Chapter 342: Wind of Reform

The power structure of the Norman kingdom was different from that of other decentralized feudal kingdoms, and its administrative system and administrative structure were completely pyramidal or pillar-like wooden houses.

When William took control of the Duchy of Normandy, he gradually took over the local administration from the nobility through a series of reforms, and then established a bureaucratic system to manage the territory.

In order to prevent too much decentralization of power, William adopted a model of rule in which power was completely centralized, that is, direct control over the first-hand people.

The pinnacle was William, of course, and the beams were the magistrates, but the pillars that supported the whole house were directly under William's orders, including the Prime Minister, Earl Adolph, the War Secretary, Earl Hubert, the Chief of Staff, the Earl Richard, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Osborne, the Butler, the Foreign Secretary, Bishop Giggs, the Minister of Justice, Lanslin, and the Minister of Religion, Archbishop Hamelin, as well as the spy chief Emma who was hidden in the shadows and was responsible for the division and intelligence gathering of the nobles. Morality. Outwell.

These people are not only the connection between William and the magistrate, but also the chief person in charge of all the work, directly controlling the place and resources, and then forming a separate system, and the basis for their ability to exercise power comes from William's absolute authority.

In fact, William's rule model in the Norman kingdom was to rule the entire kingdom in a model of absolute monarchy.

Although this system of absolute authority has many well-known drawbacks, the advantages of a centralized dictatorship cannot be ignored, and although it does not want to be coercive, it is also the most efficient, especially for overall planning.

Under this model, the army and military power also became the cornerstone and guarantee for William to implement his will.

In order to put military power in the hands of William, he set up a staff headquarters in the government and staff officers at all levels of the army.

Originally, the command power was directly in the hands of William, but the command and deployment power was in the hands of the commanders at all levels, and the command, deployment, and daily movement of the army were completely decisions made after discussion between the officers of the troops and his advisers.

But now, after the establishment of the General Staff, the staff officers at all levels nominally have the right to make suggestions on the dispatch, and in many cases make recommendations under the consultation of professionals affiliated with the General Staff, and the last chief of staff with great power will sign and approve before they are implemented.

At the same time, the generals who were in direct control of the army no longer had the power to deploy, and in peacetime the trivialities of which regiment was deployed on the left flank of the camp and which regiment was on the right flank of the camp were now in the hands of the General Staff, and even in wartime the officers had to rely on their staff officers to carry out their orders.

Therefore, the establishment of this department of the General Staff Headquarters is actually aimed at further controlling military power.

At first glance, it may seem fair, there is a loss of power from top to bottom, but in fact, William has absolute authority over his subordinates and the final approval of the dispatch, so in fact he does not have any loss of power; Conversely, because commanders no longer have direct deployment power, they have less control over their own armies.

The current staff headquarters is in charge of the chief of staff, Count Richard, in fact, William also streamlined the organizational setup of this department, reducing the powers that should have been given to it, which is also to prevent the occurrence of military power coups and the like, the Japanese army's several solitary and rebellions in history are inseparable from the shadow of the powerful base camp, and any department with too much power is a threat to William.

Generals don't have the power to mobilize the army, so why does the chancellor need to have direct access to money?

Under this idea, William simply divided the powers of the Chancellor of the Exchequer Osborne into two, with Chancellor of the Exchequer Osborne holding the power to budget and establish fiscal systems such as taxation, while the treasury management position, which was previously under the Chancellor of the Exchequer, which was responsible for the expenditure of monetary revenues, was promoted and directly subordinated to William.

The treasury management was entrusted to another financial expert recommended by Osborne's butler, a Dutch banker Rodolf, who, notably, was a devout Christian and maintained a fanatical pursuit of the faith.

However, Steward Osborne recommended him not only for his professional ability and religious beliefs, but also for his resume as a banker, and that he was also a financier, having held the financial power of the Duchy of the Netherlands and successfully helped the Dukes of the Netherlands to gain an enviable fortune.

Above all, he was a very different man from Mayor Freilly, a traditional financial expert and a champion of physiocratism in favor of a natural economy, while Rodolph was a beneficiary of a new financial banking system, a champion of mercantilism.

Both of them are very talented, and either of them is enough to be qualified for such an important position as the finance minister of a country, but after all, both of them are from civilian backgrounds, and without the trust of the king and princes, it is extremely difficult to get ahead.

Even Rodolf, who served as the Duke's financial manager and made great contributions to Hanma, finally took the position of financial manager with a nobleman who was far inferior to him, and he was unwilling to fail, so he was invited by William and Osborne to take up important positions in the Norman kingdom.

William, who was unwilling to let go of talent, appointed Rodolph as the chief treasury after planning for the long term, and he also had a very important right to advise on financial matters, according to his suggestion, Louis also completely exempted from the twenty-fifth tax that had been introduced in Normandy.

Like the original agricultural and commercial taxes, the twenty-fifth tax was a tax on all forms of property income, which was originally levied to compensate for the financial problems caused by the war between the Duchy of Normandy and the Kingdom of France two years earlier, but was not abolished after the end of the war, but was retained.

However, in the long run, it hindered the development of handicrafts and commerce in the Norman kingdom, and the imposition of this tax item in the face of the already large taxes was in fact an over-oppression, and the merchants and craftsmen were overly oppressed, and even the peasants complained about it.

If William was too squeezed, merchants and capital would be lost to other countries, and naturally no one would want to invest in the Norman kingdom, which was very detrimental to the fledgling commercial and industrial capital.

After the establishment of the system and the ruling structure, William no longer stayed in his palace every day to review documents, and in most cases, in the name of hunting, he would visit the country villages throughout the Norman kingdom to observe the people's conditions, and have direct contact with the commoners living at the bottom of the society, so that he would not be deceived by his officials.