Yang Wenli's steelmaking is unique, and there is also a crucible method in history. In fact, both iron and steel are different chemical states of the element iron. The difference is that iron does not contain carbon or contains a lot of carbon, and true pure iron is carbon-free and has a soft texture.

Steel, on the other hand, is a general term for iron-carbon compounds with a carbon content between 0.02 and 2.11 percentages. That is, as long as the carbon content is between this value, it is steel, and vice versa.

The ancients used the soil method to smelt iron, and the steel obtained by hitting with an iron hammer is actually pure iron, the carbon content is very low, and it becomes steel after the carburizing process in the later stage, but the output is too low, very time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the quality is actually not much worse than the current ordinary steel.

Crucible steelmaking yields soft steel with pure quality and very low carbon content. This is because the molten iron and carbon are completely isolated, avoiding the infiltration of the harmful elements phosphorus and sulfur in the coal.

Yang Wenli didn't know how to make crucibles, so he bought ready-made crucibles from blacksmiths. Ancient blacksmiths made iron from crucibles, but they didn't understand the difference between iron and steel, and often wasted firepower to smelt pure iron.

Of course, Yang Wenli understands scientific principles, so he has also made a little improvement, on top of the ordinary blacksmith stove, he added a dome-shaped lid made of clay, which can be regarded as a simple reverberatory furnace!

With the cover, the temperature must be higher, and he also took the trouble to add air inlet floor heating, so that the bellows blows into the furnace is hot air, which further increases the temperature of the furnace, so that the molten iron is dazzling bright white, more active, can speed up the tapping time, improve the quality of the molten steel.

The molten steel comes out, and the arrowhead cast with this molten steel is not yet a finished product, because this steel is a mild steel with a very low carbon content and is not durable.

A carburizing process is also needed, and it should be noted that Yang Wenli uses wood charcoal instead of coal or coking coal for steelmaking.

It's not Panke technology, Yang Wenli didn't put that thought into it, and directly used wood charcoal. Wood charcoal has an advantage, that is, it does not contain harmful elements phosphorus and sulfur, and the disadvantage is that the temperature is not as high as coking coal, which is more time-consuming and carbon-intensive, but after Yang Wenli improved the furnace, it is much more advanced than ordinary iron-making furnaces, and the steel-tapping time is also faster.

In fact, if it is not a special steel, there is no need to use coke, because the melting point of iron is only so high, and wood charcoal is completely sufficient.

The iron furnace with wood charcoal has the advantage that when carburizing, there is no need for another furnace, and it is very convenient to throw the cast arrowhead into the furnace for carburizing.

Carburizing does not take long, more than ten minutes is enough, and after taking it out, there is the next step, which is to see the water.

Generally speaking, the best material for seeing water is horse urine, because horse urine contains a small amount of trace metal elements, and after seeing water, a thin layer of alloy is formed on the surface, which can resist oxidation.

But Yang Wenli wouldn't do this, and he couldn't do this, because his family didn't have horses, and the whole south was also very short of horses, so where could he find horse urine?

Now that you know the principle of seeing water, it's easy to do. In fact, there is one thing that is a thousand times better than horse urine, and that is white plaster.

White plaster clay, also known as porcelain clay, is the best clay for firing porcelain enamel, it contains special rare metal elements, can fire a variety of colors of bright glaze.

In fact, white plaster mud is rare earth, which is rich in rare elements. It's just that in the south, it is buried deep in the damp ground, so it is in the form of paste.

Of course, not all white plaster mud is suitable for seeing water, this has to be tried to know, at that time there was no scientific instrument to test the effective ingredients of white plaster, so I had to try one by one.

Yang Wenli's crucible steelmaking method has actually existed in the Ming Dynasty for a long time, that is, the famous Suzhou Iron and Steel, which also uses wood charcoal to make steel, but they know it but don't know what it is, and the quality of the steel is definitely not as good as Yang Wenli's steel, not to mention the arrows after seeing the water with white plaster.

……

Yang Wenli took the completed arrow and looked at it carefully in the palm of his hand, just like looking at a rare treasure, and his heart was full of a sense of achievement.

Yes, these arrows are of higher quality than the sugang as file steel, and they are also very good steel in modern times.

Soft on the inside and the outside, and resistant to oxidation, and then connected with a special Mitsubishi shape, used to break armor, he believes that it will definitely be as easy as breaking water. He finally has an exclusive weapon that is different from others, and he believes that in the face of such an arrowhead, none of them will be named to meet Hades. This is the kind of tone he wants, and only absolute crushing can highlight his advantages as a reborn.

"Young Master, is the arrow qualified? We can make arrows! Yang Renyue, who was still the youngest, was the most anxious, and he couldn't help but ask again.

"Huh! If you are qualified, you can start making arrows. However, making arrows is easy and not simple, and if you order them randomly, you can make several arrows in a minute. If you want to make arrows that shoot accurately, you must do each step carefully, and preferably use molds to make them. Yang Wenli explained and replied with a smile.

"Molds? How to use molds for arrows? It's all ready-made, just dip it and it's done. Yang Renhuang asked him puzzled.

"For example, we can use a piece of wood to carve out a depression just enough to hold the arrow, and then carve a groove in the center of the arrow shaft, so that when the arrow shaft is touched, a set of the mold will just match the standard without deviation.

If you hold it in your hand and dip it casually, can you guarantee that it will be straight every time? Apparently not, right?

There is also a place where you can make just the right thickness at the tail, and the saw is sawed along there, just in the middle of the saw, isn't it convenient?

Including dipping feathers, the same can be used to mold specifications, including later cutting.

Don't underestimate the arrow-making, as long as there is a slight deviation, then you will not be able to shoot accurately, and the arrow may be a few steps away after it is shot. Therefore, we must be meticulous and meticulous, and then find a way to use molds to weigh them, so that we can produce high-quality and qualified arrows. ”

Yang Wenli took the opportunity to give them another good education lesson. The concept of standardization is deeply engraved into their minds.

"Oh! It turns out that making arrows is not easy! Yang Renyue nodded and sighed as if she fully understood.

Of course, these young people understood that Yang Wenli had explained in such detail, so they went together to find a way to make standard molds, and Yang Wenli didn't need to worry about it anymore, saving him a lot of effort.

Each arrow made by this method is as if carved out of a mold, which lays a solid foundation for future precision area strikes, and it will definitely not be possible to replace other arrows, which is the power of science.

…… To be continued