The party system designed by Hong Tao for the Golden River Empire did not adopt the two-party system of the United States in later generations, but borrowed more from the British two-party system. The reason is not because the two-party system in the United States is not good, nor is it because of how good the two-party system in Britain is, but mainly because Hong Tao believes that the two-party system in Britain is more in line with the current state of Jinheguo.

In addition to the advanced nature of the system, there is also an important attribute, that is, applicability. It does not mean that if you copy the advanced systems of other countries, you can adapt them to your own country, but this thing should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis.

Of course, in the long run, an advanced system always has its advanced side, and there is nothing wrong with learning. However, when it comes to a certain period, it depends on the situation at that time, and the development of human society is gradual and cannot be achieved overnight. The system must always be conducive to the development of the productive forces, not a constraint.

Britain is a country that is complicated. Many of its practices are hated very much, but this hatred is from the perspective of foreigners, and if it is replaced by the British, it should be a different view. It's the world's largest-stirring stick, yes, it's been a few hundred years since it was stirred, and although the Americans have been working hard since then, it is still far from Britain in terms of degree and durability.

If a country can be the-stirring stick of the whole world and stir up the whole world unrest, the government of this country must be a very wise government, and at the same time, it will inevitably have a whole set of relatively advanced rules that other countries can learn from.

The parliamentary system and political party system in Europe and the United States all originated in this island country, and they have a long history, affecting the political systems of many European and American countries, and can be regarded as a guiding light for European and American countries.

The British party system is not deliberately defined by anyone, it originated in the British Parliament and was officially established as a political party for the public, with a gap of several hundred years. In the past few hundred years, the British have been fighting in Parliament, and slowly formed two factions, one faction loyal to the royal family, called the Tory Party; One faction was more inclined towards the emerging bourgeoisie, called the Whigs.

The Tories represented the conservative forces in Parliament, and the Whigs, or Townspeople, were the spokesmen for the radical forces in Parliament. These two parties had been fighting in parliament for almost two centuries before they emerged from a purely parliamentary party struggle and formed a party oriented to the electorate in the thirties of the nineteenth century.

Since the Tory Party represents the conservative forces, it is called the Conservative Party; The Whigs were the face of the radicals, and they were called the Liberals. Later, the Liberal Party gradually declined due to many divisions within the Liberal Party due to political demands, and was replaced by the British left-wing party, the Labour Party, that is, the party of Prime Minister Tony Blair.

According to later generations, the Conservative Party is a right-wing party, and the Liberal Party and the Labour Party are both left-wing parties. This right-wing and left-wing term is only a relative state, and it is more convenient to call the leftist and the rightist in our Chinese habit. However, the standards of the left and the right in China are not the same as those of Western countries, and this is a matter of ass, that is, a question of position. Standing at different angles, of course left and right are not different, if you stand face to face, your left is my right.

According to the name of the distinction between left and right, consciousness, form, and state, it originally originated in France, but in fact, many definitions related to revolution came from France. This country is very characteristic of Britain on the other side of the Channel, Britain is trying to stir up for its own interests, and France is tossing for the sake of all mankind, and the modern social revolution has arisen from France. As a result, both countries have contributed very valuable material and spiritual wealth to all mankind, and they can be regarded as the same end.

At the end of the eighteenth century, the French bourgeois revolution broke out, and at the Constituent Assembly, the parliamentarians were divided into two opposing factions. On the one hand, there were mainly clergy and aristocratic parliamentarians, and on the other hand, the bourgeoisie, urban commoners, workers and peasants. At the time of the meeting, the noble councillors sat on the right side of the council, and the commoners sat on the left. Later generations called relatively conservative and regressive people or organizations right-wing; Refer to relatively radical, progressive people or organizations as left-wing.

When it comes to revolution, revolutionaries are radical and forward, so they are considered left-wing; And their opposite, naturally, became the right wing. In those years, the overthrow of the rightists was translated in political language, which meant the overthrow of backward elements.

However, this left and right is not fixed, it depends on the state of society.

When a society becomes more and more right-leaning, the truth moves further and further to the left, and those who adhere to the truth become leftists. On the contrary, when society becomes more and more left-leaning, the truth is more and more to the right, and those who adhere to the truth become rightists. That's why there was a rehabilitation of the rightists and the overthrow of the four-person gang. This was because the society at that time was too left, and it had to be corrected so that the society as a whole was in a state of balance. Whether it's too left-leaning or right-leaning, it's not right.

In fact, left and right is a very philosophical issue, which contains people's innate nature and acquired cultivation. Human nature is selfish, and cultivation is selfless; If you are too selfish, you will destroy your self-cultivation, and if you cultivate too much, you will lose your humanity.

It's like the two legs of human beings, one moment left, one moment right, you have to go back and forth, back and forth to find balance, and only then will you move forward smoothly. If you keep jumping forward on one leg, you are a disabled person with common sense, and you should not be able to walk as fast and steady as an able-bodied person.

In the same way, a person needs two legs to walk, and if a country wants to go far and walk steadily, it must also have two legs, left and right, and this is the root of the two-party system.

Back to the specific example, Jin Heguo is currently jumping forward on one leg, no matter how strong and thick this leg is, it is not as stable as two small thin legs. And at present, this thick leg is almost unbearable, rather than risking the only leg will break, it is better to do it in advance and turn one thick leg into two small thin legs. If you can't go fast, you can't go fast, it's better than falling down and then climbing up, if you fall too hard, it's still unknown whether you can get up.

According to the current situation, there are already left-wing and right-wing forces in Jinhe Country, especially in Parliament, which is why Hong Tao has chosen the British party model more.

The two-party system in the United States is a conflict of interest groups that has been formed since the beginning of the constitution, and it can simply be called the struggle between the urban-commercial alliance in the Northeast and the agricultural-local front alliance in the South and the states, and it can also be called the struggle between the Federalists and the anti-Federalists.

The down-and-out aristocracy and big merchants of the North were willing to establish good relations with the British, oppose the French Revolution, and hope for a strong federal government. Southern slave owners and peasants in the periphery were hostile to the British, supported the French Revolution, opposed the establishment of a strong federal government, and preferred to maintain the states' states. The divide between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists was the embryonic form of what would become Republicans and Democrats.

In fact, the founding fathers of the United States were opposed to the establishment of political parties, and in the original federal constitution, there was no clause on political parties at all. When he left office, Washington said to the people of the United States in a serious way:

"The differences between you are insignificant, and you share common religious beliefs, ways of conduct, habits, and political principles; The Federation should be seen as the primary backing of your freedom. Oppose sectionalloyalty, and be wary of the harmful effects of partisanship (thebanefuleffectsofthespiritofparty), because partisan spirit is the most dangerous enemy of government! ”、

It is a pity that the internal contradictions in the United States were too fierce at that time, let alone that Washington should not be president, and even if he continued to be president, he would be powerless to prevent the situation from continuing to develop. From this point of view, the founding fathers of the United States were at the same level as Hong Tao, and they were still very naïve to think that patriotism and public morality alone could avoid the birth of the dirty political tool of political parties.

The situation in the country of Kim River is different from that of the United States, and it does not intend to adopt a federal system in the future. The interests of the main body of the residents of Jinhe Country are also relatively consistent, and there are no sharp social contradictions in the early days of the founding of the United States, so it is impossible to create two antagonistic groups of classes and establish a political party for the sake of establishing a political party. What Hong Tao needs to deal with now is how to deal with the left-wing members of parliament and the growing number of radical reformers in the imperial government.

The political party thing is very deceptive. At the beginning, everyone looked at it very beautifully, and felt that bringing like-minded people together must be more powerful and easier to achieve their political demands or ideals. But things are not as rosy as they seem, and once they really set up two opposing parties, they know what trouble is.

They were greeted not only by strange partisan struggles, but also by hidden big killers, trade unions.

Bo Jiao is right, Hong Tao is very good at fooling people with things that look beautiful on the surface, and it is a whole set. This has something to do with Hong Tao's hobby, he is a fishing fan, and he likes to wrap the hook with bait to trick the fish into biting the hook. As long as you open your mouth to bite, whether you want to or not, you have to swallow the fragrant bait and the sharp hook. The most hateful thing is that you can't swallow the bait, but the hook can make you feel the pain of piercing your heart. Whether you want your life or not depends on whether Emperor Hong is happy.

"I can guarantee that these things must be the handiwork of His Majesty." The Weng family's case, the trade union law, and the constitutional amendment, these three big bombs not only scared Bo Jiao and the ministers so much that they didn't eat lunch and dinner, but even saved sleeping, and stayed in the conference room all night, chewing biscuits that the seafarers were not happy to eat, staring at red eyes, and constantly thinking about how to defuse these three bombs.

Minister Wen said this sentence as much as he didn't say it...... "Li Niang is a good hand at playing the economy, but it is a little difficult for her to think about trade unions and political parties." I had no clue, I was irritable, and when I heard Wen Nan's words, I immediately found a punching bag.

(To be continued.) )