"Until the late twenties, Keynes embraced traditional free-trade theories, arguing that protectionism was undesirable for domestic economic prosperity and job growth. Even in 29 years, when he debated with the Swedish economist Ohlin on the issue of German reparations, he insisted that the balance of payments would automatically restore its balance through changes in the price level at home and abroad. ”

But when his magnum opus, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, was published in '36, Keynes reversed his previous position and instead emphasized the impact of the trade balance on national income. It is believed that if the protection policy can lead to a trade surplus, it will help to increase the level of investment and expand employment, which will eventually lead to economic prosperity. ”

What does this mean? That is, a completely free economy can no longer meet the needs of modern society, and has even become a burden for us to improve our productivity. ”

While both classical and neoclassical economists favored laissez-faire economic policies, Keynes opposed these and advocated direct state intervention in the economy. There is no doubt that Keynes was a great economist who dared to break the shackles of old ideas, acknowledged the existence of involuntary unemployment, and was the first to put forward the idea of state intervention in the economy, and his contribution to macroeconomics as a whole was enormous. ”

"A country's economic aggregate, aggregate demand and aggregate supply, aggregate national income and composition, money and finance, population and employment, factors and endowments, economic cycle and economic growth, economic expectations and economic policies, international trade and international economy, and so on, these macroeconomic phenomena have been summed up and become the macroeconomics we are going to talk about today."

"Macroeconomics is the study of the utilization of economic resources, including the theory of national income determination, employment theory, inflation theory, business cycle theory, economic growth theory, fiscal and monetary policy."

"So how to use it, how to use it, who will hold this power?" Zhou Nan turned around and wrote a word on the blackboard: government.

Today is Zhou Nan's first class at the University of Lucerne, although the University of Lucerne has been mentally prepared for the lecture, there will be a lot of people listening to the class, but they did not expect that the auditorium they specially vacated was also full.

The University of Lucerne is small, with only two small faculties, the Faculty of Theology and the Faculty of Humanities and History. They also have very few students, only about 300 people, and the campus is pitifully small, and the largest auditorium can only seat 300 people.

Only half of the students came to attend today's lectures, and more than half of them were students and professors from other universities, and many politicians came to attend the lectures.

Those foreigners with a letter of introduction from the embassy or consulate, the External Relations Department of the University of Lucerne, did not have the courage to refuse at all. Because half of the funding for this school comes from churches abroad.

Lucerne's television station also sent two photographers and set up a camera to film Zhou Nan's class.

And Zhou Nan did not disappoint anyone, he analyzed the difference between the classical economy, the modern economy, the free economy and the macroeconomy from the very beginning. Then he began to emphasize the increasingly important role of government, politics, and the economy.

The first class was just a general outline, and there were no ready-made books for Zhou Nan's lectures, so those students buried their heads one by one and memorized what Zhou Nan said.

Zhou Nan was not in a hurry to write this book on political economy, and he planned to wait until this semester to finish his lecture this year, and then prepare for publication.

"The government must play a greater role in the economy, not for the sake of regulation, for the sake of constraints, but for the sake of regulation. Liberal economists may think I'm on the left, but I can tell you unambiguously that I'm absolutely neutral. ”

"No matter what kind of policy, any kind of model, it can only exist because it has certain advantages in itself. And to exist is to be reasonable. There are positives to the liberal economy, and there are commendable advantages in the planned economy. So, how to integrate the advantages of the two aspects and play a more active role in government functions is what I will tell you later. ”

Zhou Nan turned around and wrote the words politics and economics on the blackboard, and then connected them together with a line.

"If you want to know what political economy is, then you must first understand, what is politics? What is Economy? What is the role of politics? What is the specific relationship between politics and economics? ”

……

……

For two hours, Zhou Nan did not stop for a moment except for a few sips of water, and completely listed the overall framework of political economy. This is the content aspect, and in terms of learning, Zhou Nan also explained to the students what books they need to consult and what content they need to understand before the next class, so that they can more easily understand the knowledge taught by Zhou Nan.

At the end of the class, Principal Dutsville was the first to stand up and applaud, which also caused a round of applause in the auditorium.

Zhou Nan waved his hand, didn't even bother to say hello, turned around and walked out.

Etinny greeted him and asked in a low voice, "What's wrong?" ”

Zhou Nan also replied in a low voice: "I can't hold it anymore." ”

He couldn't help but smile and led Zhou Nan out. "The toilet is turning left when you go out, behind the podium, I'll clean up your lesson plan."

The people in the classroom were still wondering, and when they saw Zhou Nan running towards the toilet, they couldn't help but burst out laughing. Following him, there were also many people who couldn't hold back and ran towards the toilet one by one.

Zhou Nan came out easily, nodding his head in front of the people who greeted him, and felt that this scene was really funny.

In the future, either you don't want to teach for such a long time, or you are prepared not to drink too much water at first.

Zhou Nan was invited by the enthusiastic Principal Dutsville to invite him to lunch. Zhou Nan couldn't refuse, so he had to agree to him.

At this time, Soviet Counselor Nikolaev came to Zhou Nan, stretched out his hand to him and said with a smile: "Mr. Zhou, thank you very much for justifying our economic system and admitting that our policy also has certain advantages, but why, Nanhua cannot allow the existence of the Red Party?" ”

Zhou Nan shook his hand and said: "Nanhua is not yet a sovereign country in the traditional sense, and we must respect the reality of the situation and formulate policies that are in line with our actual situation." ”

"That's why a radical revolution is needed, and that's what revolution is all about."

Zhou Nan shook his head and said, "If I were a child, you would be an adult. You've slapped me now, and when I can't beat you, do I wait until I'm older to get revenge? Or do you fight back now and get hurt even more? ”

He nodded, changed the topic and said: "The Soviet education community has always welcomed scholars who can treat the Soviet Union as equals to give lectures, and if possible, I can arrange such a lecture according to Mr. Zhou's time." ”

Zhou Nan squeezed out a wry smile and said: "Although I don't have a formal position, but I have more mundane things than ordinary people, I expected to finish half of my new book this year, but now I am far behind the plan." Before the completion of the new book, I have no plans to lecture on this aspect. ”

"That's a shame."

After a few more pleasantries, Mr. Counselor said goodbye and left, and Zhou Nan had to face other guests again.

It took more than ten minutes for Zhou Nan to send these politicians away, and he was surrounded by a group of students.

The student, who was not familiar with him, shouted, "Professor Zhou, your lecture is so good that I am now interested in economics." ”

There are also enthusiastic schoolgirls who call him Jonas directly. "Jonas, in the next class, do you need to prepare the academic materials of the three masters? Wouldn't it be too difficult to study the differences and theoretical advantages between them? ”

Zhou Nan put on a teacher's shelf and said seriously: "You are only having a preliminary understanding now, and in the next class I will state the differences between political economy and classical economics, modern economics, macroeconomics, and microeconomics. ”

After sending away the enthusiastic students, Zhou Nan looked at Chen Hanlin, who had been by his side and did not leave, and asked, "I taught in German throughout the whole course, can you understand?" ”

"Most of them can be understood, but some technical terms are not understood."

Zhou Nan nodded and said, "I need three students to help me sort out the lesson plan, are you willing to do it?" ”

Chen Hanlin and the others immediately said in surprise: "Of course I do, but ...... There are four of us here......"

Zhou Nan laughed and said, "Then four people......

They all laughed in surprise and were so excited.

For Chen Hanlin, Zhou Nan still appreciates it. Perhaps because of his tutoring, he is personally sensitive to politics and likes to study.

Because his grandfather was dragged down by his father, the speaker had no hope, let alone the prime minister. His father Chen Zhongqing is very capable, but because he was a member of the Red Party before, if he wants to be prime minister, the Dutch may not allow it.

However, he is likely to become the first prime minister of the Chen family. Their Chen family not only has a big family, but also has a great influence on the three generations of grandchildren, so Zhou Nan doesn't mind enveloping him now.

Although it was the principal's treat, I had a school lunch in the school cafeteria. Because it is a church university, although the school is not large, the welfare benefits are better than that of ordinary universities, and the free lunch is average but nutritious.

When he came to the dock, Zhou Nan did not call home. During the day, the hotel picks up people from the pier on a speedboat every hour, and there is no need to wait when you are stuck in time.

When he returns home, he meets Audrey preparing to take a boat to school.

Audrey's school is on the north shore of the lake, but the yacht's dock is on the south shore next to the train station, so she has to drive her own boat at a time.

didn't see Zhou Nan at noon, Audrey was a little depressed, but at this time, she immediately became happy again. He ran back and asked, "Jonas, is the class going well?" ”

"Of course! The students loved my lessons! Glewin, go get busy, I'll take Audrey to school. ”

Glevin smiled and said, "There is just a sheep about to be born, Kelly is watching, and I am still a little worried!" By the way, Jonas, when will the trainer come over, Albert and Sergi can get formal training. ”

Zhou Nan looked at Audrey. Zhou Nan didn't know much about this matter without Audrey. Audrey telegraphed with Marita on weekdays, and the telegram went, and often wrote letters, and she had a lot more contact than Zhou Nan.

"Marita has already picked out the trainer for us, just waiting for us to inform you! When I came back in the evening, I sent her a telegram. ”