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Zhang Guoan, the owner of the island, built a glass factory in the mountains of the upper reaches of the Badao River. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

This glass factory is relatively secretive, and in the name of forming a formation, he has prepared more than a hundred laborers who have been observed and have been acting more honestly, and he does not need any skills from them.

The whole time and space, where glass could be made, was on an island in Italy.

However, the so-called glass they process is all green, and it is full of bubbles, and the material is not good at all, but the level of craftsmanship is okay, and glass balls can also be processed.

It is not difficult to make a clay tong pot for firing glass, and it is easy for the whole furnace body, but the key question is how to deal with the quartz raw material for making glass.

The glass is green, a plane that even the craftsmen of the island believe cannot be changed.

In fact, it is because the quartz raw material contains a small amount of iron that makes the glass appear green.

Generally, there are two main sources of iron in quartz raw materials, one is the raw material itself, and the other is mixed in the mining and processing process.

For example, in the process of mining, coarse crushing, grinding, transmission, etc., due to the wear, oxidation, corrosion and other mixing of equipment.

At this time, on the one hand, he strictly required that from the mining to the transportation of quartz sand, iron tools were not allowed, and all hardwood tools and sacks were used!

As for the iron contained in the quartz raw material itself, Zhang Guoan did not have large-scale magnetic separation equipment, and the small magnets removed from the tricycle were useless.

Therefore, he can only use chemical methods to remove iron, such as acid leaching.

The reason is simple, quartz is insoluble in acid, while iron-containing general impurity minerals can be dissolved by acid, so that the purpose of removing iron-containing minerals from quartz sand can be achieved.

The acid leaching method not only removes iron-bearing minerals from quartz sand. It has a good removal effect on non-metallic impurities and minerals in quartz, which is more conducive to ensuring the purity of glass raw materials.

Zhang Guoan Island Master tried various acids, and finally found that in quartz sand, the harmful components exist in mineral aggregates rather than pure mineral forms, so the acid leaching effect of mixed acid is better than that of single acid.

Of course. The ratio of sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid and the order of addition also have a great influence on the removal of impurity minerals.

The acid concentration should be suitable, the acid concentration is too low, it takes a long time, the yield is low and the impurity removal effect is not good; Too high an acid concentration will not only increase the cost, but also reduce the quality of the quartz.

At the same time, the acid leaching temperature has a great influence on the removal rate of impurities in quartz.

The lower the temperature, the slower the reaction speed and the longer it takes; The higher the temperature. The volatilization of the acid is then accelerated, which increases the amount of acid.

In addition, the acid leaching time, mineral particle size and slurry stirring all have an impact on the removal effect.

When the impurity content in the product does not meet the requirements after a acid leaching, secondary acid leaching and multiple acid leaching can also be carried out until the impurity iron content meets the requirements.

It took Zhang Guoan a full month to write out the process flow of the basic treatment method of quartz raw materials.

On the day of the start of construction, Zhang Guoan asked the workers to carefully mix the pickled quartz sand and soda ash, plus limestone fine powder, with a hardwood shovel.

Zhang Guoan's clay crucible boiler has only one mouth, and the feed and discharge are at this port. Therefore, this crucible boiler can only be fed at night and then heated in a closed manner. Generally, the newly added material should be melted for more than 8 hours before it can be used, so the feeding cannot be carried out at any time.

They had to wait until they ran out of material before adding it, and the furnace could hold about 500 kilograms of material.

The firing temperature of glass is about 1,300 degrees, so it is easy to meet this requirement with coke and animal power bellows.

The workers are going to have to work harder.

This factory is in much better condition than when it was started a few years ago.

The water here is a red brick building, with a three-metre-high fence wall, defended by a small detachment of guards.

Both the living conditions and the working conditions are good.

Although there is now only one clay tong boiler in the workshop. But as long as this time is successful, a few can be copied immediately, and the places in the workshop are reserved.

Zhang Guoan, the owner of the island, gave the workers here a very high wage, he said, within two years. They can't leave the factory, and after two years, they can walk around as they please.

Zhang Guoan, the owner of the island, did not regard this technique as very important, it was just used to fulfill the promise to the Great Song Dynasty, and it was best to earn more money from the upper class of the Great Song Dynasty.

Now, as he continues to expand, he earns more, but he also spends more.

The cost of raising an army is really huge.

There are only 4,000 troops on the island now, plus a simple military operation, and under the condition that this military operation can also bring benefits to the island, the expenditure on military expenses accounts for more than 20% of the total income!

He really couldn't believe how the military spending of those who claimed to have hundreds of thousands of troops at every turn was solved, and how much it should be!

Of course, he also saw what those Xiang soldiers looked like when they first came here.

At most, there is food to eat, and they are basically in rags.

Therefore, Zhang Guoan, the owner of the island, still has to develop, to earn money, 4,000 soldiers, maybe it is enough to hold one place, but the ------ put into the battlefield is still too little.

At nine o'clock in the evening, the warm-up, feeding, sealing of the furnace, and the lighting of the fire officially began, and several Korean horses began to pull the bellows under the drive.

In order for the normal operation of this animal power bellows, more than 20 horses were raised in this factory, and for the next eight hours or so, the horses could be stopped, but the bellows could not be stopped.

Zhang Guoan, the owner of the island, also asked people to light the annealing furnace, which does not need a bellows, and it can reach about 500 degrees normally.

He did not leave the place that night, and waited here, like the workers, to observe the heating of the clay tongs.

At seven o'clock the next morning, Zhang Guoan, the owner of the island, asked people to open the oven seal, and the frit became a molten glass liquid.

Zhang Guoan used a long copper stirring stick to stir it, and the liquidity was not bad.

At this time, he immediately ordered someone to put sodium sulfate into it through the feeding stick.

This is used to clarify the air bubbles in the liquid glass, depending on the level of agitation, of course.

After the release, in order to ensure the clarification effect, in the initial melting stage of sodium sulfate, it is necessary to maintain two hours of complete agitation to effectively eliminate the bubbles in the glass liquid.

Zhang Guoan, the owner of the island, was wearing sunglasses at this time, and kept stirring clockwise with a specially made stirring stick, and he could see some large bubbles breaking on the surface of the liquid, but this was only the big one, and those bubbles the size of sesame seeds were the most annoying.

After more than half an hour, his whole body was wet------ at this time, he estimated that he could learn this action by the workers, and only then did he allow the workers to take over.

They had already thought about taking it just now, but he didn't let it, because clockwise is clockwise, and they could only stir up the company in one action, a little bit of it, it was all in vain.

He used a bronze mold to die cast glass balls, a material mold that not only makes the cavity wall easy to process and smooth, but also dissipates heat quickly.

The frit drips into the inner cavity of the glass mold at a temperature of about 1100C, cools to below 780C and is removed from the mold.

For this reason, the mold temperature should be reduced to below 780C as soon as possible, in order to meet the requirements of the molding speed, so the heat dissipation capacity of the mold is very important.

Bronze is just the right fit.

The "crystal ball" designed by Zhang Guoan is seven centimeters in diameter and weighs 500 grams.

He picked up a spoonful of about five hundred grams of frit and quickly poured it into the bronze mold.

[It's about to be 515, I hope to continue to hit the 515 red envelope list, and the red envelope rain will be able to give back to readers and promotional works on May 15. A piece is also love, and it must be better! (To be continued.) )