The imitation of weapons in Qi has only just begun, while Qin has already begun another epoch-making revolutionary technological achievement. This is radio technology.

With the continuous research of tube technology, radio technology has developed rapidly, but in order to speed up its popularization, Zhongshang Wen has made full use of his spare time to help its technology become more and more mature.

The previous Qin radio technology only emitted some meaningless radio signals, which had no informational value, and then the radio technology improved the tube technology and used the vacuum tube as a signal receiving device. In this way, a solid foundation was laid on the basis of radio technology. But this is nowhere near mass adoption. Because these devices are still huge. This necessitates further simplification of these technical devices.

Shang Wen first looked at the materials currently used by the Qin State, and among these materials, he did not see the most desired material, silicon, silicon is a good semiconductor material. But he went through all the records and notes, and none of them stated the existence of silicon.

Silicon does exist around us, and it is the second richest element on the earth, but it mostly exists in the form of oxides in nature, but Qin was able to invent the vacuum electron tube, and there must be another element that was discovered before further development, this element is germanium, which is also a good semiconductor material.

Germanium is a dispersed element, there is no ore available for industrial mining, it accounts for 7.0×10-4 of the mass in the earth's crust, and contains small amounts in coal, silver, tin, zinc, copper and other ores. Industrial production is mainly recovered from zinc sulfide ore, coal, and metallurgical waste or flue dust. The process of discovery, like industrial production, is discovered from it.

The scarcity of this element determines that it cannot be mass-produced, Shangwen decided to refine pure silicon first, and in the laboratory, magnesium powder can be used to reduce powdered silica under red heat, and the generated magnesium oxide and magnesium powder are washed away with dilute acid, and then the unactivated silica is washed with hydrofluoric acid to obtain elemental silicon. This method produces amorphous silicon that is not pure enough, and is a brown-black powder. Industrially, silicon is produced by reducing silica (SiO2 content > 99%) in an electric arc furnace. The reducing agents used are petroleum coke and charcoal. When using a DC electric arc furnace, petroleum coke can be used instead of charcoal. The ash content of petroleum coke is low (0.3%~0.8%), and high-quality silica (SiO2 is greater than 99%) can be used to directly refine high-quality silicon for manufacturing silicon steel sheets. High-purity semiconductor silicon can be prepared by reducing high-purity trichlorosilicon SiHCl3 or SiCl4 with hydrogen on a hot silicon rod at 1,200°C. Ultra-pure monocrystalline silicon can be prepared by the Cyzopull method or the zone melting method. Shang Wen wrote in detail about the method of preparing silicon in the modern electronics industry.

After extracting pure silicon. It is to make circuit boards and diodes or transistors. Shang Wen believes that it is best to make a triode because the transistor can amplify weak signals.

After seven days of continuous research, Shangwen has preliminarily completed the development of the diode, but the triode still needs some further upgrading of materials to complete, but the vacuum electron tube can already complete the reception of radio signals.

Some high-rise buildings in the Qin State have been built with steel towers, not just lightning rods, but also some with signal receivers. This is the result of constant experimentation with radio signals.

The radio station broadcasts the program is first converted into an audio electrical signal through the microphone, which is modulated by the high-frequency signal (carrier) after amplification, and then a certain parameter of the high-wave signal changes accordingly with the audio signal, so that the audio signal we want to transmit is included in the high-frequency carrier signal, and the high-frequency signal is amplified, and then when the high-frequency current flows through the antenna, the formation of radio waves is emitted outward, and the radio wave propagation speed is 3×10 to the 8th power of meters per second, this radio wave is received by the radio antenna, and then amplified, Demodulation, reduced to the audio electrical signal, sent into the speaker voice coil, causing the corresponding vibration of the paper cone, can restore the sound, that is, the process of acousto-electric conversion transmission - electro-acoustic conversion.

The broadcast principle of the radio station has been known, so the next step is to popularize this receiving device on a large scale, and now the Qin State needs a relatively simple receiving device to popularize this kind of radio station.

However, the Qin State soon had a cheap radio, which was the ore radio. Ore radio refers to the antenna, ground wire and basic tuning loop and ore as a geophone and composed of no amplification circuit of passive radio, he is the simplest radio receiving device, ore radio was first used as a geophone in the Qin State. But the biggest use he has now is to receive radio broadcasts.

However, this ore radio has a big drawback. That is, it can only be listened to by one person, and the acceptance performance is relatively poor.

The products launched by Shangwen are DC radios and AC radios. The tube radio is powered by two sets of DC power supply, one group is used as filament power supply, and one group is used as anode power supply, and the power consumption is larger, and it does not take long to replace the battery, so the use cost of the radio is higher, and the radio using AC power supply is cheaper than the DC tube radio. However, due to the shortcomings of large volume, large power consumption, strong heat generation, short life, low power utilization efficiency, fragile structure and the need for high-voltage power supply, the tube is large, the power consumption is large, the power consumption is large, the heat is great, the heat is great, the life is short, the power supply is low, the structure is fragile, and the high-voltage power supply is required.

Transistor radios need to be invented to be widely popularized, and with the current level of technology, it is estimated that there is still a certain degree of difficulty.

Whether it's ore radios, DC tube radios and AC tube radios, and the transistor radios of the future. The state of Qin finally began a new dissemination of information on the radio. Moreover, the Qin media began to move from newspapers to wireless. A new kind of media was born in the Qin state.

"Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to Wenyang Radio, I am the announcer Xiaobai, today is excited and very happy, because our country has a new news tool, which is a huge change from literal to sound. "Although this is not the first voice in the Qin State on the radio, it is the first radio broadcast voice in the Qin State.

Ore radios are popularized on a large scale in ordinary people's homes, and this kind of cash register, which only costs three and a half taels, is cheap and durable, but it is not audible. Wealthy families buy alternating current radios to listen to programs. It doesn't matter if it's rich or middle-class. For the first time, the state of Qin transmitted sound on radio waves.

However, the radio could only cover Xianyang alone, and not yet all the places in the Qin State. Because it involves the problem of a high-power radio. The advent of radio broadcasting soon attracted the attention of the military, who considered the transceiver without wires to be much lighter.