"It is necessary to build a concrete road in Panama." Ferdinand was very concerned about the smooth passage of Panama, which could greatly facilitate the transportation of gold, silver and various goods from Peru and other places to the Caribbean coast by the Spanish treasure convoy.

The 80-kilometer-long cement road across Panama was built with concrete, with a width of 4 meters and a thickness of 20 centimeters, with a total of 64,000 cubic meters of concrete, removing sand and stones, and a total of about 35,000 tons of cement. Approximately one month to two months of Sardinian cement production.

Compared with the "King's Trail", merchants and convoys must feel that the cement road is reliable, so the toll booth of the "highway" is also indispensable. You can't blame Ferdinand for this, even the discipline of the German Empire has been thrown away, and it makes no sense that Spain should defend itself like jade.

Some people may question that the King's Trail crossed by Bei Ye does not look like a suitable place for road construction, and later generations have not seen the Panamanian government build even a cement road?

Actually, that's not how you look at the problem. The main thing is that the Panamanian government is not necessary.

In fact, the Isthmus of Panama has long had railways and roads, and there is more than one, not to mention the Panama Canal. In this case, there is no need to destroy historical sites, otherwise they will become cement roads, and Bei Ye will not come to Panama to shoot?

And if it wasn't suitable for the King's Trail – and Ferdinand really wasn't going to do it – the Spanish government could build a concrete road along the lines of the historic Panamanian Railway, which would make it easier to lay the Isthmus Railroad in the future. Of course, the Panama Railroad is still a thing of the past. By the time the Panama Railway was built, it was estimated that it was already time for the Battle of Lepanto.

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———— dividing line across time and space————

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"As you can see, the sketch behind me is a sketch by Ferdinand the Great of Spain, which shows the cityscape of Oristano and Cagliari at the end of the fifteenth century......"

Of course, Ferdinand did not know that the landscape he drew with his hands would be passed on to future generations, he just painted a random picture, and it was not necessarily accurate or not.

On land (except in the rainforest), pozzolana cement is facing the problem of "drying out" and is useless.

On land and in the city, Portland cement is widely used.

In this regard, the diary of Luis de Santangel is on display in the Cement Museum for reference.

(Voyeurism is of course immoral, don't imitate)

"The Sardinian Cement Road Plan is a development plan proposed by His Majesty the King, connecting the upper and lower reaches of the river, between the factories and the mines, between the city and the country, between the interior and the seaport, between the military base and the pre-set positions...... (June 1, 1494)"

In addition to the Sardinian cement road plan, Ferdinand also set out to fortify the cities of Oristano, Bosa (port) and Cagliari (port).

Not only the city, but the whole of Sardinia will be built into a huge fortress and military base, becoming "the unsinkable turrets and unsinkable sail warships of the western Mediterranean", and Portland cement will be paved all over the streets of the city.

With the huge funds obtained from the sale of food and the dumping (which will not be carried out for the time being), the city of Oristano in Sardinia took the lead in improving the sanitation and drainage systems, the residents were given the obligation to dispose of their garbage in the streets and alleys and in designated places in their houses, public toilets were built, and some poor serfs and unemployed poor people became heroic sacrifices (this is by no means a disgraceful profession, no discrimination), ensuring that the city was at least slightly cleaner, and of course, the greatest credit for this went to the sanitation workers.

The walls were reinforced with concrete, and the fortifications that were too old were torn down and rebuilt. The coastal fortress was built of boulders and concrete, and the Sardinian army, which had grown to 5,000 men, temporarily served as a prospecting party in search of bauxite, which would later be one of Sardinia's most important industries, and there was no shortage of mineral resources. Of course, at this stage, it is not necessary to smelt aluminum, and a lot of materials are needed, for example, cryolite is very important.

"On the seventeenth [June 1494] it was said that a mineral field requested by His Majesty had been discovered in the northern part of the island, and that this mineral, which His Majesty had named 'bauxite', was said to significantly improve the fortifications of the forts and cities on the coast of Sardinia, and that the addition of this mineral to Portland cement would make so-called 'high-alumina cement', which could be used together with steel - we are now in a position to make enough qualified steel - to build a strong fortress sufficient to reach the bombardment, and such a fortress would be built inland...... Excerpt from the diary of Cisneros

"A line of defense based on concrete fortresses and advanced gunnons encircles the entire coast, a second line of defense around the island is integrated into the walls of the city, and a line of defense is set up inland in the middle of the Capitano plain and on the edge of the hills in the east, and there are three main military bases in Sardinia...... I find it hard to imagine Sardinia being threatened by North African pirates or the Ottoman Empire, and if the Sultan wanted to try, we had an eighteen-pounder cannon ready for him to ......" (diary of a Sardinian military chief, 1495)

Barbary pirates and Hayreddin and others were not particularly powerful at this time, and a period of rapid development of North African piracy was after 1500, when Spain expelled the non-converted Moors from Andalusia and Granada conquests from the Iberian Peninsula on a large scale, and since then only the Morisco - the converted Moors have been left on the entire peninsula, but these Moriscos still started a rebellion more than sixty years later, and were dismissed by the Spanish crown throughout the country, which eliminated the threat.

In 1500, the Pacifist rebels were rampaging through Andalusia, turning Andalusia upside down and causing Gonzalo's brother to die in an ambush in the valley.

Of course, it is impossible for the pacifist army to defeat the Spanish royal family, and they were powerless against the kingdom army when they were a powerful pacifist kingdom in the past, let alone now?

The rebellion outside Granada was raging, but in fact failed to break through any of the major cities, and the pacifist army gradually fell into a trough.

In order to sustain food, they brutally burned and plundered Castilian villages.

The nobles wanted to send the plague gods away, so the king and queen negotiated to force the pacifists to move to North Africa, and many of them later became pirates under the command of Khareddin.

Hayreddin was supported by the Ottomans and became the naval commander of the Ottoman Empire.

Ferdinand saw the planning of Sardinia as part of a plan for the defense of the entire Mediterranean island and coast.

After Sardinia becomes a "cement island", the Maltese islands will undergo a similar transformation.

As for the Moors of Andalusia, the native Iberia of the country, they are still waiting to jump into the Strait of Gibraltar.