Chapter 50: The script has changed
In mid-July, after receiving 55,000 Russian troops, Vienna, the capital of Austria, which had been struggling to hold on, finally eased the crisis of being captured a little.
However, the siege was personally commanded by Frederick the Great, the king of Prussia, and an army of up to 90,000 men was mobilized, so it is not yet known who will win and who will lose.
In the Western European battlefield, although the French army had invaded Prussian Westphalia, the French naval fleet did not dare to blockade the Hellgrand Bay where East Hanover was located, so the 25,000 troops from the British mainland easily landed in Hanover, plus the 40,000 Prussian troops stationed in the Magdeburg area on the western border of Brandenburg, ready to form a flanking attack on the 80,000 French troops.
In East Prussia, because the Prussian army had always held on to Königsberg for reinforcements, the 90,000 Russian troops easily invaded the Memel region close to Courland, and quickly crossed the Nemunas River, preparing to occupy the area around Königsberg first.
At the same time, the vassal states, which had been neutral within the Holy Roman Empire, were in danger due to the violent and predatory occupation of Saxony by Prussia. But seeing that France and Russia and other countries had joined the war one after another, they suddenly had some confidence, so some people contributed people, and no one contributed money, and soon cobbled together a 40,000-strong HRE defense army, which was on the way to Vienna.
In view of the frantic counterattack of the anti-Prussian alliance, Frederick the Great once again divided his troops into three lines, in addition to the main attack on Vienna led by him, the Western Route Army cooperated with the British army to block the French, and the Eastern Route Army held on to Königsberg and waited for British support.
However, it is very interesting that there was another problem within Britain, and the Prime Minister Henry Brown, who had previously supported Prussia. Pelham died suddenly, and the new prime minister, William Sr. Pitt also intended to compete with France for the North American and East Indies colonies, but did not support Britain's deep involvement in the war on the European continent.
And the most ridiculous thing is that Britain and Russia have maintained the original aid agreement for a year after the start of the war, Russian timber and furs are still being shipped to Britain to turn into sailing ships and high-end clothing, and British colonial goods and gold coins are also constantly arriving in St. Petersburg... This scene is as witty and funny as the strange sit-down war many years later, in the late thirties of the twentieth century.
In view of the ambiguity of England, Frederick the Great had to make slight changes to the battle plan.
For East Prussia, he ordered the 35,000 troops holding Königsberg to take the initiative and stop the Russian attack at all costs until he captured Vienna.
Similarly, for the Westphalian region on the Western Front, the Emperor's order was to try to stop 80,000 French troops and hold the gateway to the capital Berlin.
For the patchwork army of 40,000 small German vassal states, the emperor decided to solve it first, so he quietly divided 25,000 from the 90,000 troops besieging Vienna to intercept.
At the end of July, 90,000 Russian troops captured the eastern and southeastern parts of Königsberg, gradually approaching the strongest fortress in East Prussia.
After taking Insterburg on the outskirts of Königsberg, Marshal Aplekshin Jr. decided to divide his forces into two routes, one with his own army of 55,000 to the south to capture Allenburg, and the other with an army of 35,000 to the west along the north bank of the River Dapregel, continuing to attack Königsberg's outer line head-on.
As a result, by the beginning of August, the Russian army led by Apleksin the Younger encountered 25,000 Prussian troops rushing from Königsberg to support outside Allenburg.
In history, in order to seize the opportunity, Marshal Apleksin Jr. took the risk of leading the Russian army to try to cut a shortcut through the forest area, but was recognized by Marshal Lewald of Prussia, and then decided to take advantage of the weakness of the slow passage through the forest to prepare to intercept the Russian army at the moment of exiting the forest, which was the famous Battle of Veliky Järgersdorf in the Seven Years' War.
However, because the Russian army was half a month ahead of history, it encountered rainy weather and it was inconvenient to cross the forest, so Marshal Apleksin Jr. attacked Allenburg head-on as originally planned.
In Austria, with the arrival of military supplies and the replenishment of new soldiers, the 60,000 Russian troops led by Saltykov regained their full combat effectiveness and began to cooperate with the Austrian army, and launched a fierce battle with the Prussian army on the periphery of Vienna.
In fact, the total number of defenders of Vienna, including the militia and miscellaneous soldiers, exceeded 70,000, relying on strong walls and defensive fortresses, even if they had no ability to counterattack in the face of 90,000 Prussian troops, they could barely support it. Coupled with the reinforcements that came from Hungary and Transylvania one after another, as well as the Russian army under the command of Saltykov, the ratio of numbers was close to 2:1.
Therefore, the key to the battle of Vienna was to see when the defenders in the city would collapse and the battle for strategic points outside the city.
As early as 1683, when Vienna was besieged by the Ottoman army, which claimed to be 500,000, the Holy Roman Empire and Polish reinforcements used the high ground outside Vienna to carry out long-distance artillery bombardment and cavalry spurts on the Ottoman army, and successfully dispersed the main force of the Ottoman army. Therefore, for such a commanding heights and strategic points, both sides are desperately fighting for it at all costs.