a meter; One step is 1.5 meters, and a mile road is not a thousand and 300 steps totaling 450 meters, but adding 50 meters for a total of 500 meters.

The second is the weight standard. With kilograms as the basic unit, the weight of cold water in the container with length, width and height is one-tenth of a meter, which is also called one kilogram, and all the weights are realized in kilograms. From small to large, there are kilograms, grams, kilograms, kilograms and other weight units for approval.

The folk catty, tael, money, centi, etc., correspond to 500 grams, 50 grams, 5 grams, etc. at a time to calculate and measure, no longer the previous 600 grams of a catty and the like.

Moreover, in the future, the weight of similar grains will no longer be calculated by volume, but by weight. For example, a stone of grain is roughly 60 kilograms, which is calculated according to the actual weighing.

The third is the time standard.

Feng Yunshan stipulated in the Holy King's Decree that among the 12 hours of the day, each hour is divided into 2 hours, and a total of 24 hours. The hour, on the other hand, is divided into 60 minutes, and the minute is divided into 60 seconds. A quarter of an hour is 15 minutes, 900 seconds.

Fourth, temperature standards.

The palace stipulates that the temperature at which the water is half frozen and half ice and half water is 0 degrees. The temperature at which water boils and vaporizes at sea level is 100 degrees Celsius, and the approximate temperature of the human body can be measured at around 37 degrees Celsius.

After establishing these four metrics, Feng Yunshan was relieved. The implementation of the international system of units in later generations was mainly to unify standards and facilitate the establishment of a complete industrial system.

Recently, Feng Yunshan wants to build modern industries in the Holy Country, from factories to workshops of various types of machinery manufacturing, textiles, military and other industries. But he suddenly found that not to mention the Holy Kingdom, even the Manchu Qing Dynasty did not have a suitable measurement standard with the modern world, only rough length units such as li, step, zhang, ruler, inch, etc., there are traditional weight units such as jin and two, as well as volume units such as buckets and liters, but they cannot be easily converted with the measurements of foreigners.

So, Feng Yunshan thought of the standard unification of weights and measures. Only by establishing a unified standard of weights and measures can it be possible to develop a fine industrial system, cultivate talents in batches, and have unified standard parts that can be used in the entire industry.

One of the reasons why the United States suddenly developed at the end of the nineteenth century and became an economic power was that it took the lead in establishing a standardization system, and all manufacturing industries adopted unified standards, and there were unified standard parts for machinery and equipment maintenance, which was very convenient.

And the reason why this standard part can meet the requirements is through standard weights and measures.

The performance indicators such as model size, size, and weight of the parts meet the requirements under the accounting of standard measurements, and the quality of the parts is easily standardized.

Therefore, in the "Nanfang Daily" in the past few days, a special column has been opened to carry out the standardization and explanation of weights and measures, and call on all kinds of craftsmen and ordinary people in the Holy Country to adopt the new holy system standards of the Holy Country: meters, kilograms, minutes and seconds, and degrees. (To be continued.) )