Chapter 49: The War on the Western Front (1)
Commander-in-Chief of the British Third Army, Julian? In mid-September 1917, General Bean was ordered to organize an offensive with the intention of diverting German forces away from the Ipre defensive area and thereby relieving the strategic squeeze of the Italian forces at Caporetto. In previous battles, the role of tanks was limited by swamps, and this time, Julian? Bing and the commander of the Royal Tank Force, Hugh? General Els adopted the Chief Officer of the General Staff, J? F? Colonel C. Fuller suggested that the tanks avoid the quagmire and find a dry place where they could deploy a large number of mobile armored units and use tank maneuver combat.
There is no doubt that Cambrai, a town forty-five miles south of the Pahandael-Messina battlefield in northern France, has ideal topography. To the south and west of the city was a solid chalk ground cut off by creeks and banks, and the six miles of wilderness with a winding edge between the Knoll Canal and the St. Quentin Canal were well suited to tank maneuvering, and Colonel Fuller understood that the choice of battlefield would be convenient for Julian? Bing swung a torrent of British steel straight into the German Hindenburg Line.
The Germans committed six divisions of the Bavarian prince Ruprecht in the Cambrai defense area, two of which were stationed in the open area between the two canals.
Julian? The attack, which Bean commanded, consisted of nineteen divisions. At this time, five British and Canadian cavalry divisions, including India's cavalry brigade, attacked at any time to expand the results of the tank breakthrough.
The Great Forest of Afrancott, immediately behind the British lines, provided cover for a large number of tanks. In order not to be discovered by the Germans, Julian? Bean made every effort to keep it secret, and before the attack, the tanks were camouflaged by colored markings and were not allowed to come within a mile of the German outpost.
As the battle began, a large number of British planes in conjunction with the operation kept roaring and circling at low altitude over the front line to hide the rumbling sound of the tanks when they were dispatched.
The Germans dug cascading wavy trenches in the open field, reaching twelve feet wide at their widest point, in order to prevent British tanks from crossing the trenches or to keep attacking tanks deep in the front.
At 6:20 a.m. on November 20, 1917, just after dawn and visibility was only about 200 yards, the engines of the three hundred and eighty-one tanks roared at the same time, and the vehicles began to move at full speed along the lanes marked by the night lines. The torrent of steel dragged thick black smoke, like a herd of wild horses on the loose, and rushed towards the positions of the two infantry divisions of the German Ruprecht. In the open and hard ground, the advantages of the tank can be fully exploited, and in an instant, the barbed wire and timber barriers are crushed with a crackling sound. Hundreds of tanks were like a herd of giant beasts, roaring and soaring, overwhelmingly rushing towards the German positions, with great momentum and unstoppable.
All the attacking tanks carried long bundles of firewood that were fastened with chains, and before rushing to the trenches, the tankmen loosened the chains, dropped the bundles into the trenches, making them temporary bridges, and drove straight into the ...... The German outpost was unexpectedly attacked, and before they could figure out what was going on, they became ghosts under the wheel, and then they surrendered and fled, and they became a pot of porridge.
The machines were shaking, the horses were neighing, and the black-pressed infantry, under the cover of the British tanks, looked for an opportunity to target and strafe the Germans in the trenches from time to time. The Germans, who were in depth, hurriedly organized a mortar counterattack, and at the same time, Julian? Bin ordered the cavalry to protrude from the flanks under dense artillery fire, and in the smoke of gunpowder, the swords flashed in the sunlight...... A line of shells whizzed towards the advancing British, Canadian cavalry and tank groups, and the British paid a huge price for every step forward. At this moment, the German Wilhelm artillery position, which was hidden behind the narrow embankment of Cambrai, also began to fire fiercely, and the horses of the British and Canadian troops were shot one after another, and the soldiers fell one after another on the way to the charge, but all the men were still desperately rushing forward, including all the commanders, who seemed to be crazy...... Blood flowed across the land and slowly began to flow to the streams and canals to the south.
At first, the German defenders fought desperately, but slowly, many soldiers fell, either shot to death or killed by exhaustion, and the deep trenches were already muddy because of the flow of blood. Most of the machine guns scattered on the battlefield were unrecognizable, and after the gunners fell, other machine gunners came to the top, and they were surrounded by corpses, and it was already very difficult to walk.
The entire open field was covered in artillery fire and gunsmoke, and the battlefield was no longer distinguishable from friend and foe, and the soldiers on both sides were roaring and roaring......
This life-and-death battle has not ended, and this slaughtering field of grinding meat is still killing...... At about 5 p.m., the British Third Army, at the cost of losing more than 4,000 men and 65 tanks, (another 14 tanks broke down or capsized in the trenches), infiltrated the German positions for more than 7,000 yards on a six-mile front, captured more than 7,500 enemies, and at 6 p.m., as night fell, the British cavalry struggled to capture the trench of Cambrai town occupied by the German Ruprecht. The British victory, which had only driven the Germans out of the small open space between the two rivers, was incomparably more significant and greatly boosted the Allies' fragile fighting spirit.
This dismal victory of the British army can only be regarded as the beginning of the prelude to this battle, and it is far from over. Hoffmann ordered the troops of the Fourth Army, the reserves, and the four divisions of the Bavarian prince Ruprecht to rush in for reinforcements. The forces of the British and German armies began to converge on this narrow clearing, and a larger and more tragic battle was brewing, and the slaughter of death was frozen in the air.
The battle began with a small scuffle, followed by the continuous reinforcement of the British Third Army, which for a time overcrowded the positions. On 30 November, the Germans launched intensive artillery fire on the British positions, and the small open area was once again purged with gunpowder. While the two sides were shelling each other, the remnants of the British and Canadian cavalry launched counterattacks again and again, but they were quickly suppressed by the tongues of machine gun fire and could not stand out. The positions were fought back and forth under artillery fire, but neither side could hold on steadily. Bullets are like lawn mowers, and soldiers are like rows of straw, falling layer by layer...... The blood is flowing, and it keeps flowing...... But the shouts of killing are still endless......
Seeing that the British breakthrough was about to succeed, and the Imperial 1st Panzer Division still did not arrive at the battlefield, Max? The shortcomings of Hoffman's command ability in the immediate position are now highlighted. Rundstedt, who was still on standby in the north, had already accelerated his march non-stop after receiving the order, adhering to the consistent principle of staying aside when anchoring and discarding if damaged, and finally arrived at the last moment and directly participated in the counterattack. Although the 1st Panzer Division, which had complete anti-armor combat capabilities, rushed to the battlefield with less than one regiment, the morale of its own side was boosted, and the blow to the enemy's morale was very obvious, and the British offensive began to be restrained.
On the evening of December 3, the British army, lacking reserves, gradually lost its combat ability and began to retreat slowly, and the Germans began to slowly shrink and encircle the corpses everywhere...... Half of the bloody trenches were recaptured by the Germans......