PS: Explain some of the mechanisms of Ferdinand's "cell immortalization". The author's vision is in line with the spirit of recent news coverage of genetic technology, isn't it? The author is also very confident in the development of human science and technology.

Humanity will eventually defeat cancer!

Ferdinand knew something about cell immortalization.

In a way, cancer contains the secret of eternal life. There may be a disagreement between genes and the meaning of life (more cautious words should always be used), and there is a certain probability that a single cell in a multicellular life is unwilling to die in obedience to the overall arrangement, preferring to immortalize - and then become cancerous - to ensure its own survival.

Immortalization does not mean cancer, in fact, immortalization may be an underlying ancient defense mechanism of individual cells against aging and harsh environments. It will resist aging.

And not aging, in a way, means eternal life.

Immortal organisms are not the same as cancerous variants, which are still able to maintain the functions that cells should have, while cancerous variants, cancer cells completely abandon their function as tissue cells.

This is because the steps of "immortalization" of cells are simpler than those of "cancer".

If a human cell is only anti-aging, then the use of human telomerase gene hTERT, lifting the restriction of telomeres, you can achieve the immortalization of the cell and become an immortal body, and the main function of telomeres is actually to determine the restriction of cell division, so the original function of this cell in its tissues will not be lost, although it has the "ambition" of not wanting to die honestly, but it has a "conscience" and is still a "good" cell.

Immortal organisms can be understood as tissue cells that are fortunate enough to proliferate indefinitely but still work diligently, while cancer variants are genetic mutations that change dramatically and abandon all originally functional cells.

Carcinogenesis includes a series of oncogenic gene mutations, the function of the whole cell changes drastically, the chemical composition of the cell membrane changes drastically, the signaling molecules no longer have the original function of the original signaling molecule (there may be some bad functions), the viscosity decreases, and the organelles and cell morphology are also changed, such as the flat spindle-shaped tissue cells directly become spherical. A mass of indefinite proliferation of uncontrolled lesions.

To give an example, the activities of normal cells are tightly controlled, and there is a complex and sophisticated regulatory system that governs the various biochemical processes of the cells.

A simple immortal (without damage to the DNA machinery), e.g., an immortalized cell induced by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene hTERT, combines the biology of the primary cell with the ability of a passage cell line to pass continuously. A gastric epithelial cell still has its original properties and functions - to protect the stomach lining, and to maintain a normal condition, the discipline of the immortal body is still relatively strong, it still has genes that regulate growth, it will not divide wildly, let alone spread and metastasize, and it can also obey the orders given by the whole body. At most, your stomach wall is a little too thick, and even if you are in trouble, you can solve the problem by ordinary means. If your hematopoietic stem cells become immortal, you can rejoice, it is worth 1 second for you. However, in fact, there is no such thing as a good thing, so please look at the important things that are repeated three times after a few paragraphs.

For malignant tumor cells, this system is disordered - the genes related to division and proliferation are in a strong functional state, and uncontrolled, much more vigorous than simple immortals, and what is more terrifying is that at the same time (and an important cause of cancer harm) at the same time, some genes are uncontrollably wildly expressed, and their products are molecules of some cellular communication functions. A cancerous gastric epithelial cell will not protect the stomach wall, but will only grow wildly, and the stomach is susceptible to acid erosion and bleeding; When pancreatic cell carcinoma becomes a malignant tumor cell, it may completely lose its endocrine function, or secrete glucagon or insulin or gastrin frantically.

In the eyes of some scientists, carcinogenesis is a series of further mutations based on immortalization. Immortalization is a powerful ability. Suddenly with a powerful ability, such as turning a stone into gold, a person is likely to do evil, rather than being a sanitation worker/lung fibroblast after acquiring such an ability.

Cancer contains the secret of eternal life. Cancer is a disease that is extremely devastating on the basis of the possibility of immortality. It's always hard for things to maintain a good form, especially if it's a latent possibility.

As for the human body itself, it is impossible for the immortal body to exist naturally. Because people are genetically destined to eventually die, immortalization and subsequent cancerization are abnormal, and most likely unhealthy mutations. If there is no obvious external cause for such mutations, then the scattered individuals, whether they are pure immortalized cells or cancer cells, will be instantly eliminated by the immune system. In fact, you may have several cancer cells in your body that have been eliminated by the immune system, and isolated, occasional cancers do not pose a threat.

And if there is a large-scale mutation, obviously, because your state is very bad, the human microenvironment must have undergone drastic changes, then, this drastic and mostly bad change will obviously also cause drastic and bad mutations, how can it be possible for the cell to simply open an immortalized golden finger? It's a blessing in disguise when the physical condition is bad, and the genetic mutation is not so easy to talk about.

Moreover, even if it is an immortal, it is prone to cancer in the complex environment of the human body!

It is also prone to cancer!

It is also prone to cancer!

Say the important thing three times.

For the cultivation of immortals, scientists can only use lentivirus to stably infect the human telomerase gene hTERT in a stable culture environment in vitro, so that the primary cells can be immortalized and immortalized. For this reason, immortality is also known as hTERT. The cancerous variant becomes TSR.

The gene expression profiles and initiation methylation profiles of immortal and cancerous variants produced by the same primary cell (according to Zhihu netizen Vaciry, scientists in Edinburgh have used MRC-5, that is, human fetal lung fibroblasts for experiments) to produce immortal and cancerous variants, there are similarities, but there are also many differences - that is, the reason why cancerous variants are cancerous variants.

Among them, genes that regulate cytoskeletal and cell differentiation, protein kinase activity, protein transport, cancer-associated cell pathways and transcriptional regulation, extracellular signaling response, and angiogenesis are highly similar in cell models of immortal and cancer variants. From a bioinformatics perspective, it also potentially indicates similarities in the expression of non-aging and cancerous genes.

However, cancer variants are different from immortal organisms in two important ways, and this is the source of great harm to cancer cells.

(1) The proliferation and growth rate of cancer variants, the cell cycle is much faster than that of immortal organisms. The Immortal made sure the car didn't stop, and the Cancerous Variant raced straight away—even if it wasn't necessary.

(2) The gene expression of the genes that regulate cell growth and tissue differentiation of cancer variants is significantly lower than that of immortal organisms, that is, cancer variants have almost (and will soon become completely lost in the human body) all the ability to control cell growth and tissue differentiation - theoretically (in fact, the human body cannot produce immortal organisms, only cancerous variants) immortal organisms can still obey the control of the body and carry out targeted tissue differentiation. The growth of cancerous cells is more difficult to be controlled by the body, and there is no directional direction of tissue differentiation, which is also the biggest difference between "cancer" and "immortality".

In summary, the immortal body is a cell body with "non-aging" gene expression.

A cancerous variant is one that has a cancerous gene (and causes cancer). Indefinite proliferation, system disorder.

It is impossible to achieve the goal of not aging and approaching immortality in the initial stage of socialism in our country if we want to form some brain cells, hematopoietic stem cells, pancreatic cells, lung fibroblasts, and muscle cells in a highly organized way in the human body.

But for the universe and even the endless vacuum, life is only an insignificant scale. Quantum vacuum fluctuations can produce anything that does not violate the laws of physics, and any small probability event can and can occur compared to an infinite number of vacuum fluctuations.

Almost impossible? As long as there is almost, it is basically passed. Because that's how our universe rises and falls. Obviously, the existence of our universe on this scale does not occur very often from fluctuations, but as long as the probability of its occurrence is not zero, then we are now observing this vast universe.

Therefore, it is much easier for the universe to create a subtle immortal body than to create a giant rock.

Therefore, Ferdinand felt that the transformation results of his immortal body were a little unreliable, for fear that one day the immortal body would become cancerous and become a cancerous variant, and it would be a big joke.

But at least it's immortal for now, right?

"In the future, when science and technology develop, I can donate some organizations for scientists to study, maybe it can benefit all mankind?" Ferdinand tried to think in terms of high and beautiful happiness, "It can be named, [Philesian Immortality]." ”

"Humanity will eventually defeat cancer!"