The anointing ceremony for the coronation of European monarchs has been used since ancient times, in the Visigothic kingdom of Spain in the 7th century, in the 8th century by Pizi the Dwarf, the founder of the Carolingian dynasty, and in 800 Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome is even more famous.

In addition to the recognition of customs, the divinity of the royal family was strengthened by the recognition of the Christian Church.

The theory of the divine right of kingship is reflected in the writings of Christian theologians in the early Middle Ages, who believed that the king was God's representative on earth and the protector of the church.

In order to ensure that this divinity was recognized by the people, it was prominently displayed in the king's enthronement ceremony. Pope and archbishops learn the religious ritual of the ancient Hebrew kings - anointing to crown the kings of Western Europe, which is the famous anointing ceremony.

The general ritual of anointing is to apply holy oil to the king's bare forehead, chest, back and other parts of the body.

Holy oil is a mixture of vegetable oils and some spices, olive oil is an important ingredient in it, and it is abundant around the Mediterranean.

The sanctity of the anointing ceremony is manifested in the fact that the king's accession to the throne must be carried out thereafter, and only the king can do it.

During the feudal period, although the royal power declined, the heads of the great principalities sometimes surpassed the king in power and strength, so they also performed some ceremonies such as receiving the cane and being crowned, but they did not dare to perform this anointing ceremony.

The king is anointed with oil and represents an extraordinary human body.

This custom comes from the religious practice of the Jews, which is why the Bible refers to the monarch as the "anointed" or "ordained."

The anointing of Eldred, Archbishop of York, meant that William had henceforth received a mandate from God to be the king appointed by God to govern the secular society of England.

The anointing of William I at Westminster Abbey would be seen as a true divine right of kingship, and the legitimacy of the king would be unchallenged.

As a result, William appears to be extraordinarily reverent and humble throughout the ceremony. He began by pressing the Gospels of the Bible with his hands in his hands, and vowed: "I will do my duty to protect the church and my people, especially widows and orphans, from enemies inside and outside, in accordance with justice and the law." ”

The Archbishop of York, Eldred, then handed over the golden spurs and the sword to a noble representative, who would complete the ceremony of conferring on William the title of "First Knight of the Kingdom".

With the spurs on his shoes, William assumed the status of a knight.

After Mass and prayer, the Archbishop of York took out the anointing oil from the holy anointing bottle and applied it to William's shoulders, chest, back and hands.

At this time, the Prime Minister of the Norman Kingdom, William's uncle Adolf. Morality. The Duke of Normandy stepped forward, put on the royal robes for William, and handed him the scepter, the emblem and the hand of justice, which symbolized royal power.

Dressed in royal robes, with a precept and a hand of justice, and a scepter, William walked slowly to the main altar, where William knelt before the main altar of the church, and the Archbishop of York anointed William's head.

At this time, six representatives of the secular nobility, together with six representatives of the church, lifted the crown of the King of England high and placed it on the head of William, thus William became the true King of England, William I.

The six representatives of the secular aristocracy had a fixed requirement for a prestigious nobleman, and at this time the Duke of Anjou, Hubert. Morality. Stafford, Duke of Munster, Rodrigo. Morality. Vival, Duke of Bowys, Adolf. Morality. Normandy, Duke of Belgium Andrew. Dalton, Duke of Ulster, Richard. Morality. Vasy and Leinster Duke Mephistopheles. Sauron.

In addition, the representatives of the famous churches were also fixed, namely Eldred, Archbishop of York at the time of his coronation, Stigander, Archbishop of Canterbury, Hamelin, Archbishop of Normandy, Woolstein, Bishop of Worcester, Edwan, Bishop of Durham, and Humbert, Bishop of Bayeux.

Among the six church representatives, William deliberately chose two bishops from Normandy to join in order to balance the power of the church in England.

After the coronation ceremony, King William I sat down on a wooden throne, and representatives of the secular nobility held the throne and the king aloft, and all the church representatives swore allegiance to the king amid the cheers of the crowd.

William's coronation at Westminster Abbey actually went through a not short process.

Prior to 816, the coronation of kings was simply anointing the king's forehead, followed by wearing a crown and holding a scepter, and swearing an oath to God in the church.

Due to the gradual development of the knightly system, swords, spurs, and king's coats of arms were gradually added to the king's coronation. In addition, William was then required to take an oath not only to God, but also to exterminate the pagans whom the Church opposed.

It should be noted that William's queen Uraka. In principle, the coronation of Jimena should also be done at Westminster Abbey, but in fact the Queen could not be crowned with William at Westminster Abbey, mainly because William was not married at the time of his coronation.

When William married later, Empress Ukaka's coronation was usually held in St. Paul's Abbey near London. With the exception of the holy anointing oil bottle, most of the ritual vessels used in the coronation of kings were usually kept in the monastery of St. Paul.

The coronation ceremony is not just about oiling and crowning, it also includes a coronation procession. Broadly speaking, William's coronation was not only the coronation ceremony at Westminster Abbey, but also the procession in the City of London prior to the coronation.

William saw his coronation procession as a propaganda campaign, with entertainment and court banquets to show how the king and his subjects used theatrical pomp to communicate with each other.

Guided by public opinion and propaganda, William was portrayed as a monarch beloved by his subjects, and he legitimized his position and power through such propaganda as coronation parades and gala performances.

William was joined at the coronation procession by secular nobles and church representatives from Normandy and England, as well as envoys from other countries.

Among them, the most honorable were Mondo II, Duke of Porto of Spain, and Eneco, Count of Biscay. Morality. Harrow, both were commanders of reinforcements sent by King Ferdinand I of Castile and León and Garcia of Spain.

By the time they landed on Wessex County, England, the war was largely over, and there was much use for them.

Despite this, William invited the Duke of Porto and the Count of Biscay, as well as other Spanish nobles, to attend his coronation ceremony as a sign of William's respect for the Castile and his allies.