Chapter 387: Capitalists
After Baron Haswell was sentenced to death by hanging by Henry VIII three years earlier, the Baron's lands, estates, and possessions eventually became Isabel's personal property. Most of the Baron's family, and the servants loyal to the Baron, were also exiled from the realm and not even allowed to stay in Richmondshire.
Prior to joining the rebellion, Baron Haswell's use of land within his territory was still the traditional backward and outdated agricultural social management of renting land, collecting rent, and selling surplus crops and natural resources on the land.
However, from the end of the 15th century, the opening of new direct routes from Europe to India, the discovery of the American continent, and the success of circumnavigating the world led to the rapid growth of British foreign trade, which further stimulated the development of British wool exports and woollen weaving. By the 16th century, the development of factory crafts and the rise of cities led to a huge increase in demand for agricultural products, which accelerated the large-scale enclosure movement.
In the context of this era and the country, Isabel Walton, a time-traveler who owned land and wealth, was naturally unwilling to fall behind the countryside in the southeast, where industry and commerce were more developed. First of all, she used the agreement enclosure method with a relatively attractive amount of compensation to occupy the public land in the baron's domain, the leased land of the small tenant farmers and the share of the public registration farmers, and established large-scale farms and pastures to implement enclosure and sheep raising.
After all, the woollen textile industry had become England's "national industry" by this time. In order to revitalize the national industry and to obtain legitimate high profits from the substantial increase in foreign trade, Isabel had to make full use of the huge profits obtained from the sheep farming industry to complete the accumulation of raw capital and lay the foundation for future seafaring business.
Then, using his position as Privy Counsellor and Secretary to the Duke, he established good relations with several of the Duke of Richmond's retainers. Through these profit-seeking gentlemen, Yomanon bought a large number of looms and operated family workshops in the territory, transforming the wool obtained from sheep farming into wool products for local sale or export to Europe.
Between 1538 and 1539, Henry VIII again decreed the closure of some 200 large monasteries and the confiscation of all their property. Most of the confiscated land was given to favored ministers or sold cheaply to the gentry, land speculators, burghers, merchants, and factory owners.
Among those who received the king's reward, the Duke of Richmond, the illegitimate son of Henry VIII, was once again given a large amount of land. And the Duke of Richmond, in order to thank Isabel for her long-term "affection" or achievements, gave her a part of the land as a gift.
Because the newly acquired land was scattered and not connected to her own territory, Isabel made herself a land speculator. Using the connections he had built up over a long period of time, he signed a land exchange agreement with the duke's retainers and bought and sold land resources, which doubled or tripled the original territory. Then, the capitalist way of doing business was replicated again in the new land, and large private farms and pastures were still established, and animal husbandry and sheep farming were vigorously developed.
After three years of capitalist operation and sales, Isabel has become a very wealthy woolen merchant, large landowner, agricultural capitalist, and land speculator in Richmond County. There are hundreds of looms in dozens of family workshops in the territory, and weavers, kneaders, carders, comberers, dressers, dyers and millers work for her every day. Although many of the duke's retainers would also let the many children work for her, Isabel was reluctant to hire child labor.
According to the definition of a manufacturing factory in later generations, she developed a series of work systems, salaries and benefits. Of course, in some respects, in order not to arouse the suspicion of the duke, retainers and local peasants, she adopted a system of working more than 12 hours a day, six days a week.
Adult men and women over the age of 18 are used in the recruitment of manual workers, including some monks and nuns who have lost their shelter, the convent. In the beginning, she ran a small family craft workshop, so the landless peasants in the territory were enough to keep the workshop running. In the third year, after expanding the scale of production, she recruited many landless peasants in the county to work for her.
Of course, now she is not a pure woolen merchant and capitalist who only cares about production costs and profits every day, and because of the factor of serving in the Duke's Palace, she has recruited many highly loyal servants or servants' families from the Asker Manor and the Duke's Court of Richmond to serve as middle-level supervisors.
Among these overseers were Bacon the brother of Bruce Hard, the father's butler, George, the brother of Arthur Field, the butler of the Duke's Court, the parents of Anne Cook, the valet and a number of middle-aged male and female servants who had served his father and the Duke for many years.
Today is Saturday, and tomorrow's Sunday Mass is a day off for workshop employees and supervisors. Therefore, today she will definitely go to her handicraft workshop to inspect the current situation of the business. Inspect the accounts, reconcile costs and profits, and rectify various problems with middle supervisors. The most important thing is whether the employees are passive and slacking off. If these unfavorable phenomena can be detected at an early stage, it is necessary to improve the welfare and treatment of migrant workers. Thus, her workers receive a satisfactory income and standard of living.
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In the afternoon after lunch, another ray of sunshine appeared in the sky. Isabel followed the Duchess Mary to the Lord's Lady's room. While Amy and Kelly were serving Mary to change into a leotard dress, Mary looked in the mirror at the one standing not far behind her
"Isabel, are you still reluctant to change into a dress?" ”
"Mary, it's not that I don't want to, it's just that it would be very inconvenient to ride a horse after changing into a skirt. Besides, I'm not a traditional lady or a noble lady, and I have a lot of business to deal with every day. ”
"Gurgle... Because you are a good, beautiful, and wise aristocratic lady. Mary lowered her head and straightened her tight blouse and turned to look at her, "Does this dress look good?" You know, I don't want your father and mother to dislike my dress. ”
Isabel smiled knowingly, "This dress is perfect for you." ”
Mary changed into her dress and went to the stained-glass window and looked up at the blue sky, "Isabel, do you know that in the few days I've been in His Highness's territory, I've known something else about you. ”