Statue of Fu Heng

Fu Heng: The "First Prime Minister in the Qianlong Period" of both military and political

There was no prime minister in the Qing Dynasty, and usually as long as the minister entered the military aircraft department, he was called the prime minister. Compared with Ah Gui, Liu Yong, Ji Yun (Ji Xiaolan), He Shen and other well-known auxiliary ministers of the Qianlong Dynasty, Fu Heng's popularity among the people seems to be far less (mainly because of the appearance rate of other people in wild history and film and television dramas). But on the whole, Fu Heng is the "first prime minister in the Qianlong period", and he has served as the foreman and minister of military aircraft for more than 20 years.

Fucha Fu Heng (c. 1720-1770), the name Chunhe, the younger brother of Empress Xiaoxianchun of Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, a famous general and relative of the Qing Dynasty, and a native of Manchuria with the Yellow Banner. During the Qianlong period, he successively served as a guard, a minister in charge of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and a secretary of the household department, and was awarded the title of first-class loyal and brave duke, the foreman of the military aircraft and the prince Taibao, the scholar of the Baohedian University, and the commander of the Ili counterinsurgency.

Fu Heng was born in a famous family, and his ancestor Wangjinu led his people to join him when he raised troops in Nurhachi. His great-grandfather, Hashtun, was the minister of parliament in the Taizong and Shizu dynasties, and was among the highest decision-making centers of the Qing Dynasty at that time. His grandfather Mi Sihan was known to the Kangxi Emperor, and was promoted to the head of the household department, ranking as the Minister of Parliament, he firmly supported the Kangxi Emperor to withdraw the feudal domain, and played a positive role in the restoration and development of social production in the Kangxi Dynasty and the pacification of the rebellion of the three feudatories.

Fu Heng's uncles Muska, Ma Qi and Ma Wu were all very prominent figures in the Kang and Yong dynasties. Fu Heng's father, Li Rongbao, was the official governor of Chahar. At the same time, Fu Heng's sister, Empress Xiaoxianchun, was the first empress of Emperor Qianlong, and was quite loved by Emperor Qianlong because of her frugal nature, and the relationship between husband and wife was very deep. To a certain extent, Fu Heng's good family background prompted Fu Heng to become a pivotal figure in the Qianlong Dynasty in the future.

In addition to his political achievements, Fu Heng's military achievements are also quite prominent. In the thirteenth year of Qianlong (1748), Fu Heng commanded the Battle of Dajinchuan and surrendered to Sha Luoben and his sons. In the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), he led the Qing army to attack Ili and quell the Junggar rebellion.

In the thirty-third year of Qianlong (1768), he gave the scriptures and supervised Yunnan. In April of the following year, he led more than 13,000 soldiers from Beijing and Manchu and Mongolia to fight in Burma in three ways. Later, he joined forces with Ah Gui, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, to attack the old official's tun, so he took advantage of the Burmese army to send an envoy to ask for peace, and the army was dismissed. In the 35th year of Qianlong (1770), he was taught in February and died of illness soon after. Emperor Qianlong personally came to his house to drink wine and praise Wenzhong. In May of the first year of Jiaqing (1796), he was given the title of king of the county with his son Fukang Anping Miaogong, and was enshrined in the temple of virtue.

Statue of Fukangan

Fukangan: The "God of War" who has never been defeated in his life

Fukangan (1754-1796), Fucha clan, the word Yaolin, the name Jingzhai, Manchuria inlaid with the yellow flag, the Qing Dynasty Qianlong period of the famous general, minister. The third son of Fu Heng, a university scholar, and the nephew of Empress Xiaoxianchun. Because he was a descendant of the Fucha family, Emperor Qianlong saw in him the shadow of his early sister-in-law Duanhui Crown Prince Yonglian and the seventh son Yongcong, and Emperor Qianlong put Fucha's nephew into the palace to raise him personally, treating him as if he were his own son.

Fukangan successively served as the governor of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Guangzhou, and was a scholar of Wuyingdian University and the minister of military aircraft. He successively pacified the Gansu Hui Tianwu Uprising, the Taiwan Lin Shuangwen Uprising, the Battle of Gurkha, and the Miaojiang Uprising. In February of the first year of Jiaqing (1796), he blessed Kang An Beizi, died in May of the same year, and was posthumously crowned the king of Jiayong County, nicknamed Wenxiang, worthy of enjoying the Taimiao, and enshrined in Zhaozhong Temple and Xianliang Temple.

In the 36th year of Qianlong (1771), Jinchuan was in chaos again, and Altai and Guilin were at a loss. In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong (1772), Fukangan served as a squire in the household department, and soon moved to Manchuria to be the deputy capital of the Yellow Banner, and was ordered to rush to the Sichuan Army as a counterinsurgency general.

In April of the 40th year of Qianlong (1775), Emperor Qianlong was awarded the title of Minister of the Interior in view of the fact that the Qing army pacified Jinchuan Fukangan as a powerful person on the West Road, and went to Yi to fight in particular. Because Fukangan fought hard with the soldiers in the Battle of Jinchuan, defeated the enemy, initially demonstrated his military talent, and was appreciated by Emperor Qianlong, who attached great importance to martial arts, so he was repeatedly promoted and used. Qianlong criticized in the reply to Fukangan's report:

I learned that the joy of my heart is beyond words! Since Qingfu and his relatives Zhang Guangsi were defeated and humiliated, Er's father decided Jinchuan first, and he decided again today, and Jinchuan has not fought since then! The people of Jinchuan enjoy the blessings of prosperity, and the roads on the Tibetan border can be unblocked. Not only Sichuan is safe, nor is Tibet the only one who benefits, this great achievement is the celebration of billions of people in the world!

In the forty-second year of Qianlong (1777), Fukangan was awarded the post of general of Jilin, and the following year he was transferred to the general of Shengjing.

In July of the 50th year of Qianlong (1785), Fukangan was transferred to the head of the household department, and in the second year, he was transferred to the secretary of the ministry and co-organized the university scholar. Fukangan was relied on by Emperor Qianlong and was granted considerable power.

In addition to pacifying the Jinchuan Campaign, Fukangan also led the army to quell the Hui people rebellion in Gansu and the Lin Shuangwen uprising in Taiwan. Especially in the Battle of Gurkha, Fukang took the lead and showed extremely high military talent

In 1788, in the 53rd year of Qianlong, in order to expand Tibet's import and export trade and open the door to Tibet, the British instigated Gurkha (Nepal) to rebel and invade Tibet twice. After 60 days of hardship, they quickly repelled the invaders and reached less than 100 miles from Kathman. After that, Nepal sued for peace.

The Battle of Nepal shocked the British, and from then on there was a deep fear of the Qing Dynasty, and the southwest gate of China remained undisturbed until it was opened by the British army in 1888.

The victory of the Gurkha expedition to Tibet ensured the tranquility of the Qing Dynasty's borders and the stability of Tibetan society, and successfully safeguarded the territorial integrity of the Qing Dynasty.

In February and March of the 60th year of Qianlong (1795), the Qing government dispatched Fukangan, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, He Lin, the governor of Sichuan, and Funing, the governor of Huguang, to lead more than 100,000 troops from seven provinces to suppress the "Miao King Uprising" gathered in Pinglong. The first battle was won, and Emperor Qianlong made an exception to seal Fukangan as Beizi, and he was the first person outside the clan to be named such a prominent lord alive.

Due to the long journey and intense fighting, Fukangan fell ill in the army, but he continued to supervise the war, and finally died of illness in May of the first year of Jiaqing (1796). Emperor Qianlong was very sad, and posthumously named Fukangan as the king of Jiayong County, deserved to enjoy the temple, and established a special shrine to sacrifice.

Looking at the past dynasties, in addition to Fu Heng and Fukangan, there are only ones who have won the honor of Taimiao at the same time, and it can be said that they are the pillars of Emperor Qianlong's realization of "ten perfect martial arts". As for the folk rumors that Fu Heng enjoyed glory and wealth because his wife was Qianlong's lover, and Fukangan enjoyed glory and wealth because he was Qianlong's illegitimate son, this is the words of folk historians, and it is not worth a glance by historians.

Attached: The 12 ministers of the Qing Dynasty who received the honor of enjoying the Taimiao

Super Heroic Sincere Prince, Gift of Martial Lords: Yanguli

First-class minister, first-class Xinyong Gong, Zhiyi Gong: Fei Yingdong

First Rank Minister, Duke Gift, Duke Hongyi: Forehead is also the same

Minister of the Interior, Second Class Guo Yigong, Zhi Zhongyi: Turg

Zhenghuang Banner Manchurian Commandery, First Class Heroic Prince, Zhaoxun Prince: Turai

The crown prince and the prince, the scholar of the Zhonghe Palace, the posthumous title of the first-class Zhongda Gong, the posthumous gift of the Taishi, and the Wenxiang: Tuhai

Taifu, Baohedian scholar, third-class Xiangqinbo: Ortai

Taibao, Baohedian scholar, third-class Qinxuanbo: Zhang Tingyu (Qianlong was ousted in the fifteenth year, and after the death of Zhang Tingyu in the twentieth year of Qianlong, Qianlong complied with Yongzheng's edict and restored Zhang Tingyu's qualification to be in the Taimiao. ）

The prince Taibao, the co-organizer of the university scholar, the secretary of the criminal department, the first-class martial arts to seek the brave public, the gift of the Taibao, Zhen Wenxiang: Zhaohui

Taibao, Baohedian scholar, first-class loyal and brave duke, posthumously presented to the county king, Zhen Wenzhong: Fu Heng

The crown prince Taibao, Wu Yingdian University Scholar, the first-class Chengmou Heroic Gong, the gift of the Taibao, Zhen Wencheng: A Gui

The crown prince Taibao, Wu Yingdian University Scholar, Fujian and Zhejiang Governor, Zhongrui Jiayong Beizi, the king of the county, Zhen Wenxiang: Fukangan

Governor, give the first class Xuanyong Gong: He Lin, in the first year of Jiaqing, Qing Gaozong ordered to serve the Taimiao, Jiaqing four years, and Shen Xu, Qingren Zong ordered to withdraw from the Taimiao.

Among them, only Zhang Tingyu was Han, and He Lin was withdrawn from the temple because of his brother He Shen.