Chapter 446: Opposition and Unification

At this time, William's fiancée, Uraka. Jimena had already returned to the court of Burgos in the Spanish kingdom of Castille months earlier.

Traditionally, the marriage is preceded by up to 40 days' notice, during which unmarried couples are not allowed to live in the same room or see each other.

The number of 40 days is a special meaning and a symbol.

In the Christian church, Jesus was tempted by the devil for 40 days in the wilderness, so the meaning is extended to mean that people should imitate Jesus and endure the 40-day trial.

During the 40-day marriage notice period, the two and their respective families will repeatedly announce their plans to marry, so as to reveal some hidden things that do not conform to church rules, such as whether the two are close relatives who are forbidden by the church, or one of them has a previous marriage contract but has not been dissolved.

On the one hand, these measures are aimed at making the relationship of marriage more transparent, and on the other hand, they are also aimed at making the nature of marriage more pure and avoiding marriages that violate the norms.

Because William attaches great importance to this wedding, it takes a long time to prepare. Jimena had to leave Normandy months early and return to the court of Burgos in Castile, while she also took on the task of strengthening the Normans and Castiles.

As a 22-year-old man who was about to get married, William gradually restrained his brutal and ruthless temperament, and when reforming the Church of England, he used much softer methods.

At the same time, the news of the southern invasion of the Kingdom of Scotland also made William want to reconcile with the Pope, and he did not want to be isolated by European countries when he got married.

However, William could not propose reconciliation first, because it would make him lose the initiative, and the party who proposed reconciliation first would inevitably be weaker.

William sent secret envoys to Rome to contact his ally, Cardinal Gerald, and asked him to mediate and reconcile William and the Pope.

In order to increase the success rate, William also invited Cardinal Hildebrand to lobby.

Hildebrand, who had been appointed priest and papal secretary during the reign of Pope Gregory VI, was later retired to the convent of Tuscany after the deposition of Gregory VI.

Later, Leo IX became very pope, and he personally invited the hermit Hildebrand to come out and serve as a cardinal.

Hildebrand's outstanding ability to assist Pope Leo IX in implementing the Cluny reforms won the Pope's trust, so William specially asked him to make peace in the play.

Since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, Christianity has always regarded it as its sacred vocation to establish and maintain the order of God-mandated monarchy, because social turmoil and division also mean the victimization and even destruction of the church.

After several English civil wars and William's suppression, the Church of England has become a plaything that William can play with at will, completely controlled by William, and became his vassal, and then reorganized into the Anglican Church, an English church organization headed by William.

If it weren't for the damage done to the church by several wars, the Church of England would not have fallen to this point, which shows the damage of war to the church.

As historians have noted, "nothing is more harmful to the Church, and to the Holy See at this time, than the dissolution of public order and the anarchy of the local powers".

It involves the internal affairs of various countries, but the Holy See intends to bring the clerical and secular powers of various countries into the orbit of theocracy of its great unity, and does not want to see the conflict between clerical and secular powers leading to the collapse of royal power and political division.

The fact that the Church of England was both the initiator and the victim of this conflict between William and the Holy See did not change its tradition of upholding the divine kingship.

As early as the conflict between William and Bishop Worcester, many British bishops called on both sides to put the overall situation first and turn hostility into peace.

Bishop Lysius stressed that "without the Church, the king cannot be saved, and without the king's protection, the Church cannot enjoy peace".

In a letter to Pope Alexander III, the Archbishop of Rouen declared that the clerical and secular powers should be united.

For the Church of England and the rulers are bound together by their instinctive needs, so that one receives great power from the other.

Obviously, both sides have the true meaning of the common fundamental interests of the church and the secular power, that is, the king needs the church to deify and strengthen the royal power and participate in the complex government affairs of the kingdom, and the church needs the protection and blessing of the royal power in order to survive and develop.

In addition, because the Kingdom of England was located in a corner of the Channel, the penetration of the power of the Holy See was limited after all, and the long-term control of the crown over the election of the clergy ensured that the loyal vassals of the king monopolized most of the senior clergy, thus giving the Church of England a politically dependent character to the royal power.

All these have determined that in the relationship between the English feudal monarchy and the church, the conflict of rights and interests between the two has always been subordinated to the overall situation of political alliance between the two sides.

It is precisely for this reason that even in the struggle against the royal power, the Church of England is far from deviating from the basic position of maintaining the authority of the king and opposing division.

While Eldred, Archbishop of York, was pitted against William, most bishops were still on the side of the crown.

In this clash of clerical and secular power, most of the bishops of England were not involved in a head-on confrontation with King John.

Although they opposed the tyranny of the royal power and joined forces with certain rebellious secular nobles, they did not emotionally get involved in the struggle of armed resistance, but sought to gather the rebel forces into the orbit of peace negotiations and political compromise, in order to establish a political system of "limited monarchy" that would retain the king's divine authority and limit his arbitrary power.

However, their purpose was intolerable to William, and after the defeat the church suffered one blow after another, so that William was completely in control.

After seizing control of the Church of England, William urgently needed to reconcile with the Pope in exchange for recognition from the European nations, which was why he asked for negotiations.

Cardinal Hildebrand, in order to resolve the conflict between William and the Pope, persuaded Pope Leo IX to put aside his old suspicions, and at the same time he also campaigned between the King and the Pope to resolve the conflict, which eventually led to the negotiation.

At the beginning of January 1049, after William's twenty-third birthday, Cardinal Hildebrand arrived in England as an emissary to the Pope, and he was warmly welcomed by William.

Negotiations took place in January 1049, in which the king's representatives, Archbishop Hamelin of Normandy and Archbishop of Canterbury, were joined by Elder Red, Bishop of York, who had returned with Hildebrand, and three bishops.

William and Hildebrand agreed that he would return Eldred and the three bishops to the priesthood and reappoint Eldred as Bishop of York.

Second, William will return some of the church's assets and acquit several bishops who had been arrested and imprisoned.

Finally, William also acknowledged Caesar. Morality. Ottwell's independent status, and the Duke of Apulia ceased to be a vassal of William.

This was William's greatest weight, as he knew that Leo IX's group was courting the Normans in Apulia, and that Caesar and the Normans in Apulia were not under William's control, and he was happy to dissolve the relationship with Caesar.

In exchange, the Pope exempted William from excommunication and declared that he would no longer interfere in the affairs of the Church in England.

The agreement between the two sides was signed, and the sharp confrontation between the royal power and the clerical power that had lasted for nearly two years finally came to an end, and the two sides were once again harmoniously united.