"It is a rare time to talk to all Aiqing about the institutional form of this social polity. You should all know that the social system of the West, many countries, such as the United Kingdom, is different from the form of our Chinese Empire, right? Feng Yunshan simply told the five cabinets about the world's social system like a teacher: "According to a great philosopher in the West, the entire social system, in fact, according to the order of historical development, should be divided into two categories, one is similar to the Manchu Dynasty, the feudal system, which is manifested as absolute monarchy; The other is the main capital system, a constitutional monarchy like the United Kingdom, in fact, to be precise, called a parliamentary constitutional monarchy! Although the monarch is lifelong and hereditary, its monarch, such as Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, is only a symbolic head of state, she has no actual state power herself, and the position of the monarch only belongs to a special aristocratic class similar to hereditary and does not reduce titles. And in the political system of this situation, the fundamental power of the state lies in the parliament elected by a specific stratum!

The parliament is not only the highest legislative body of the country, but also the highest organ of state power, and their cabinet is elected by the parliament, and the cabinet organizes the government, exercises power and is responsible to the cabinet, so the cabinet or the parliament behind the cabinet is the real center of state power. Because it is an elected body of power, this kind of government can be regarded as a relatively advanced form of government at present, and some people call it a virtual monarchy republic. ”

"Obviously, all of you can understand that this latter kind of parliamentary constitutional monarchy can always ensure that the decision-making level of the country, that is, the people in the parliament or the cabinet, relatively speaking, select the best people to play this role. In this way, the drawbacks of the feudal monarchy, which can only select monarchs from the bloodline of the royal family, are completely avoided.

Of course, this is not to say that the system is necessarily perfect. According to the prediction of the Western philosopher, in the long future, there may be a more perfect system than this kind of hypothetical republic, that is, the constitutional monarchy in which the cabinet governs, called the republican system, under which even the monarch who is just a decoration is abolished, and the social harmony that everyone is equal, everyone has the same political rights, and everyone can participate in the election, but this is only a prediction, to be honest, I am not sure if it can be realized, but it is always a trend.

In fact, in my understanding, this Chinese republican system should be a further development of the hypocrisy republic. It is only a matter of enlargement of the parliament that decides and elects the members of the cabinet, and the parliamentarians, who originally represented only the ruling class, will be expanded to include the whole people, and everyone will have the right to vote in elections, not the privileged members who represent the ruling class. The so-called unionism is named because there are more people who want to participate in the election, so there are more meetings involved.

Of course, all Aiqing can also find that this parliamentarian form of government must be realized by the development of the entire country and society to a certain extent. His ultimate goal was to realize a society in which everyone could have whatever they needed, just like the paradise preached by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. You may assume that you have never heard of this, and it should not be possible in a few hundred years. ”

Li Hongzhang and the others finally understood. And Wu Chongyao and others already have some understanding of Western politics, so they naturally know what is going on, but they have never heard such a clear and concise explanation. Because since ancient times, talking about imperial power is equivalent to rebellion. But what they couldn't have imagined was that now it was the emperor himself who was talking about this matter of removing the imperial power and returning the government to the people.

Feng Yunshan continued: "Aiqing and the others should understand my thoughts? In fact, to put it bluntly, it is a restraint mechanism, a restraint mechanism brought about by elections. The electorate elects the members of Parliament, and the members of Parliament elect the members of the Cabinet to form a government, so that the government has to consider the interests of those voters, at least the interests of the majority of the electorate. The Cabinet could not do anything else against the true will of these voters, and because it was re-elected for a term in a few years, it was not possible for life to make it difficult for the Cabinet members who held the core of government power to fully control the entire country, and they were largely eliminated from seeking personal gain, seeking to lease power, or even wanting to become emperor.

Even if whoever has great ambitions and controls the entire cabinet in the future, he can meet the conditions for becoming an emperor, but he will not be an emperor, because the people are accustomed to this kind of person who can have the right to vote, feel that he can control the government cabinet and the fate of the country, and will not easily give up his right to return to the fate of being constrained by others.

And the most important thing about this kind of system is that it is a great thing for a country and a nation. As I have said before, I cannot guarantee that all my descendants will be wise and intelligent, and once any generation is mediocre, it will not only bury my Feng family, but also drag down the entire Chinese empire and even the Chinese people. Under this system of electing a cabinet to govern, this hidden concern can be effectively avoided.

As long as a fair popular election system can be basically realized, those cabinet members who have succeeded in taking office through fierce election campaigns and leading the development of the entire country are not ignorant and short-sighted fools, or despicable people who are extremely morally corrupt. Since they have the ability to make many parliamentarians and ordinary people willingly vote for them through their performance, then their own talents and moral character cannot be very bad, even if they are not a brilliant talent, they are at most some mediocre people who talk about rhetoric and lack ability, and they can never be incompetent, debauchery, and ruined people. ”

Luo Zenan had been following the emperor's explanation in contemplation, and when he heard this, he raised his head and asked the emperor: "Your Majesty, there is something unknown about Weichen!" ”

Feng Yunshan looked at him with a smile: "Luo Aiqing just asked." ”

"Your Majesty, Weichen can understand the advantages of this system that Your Majesty said. The power of the State is held by the Cabinet elected by the Parliament, which in turn is accountable to the majority of the members of the Parliament, who in turn are elected by the voters of the provinces, who in turn are elected by the voters of the lower provinces and counties. In this way, Weichen has a puzzle, after all, my Chinese empire has a large population, and now there are 500 million people, who are the specific voters, who are qualified, and who can become the representatives elected by the next level of voters and exercise power? Luo Zenan asked.