The Type 95 torpedo, the official designation within the Japanese Navy is the "Type 95 Acid Torpedo" (the Japanese word for "acid" is oxygen), this torpedo is born from the "powerful Type 93 Acid Torpedo", which is an improved version of the latter and specially provided to Japanese submarines.

In order to fit the dimensions of the torpedo tubes of Japanese submarines, the Japanese designers reduced the length and diameter of the Type 93 oxygen torpedo. The Type 93 acid torpedo has a total length of 9 meters, a diameter of 610 millimeters, and a warhead filled with 490 kilograms of "Type 97 explosives" (in fact, Hexanite explosives invented by Germany before World War I). The Japanese submarine used the British standard 21-inch torpedo tube, so the diameter of the Type 95 torpedo could only be reduced to 533 mm, the length was reduced to 715 cm, and the charge in the warhead was correspondingly reduced to 400 kg, and the fuel carried by the torpedo was reduced compared with the Type 93, resulting in the maximum range of this torpedo being only about two-thirds of the original "spear".

"Spear" is the nickname given by the US Navy to the "powerful Type 93 acid torpedo" in history, and the powerful Navy of the United States of America at that time really suffered a lot from this torpedo. Because the Japanese Navy has done a good job of keeping secrets from the outside world, the US Navy still did not know about the existence of such a torpedo with an ultra-long range until half a year after the outbreak of the Pacific Ocean.

The Type 93 oxygen torpedo was developed to deal with the US Pacific Fleet, and the Japanese Navy pinned great hopes on this weapon, and even regarded it as a "secret decisive weapon" and a killer weapon for the Combined Fleet to win a decisive battle at sea in the Pacific.

After the Washington Treaty, the Japanese Navy in order to make up for the gap in the number of capital ships, began to frantically arm her small and medium-sized ships, torpedoes by the Japanese Navy at that time, as the most effective weapon for small and medium-sized ships against large warships, so the development of a world-leading torpedo in technical performance, put on the table of the Japanese Navy ordnance researchers.

At that time, all countries in the world were developing thermodynamic torpedoes, which have been confirmed to be the mainstream of torpedo power in the next few decades, and in fact, it is true, until the 21st century, thermodynamic torpedoes still occupy most of the torpedoes in the world. The most attractive type of thermodynamic torpedo is the thermodynamic torpedo that uses oxygen as an accelerant.

In fact, Japan had put forward a plan to develop oxygen torpedoes as early as World War I, but because of a series of explosions in the laboratory, this plan was shelved by the superiors.

It was not until the thirties of the twentieth century, when news came from the United States that the range of the guns of the new American cruisers had been increased to 20,000 meters, and under this pressure, the situation of the Japanese Navy's oxygen torpedo project really changed.

In the early 20 th century, with the development of large-caliber artillery technology, the firing range of the navy's main guns began to grow rapidly, from about 10,000 meters before World War I to 450,000 meters in the twenties and thirties, and it took less than 20 years. Not to mention the range of 40,000 or 50,000 meters of battleships, even the main guns of cruisers have reached 20,000 meters now, and the maximum range of torpedoes equipped by the Japanese Navy at that time was only about 10,000 meters.

At this very moment, the Japanese Empire and its navy were facing the threat of an imaginary enemy, that is, the Pacific Fleet, which was solid and powerful in the United States, and in order to deal with this powerful enemy, the Japanese naval staff officers were carefully planning and secretly formulated a "nine-stage battle plan."

Speaking of this plan, we must first start with Theodore. President Roosevelt (Franklin. Roosevelt's distant cousin) said that the elder Roosevelt, who had served as Secretary of the Navy in the Spanish-American War, had a deep understanding of modern warfare, and in order to stop the endless strife-fighting and internal friction between the US Army and Navy, he created the "Army-Navy Liaison Conference" system, which developed into the famous "Joint Chiefs of Staff of the US Army" during World War II.

Participation in this "Army-Navy Joint Conference" was in addition to the two militaries (at that time, the U.S. Air Force and Marine Corps were not separate services. In addition to the chief of staff, there is also the entire Army Staff Corps and the Navy General Affairs Committee, whose responsibility is to draw up a corresponding joint combat plan for the US Army and Navy when the United States encounters an external threat, and to coordinate and cooperate with the services in their daily training, so as to eliminate the differences between the two branches of the armed forces as much as possible.

The first may have been possible with a little effort, but the last one was an impossible task at that time, and the contradictions between the US Army and Navy even exceeded that of seizing every opportunity to dismantle the other side's Taiwan in the face of foreign enemies, in fact, from the first day of the US recruits entering the camp.

Back to the topic, in order to deal with the possible threat to the United States of America, from 1919 onwards, the "Army and Navy Joint Conference" and the command organs of various branches of the armed forces, and even the academies of various services, formulated a series of operational plans, each of which was formulated for a certain region or an independent country in the world at that time, because the code names of the plans were named after colors, so these plans were collectively called "color war plans."

In addition to the "Black Plan" against Germany, there was also the "Red Series" program against the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth countries (Great Britain and Canada - red, Australia - crimson, British India - ruby red, New Zealand - garnet red). There is also the Gold Plan for France, the Silver Plan for Italy, the Olive Green Plan for Spain, and the plans for Portugal, Brazil, Cuba, Iceland, the Dutch East Indies and the Philippines, the Republic of China, and many more... There was even a plan for the White War, which was now suppressed after the Civil War in the United States.

Among them, the plans for Asian countries are all named after the yellow system, and Japan is assigned orange, which is also known as the "orange war plan". The plan was envisaged against the backdrop of a major diplomatic rift between the United States and Japan, which could not be bridged, and the immediate attack of the Japanese Empire on American bases and garrisons in the western Pacific.

The plan foresaw that the U.S. forces stationed on Guam and the Philippines would not be strong enough to withstand an attack by the Japanese Empire, and these U.S. armed forces were ordered to stay on the spot and buy as much time as possible for the mobilization of the U.S. homeland.

At the same time, the U.S. Pacific Fleet shrank to the mainland, making every effort to protect the smooth passage of the Panama Canal and ensure that the main force of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet would cross the canal and join the Pacific Fleet. When the general mobilization of US forces begins, the US Army and Navy will gather overwhelming forces to launch a counteroffensive against the Japanese Empire through the Pacific Ocean, recapture the occupied outposts and colonies, and seize sea supremacy in the waters around Japan, blockading the entire Japanese archipelago, and finally forcing Japan to surrender to the United States.

The core of this plan was to engage the U.S. Navy fleet and the Japanese Combined Fleet in a head-on battle in the style of Jutland in a certain area of the Pacific Ocean close to the Japanese archipelago, and in one fell swoop to defeat the main force of the Japanese Combined Fleet and seize dominance in the western Pacific.

As for the planned final battle, the U.S. Navy thought that the decisive battle would be fought between the Japanese and American battlefleets, and that the American battleship group would have a clear advantage in numbers, armor, and firepower, and that the final winner would be the mighty Amerion.

The US Navy generals would never have imagined that on the other side of the Pacific Ocean, a group of Japanese Navy staff officers were formulating a larger and more detailed "nine-stage battle plan" in order to counter their "Orange Plan."

The fundamental purpose of the US "Orange Plan" is that it is not practical, and to put it bluntly, it is a paper war game played behind closed doors by a group of people suffering from paranoia of victimization, and the fundamental purpose of these plans is mainly to provide a guiding direction for the training of US military units and the development of future tactics. The personnel involved in the formulation of the plan came from a variety of sources, including military personnel and experts in various fields, and it was repeatedly formulated and revised several times, and some of the details inevitably leaked out, so the Japanese Navy quickly deduced the general framework of the orange plan based on the scale feathers collected.

The first three stages of Japan's nine-dan battle plan were carried out by relying on the Japanese Navy's diving fleet. Japanese submarines will set up three interception lines in Japan's coastal waters to intercept the main US fleet advancing in the direction of Japan, and the Japanese submarine group is preparing to launch a concentrated attack by means of torpedo salvos, in an effort to sink and damage some US warships in the process of interception at all levels, so as to achieve the goal of gradually weakening the main US fleet.

The fourth, fifth, and sixth stages of interception will be carried out by the Navy's carrier-based aircraft, submarines, and navy's land-based bomber units, with the goal of further weakening the US fleet's defense capability and destroying as many small and medium-sized ships in the US fleet as possible.

The next three stages will be the highlight of the decisive battle, and the first will be a huge lightning force composed of 64 destroyers and 28 cruisers belonging to the Japanese Combined Fleet, which will use a total of 800 torpedoes and 168 large-caliber guns to launch a surprise attack on the main American fleet at night.

The Japanese Navy calculated that after this night of scuffle, the American fleet would inevitably suffer heavy losses, and even if the remaining ships were safe and sound, the soldiers, physical strength and morale would be seriously reduced. Then it was the turn of daybreak, and a powerful air force composed of eight aircraft carriers made its debut.

If an American battleship was tough enough to withstand thousands of Japanese carrier-based air strikes, she would see the towering mast towers of the Japanese battleships on the horizon in the distance, and the final blow to the formidable enemy would be completed by these invincible steel castles of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

It can be said that throughout the early Showa period, the Imperial Japanese Navy's equipment, technology, personnel training, and tactical development all revolved around this "nine-stage battle plan". And the "Type 93 acid torpedo, which is extremely powerful in our army," is the most important link in realizing this plan.

PS: Thank you for your support, the author will continue to work hard, sorry for only one chapter today, I have to go out tomorrow to run errands, and the update may be a little later.