Chapter 26: Zhuangzi's Theory of All Things, Vernacular Texts (6)

What I'm saying here today, I don't know if it's the same as what other people are talking about? Or is it not the same? The same speech and different speech, since they are both speeches, regardless of their content, are just speeches. Still, I'll try to say what I'm saying.

Everything in the universe has its beginning, and it has a beginning that it has not begun, and there is a beginning that has not begun. At the beginning of the universe, there was such and such a "being", but there was also a "nothing", there was a "nothing" that had never existed, and there was also a "nothing" that had never existed. Suddenly, "being" and "nothingness" are born, but we don't know which is the real "being" and who is the real "nothing" between "being" and "nothing".

(Author's note: This passage is a sermon!) To understand this passage, we need to combine the first and eleventh chapters of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching (modern version). For modern people, this passage of text is more difficult than reading Lao Tzu's "Tao Te Ching" to understand the Tao. )

Before everything in the present universe was formed, there was a whole new world. Before that whole new world, there is a whole new world, endless.

And what we see now, years from now, after countless years, we don't know what will change into something new. And this new thing, after a few years, countless years later, I don't know what new thing it will change. Things change like that, endlessly!

This is what the cosmic world we humans live in, which is constantly changing, and no one knows what it will change into in the future.

People in the future will not know what the universe is like now, just as we do not know what the universe was like before!

This is the Word!

I wonder if my understanding of the Tao is really what I said. Still is? Isn't it as I said?

There is nothing in the world that is bigger than the end of the autumn, and Tarzan is the smallest; Why? Because! The end of the autumn is the end of the autumn and the beginning of something new, according to the change theory of the Tao, perhaps? That new thing is bigger than Tarzan? So! Tarzan is smaller than the end of the Qiuhao.

No one in the world lives longer than a child who dies young, and the legendary longest-lived Peng Zu was short-lived. Why? Because! The death of a child is the end of his life, but it is also the beginning of his transformation into something new. According to the theory of change of the Tao, maybe? That new thing has a longer lifespan than Peng Zu? Peng Zu's lifespan was just a child who died in front of him. So! Peng Zu is not the longest-lived.

According to the theory of the Tao, we all come from the Tao. Therefore, it is said: Heaven and earth coexist with me, and all things are one with me. We are all children of the Word, and we are all part of the Word, and we are all in the Word, regardless of one another!

Since we have already believed that man and all things in heaven and earth are one and are all Taos, what other discussions and opinions can we have with each other? What else is Confucianism and Mohistism, and what are the hundred schools of thought?

Since we have already believed that man and all things in heaven and earth are one and are all Taos, what other discussions and opinions can we have with each other? What else is Confucianism and Mohistism, and what are the hundred schools of thought? Don't? Is there really none?

The above is just what I and others like me think, that man and all things in heaven and earth are one, and they are all Tao. There are others who don't think so, so! My arguments and opinions plus other people's theories become "two", and there are two different theoretical systems in this world. If "two" is added with a "one" and another person's theory, then it becomes "three", and there are three different theories in this world. And so on, even the most shrewd calculations cannot find the final number, not to mention that everyone is an ordinary man!

So! From nothing to "three", not to mention from "being" to "being"? There is no need to deduce it like this, let's go with the way things are.

As I said earlier, the Tao cannot find its source or its end. The Tao is endless, and so is the unfolding of things; The same is true of speech, which has never been predetermined. Looking at the problem from their own standpoint, they all feel that their views and opinions are correct. It is precisely because we look at problems and things from our own standpoint that we have such and such boundaries and differences, so as to distinguish them from others.

Right now! I'm going to talk about what the boundaries and differences are: there is left, there is right, this is the direction. With left, right, up, down, and space. With space, there is a place of its own;

There is a boundary between left and right, and the middle of left and right is the midpoint, so there is a divergence;

Youlun also has a sequence, so it is a number. With numbers, there are calculations, columns;

There is a distinction between ethics and righteousness. There is a distinction between ranks, and there is a distinction between dignity and inferiority;

If there is decomposition, it must be delineated, and with decomposition, it will inevitably be impossible to return to the whole. Originally, things are one, and it is difficult to recombine them after they are decomposed;

Where there is a rebuttal, there is an extension and an exhibition, and with an extension and an exhibition, there is an endless range of remarks and different truths;

There must be selfishness in competition, and only selfishness and accumulation of one's own strength can one win the competition;

Where there is contention, there is troubled times. Rivalry will inevitably bring about troubled times, and contention is the root of troubled times.

These are the so-called Eight Virtues, the Eight Common Realities.

Outside heaven and earth, the saint always exists and does not care; The things in heaven and earth, although the saints are studying, do not speak at will. In the "Spring and Autumn Period", the deeds of those kings who governed the society, although the sages commented on them, did not argue with others about their rights and wrongs.

So! For things we can subdivide it and then subdivide it down. But we also have to merge, to combine the subdivided things and to combine them into a whole. And also! We can also combine upwards until we can't.

For example! We can subdivide people into limbs, five organs, and then into flesh and blood, and we can also subdivide them downward. But! We have to combine it all the same, we have to combine it as a human being. Combine it again! Combined into one heaven and earth. Because! Human beings are a part of heaven and earth, just like the five internal organs and blood vessels are part of the human body. We can also combine it upwards! Because! Earth is just one planet in the universe......

So! The saints only speak about what they know, and they never talk about what they don't know.

Why, one might ask?

The saint keeps everything he doesn't know in his heart and doesn't say it. Because! It's useless to tell you what you don't know, what you don't understand. And ordinary people argue endlessly, boasting about the outside, in order to show that they are more knowledgeable and capable than others, and now they are new and big6. Therefore, people who like to argue, they do not see the essence of things clearly, and arguing is just to show that they have insight and great ability.

Therefore, the true "Word" does not proclaim that it still exists, will always exist; The highest state of argument is that there is no need to argue, the truth is best argued there, and facts speak louder than words; The greatest benevolence is not to make superficial articles, do propaganda and make situations, but practical actions and results;

The most upright and honest people do not pay attention to these superficial forms of courtesy; A truly brave and courageous person is one who is never afraid of others, let alone jealous and hateful of others, and dares to face them.

The Word is set before us, and never proclaims itself; There are always places in verbal expression that it can't express, and some things can only be understood but cannot be conveyed in words, and cannot be clearly expressed in words; Benevolence is not to make superficial articles and propaganda to create a situation, but to do superficial articles and propaganda to create a situation is not true benevolence;

A person is honest and honest to the point that no one says that he has shortcomings, which is absolutely untrue, it is done by fakes, it is propaganda to make the situation, and superficial articles are made when the typical tree is established; A brave and courageous person is not brave if he fights with others out of jealousy. The five situations mentioned above are originally very good and naturally formed. Outcome! But because of the deliberate pursuit, the appearance has changed. It was originally round, but it turned out to be square.

So! Knowing what you know and what you don't know is really wise.

Who can really understand what it means to "argue without words" and "the way of the way"?

What do you mean by "unspoken argument"? There is no need to use words to argue, facts speak louder than words, and this is self-evident argument. What is the "way of the undodenship"? Just like the Tao, it doesn't need to be proclaimed, it still exists, it will always exist.

If anyone knows these truths, then! This person's wisdom will be infinitely greater, greater than heaven and earth, and it will be simply an infinite storehouse. No matter how much is poured in, it will not be full, and no matter how much is taken out, it will not be depleted. And! His wisdom is so great that he doesn't know where his wisdom comes from. How did it come about?

This is called being hidden and clear. Baoguang, there is infinite wisdom in the heart, the light of wisdom.

From Qianyao to Shun inquired, he said: "I want to conquer the three small countries of Zong, Guan, and Xuao, and whenever the court wants to discuss with everyone, I am always restless, what is the reason for this?" ”

Shun replied: "Those three small countries are like living in basil wormwood, and sometimes the sun does not shine inside. You're always daunted by your mind, why?

You feel that you are not doing well and not taking care of the people there. So! I want to conquer there and let the people there live a good life.

But? If you go to conquer, you must bring life. So! You're in a restless mood and can't make up your mind.

The past ten suns have risen together, and all things are shining under the sun, and your noble virtue is far beyond the light of the sun, and you are not worried that it will shine there? Illuminate there, it's just a matter of time, sooner or later it will illuminate there. ”

If you want it, you can't reach it! So! The ideas of governing the world advocated by Mohists and Confucianism are all eager for quick success. Even! It's fooling people! Just like Zhaowen playing the piano, Shi Kuang compiling music rhythms, and Hui Shi talking about high words, they are just a skill for survival.