However, careful readers may find that the Mongol harassment of the Ming Dynasty may have been strong at first, but it often did not last long, and after a while, the two sides returned to calm, and there is no historical record that the Ming army went out to attack the Mongol tribes.

The reason for this phenomenon is the concept of the Mongols at that time - the division of family property, the customs of the Mongols are different for the Han people, the throne of the Han people can only be inherited by the crown prince, and the other princes can only be crowned kings, and they will die for a lifetime, so as to ensure the concentration of imperial power, ensure the great unification of the dynasty, and can concentrate the strength of the whole country against foreign enemies in most cases, so under normal circumstances, the national throne can last for a long time.

The custom of the Mongols is that when the father dies, his family property is divided among several sons or younger brothers, just like after the death of Genghis Khan, Mongolia gradually divided into four khanates.

In this way, the power of the state will be dispersed, and it will not be possible to form a joint force against the enemy. Although after the death of Genghis Khan, the pace of Mongol conquest did not stop, and still laid a large area of land, but there was also a little element of luck in this, because Mongolia was already very powerful at that time, even if it was divided into four khanates, it could also beat the world, and the more powerful countries in the world at that time had been destroyed or disabled by Temujin, and it was not a strategic advantage for each Mongolian state. They basically sent someone over to harvest it.

But in the Ming Dynasty, it was different, because of Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di, two more eloquent kings, the system designed by the two of them was perfect, which could ensure that the empire controlled all resources to fight against foreign enemies, and the various systems they designed worked for a long time.

Therefore, although the Ming Dynasty was hacked very badly, his army was the one that maintained its combat effectiveness for the longest time among all dynasties. In the Chongzhen period, internal and external troubles have persisted for so long, and it has to be said that he has a certain strength.

Although the Ming Dynasty was occasionally dominated by the Mongols in the north, the Mongols did not have the strength to destroy him when his huge state apparatus was in operation, and when the wise leader who had finally emerged from the Mongols died, his sons would divide the property, so that the mighty Mongol state would be torn apart again, and it could no longer pose a threat to the Ming Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty took advantage of this, and still maintained an advantage over Mongolia after two hundred years of not leaving the fortress. However, the good times did not last long, the rise of the Houjin during the Wanli period, although Nurhachi shouted fiercely, but he did not have the ability to destroy the Ming Dynasty in his lifetime, after his death, he did not clearly designate who was the heir, according to the general laws of history, several good brothers of the Houjin should divide the family property again, and they will fall into a split, and the Ming Dynasty can sit back and enjoy its success, and successfully solve this huge threat without a fight.

However, history doesn't always allow you to take advantage of such big things. Although Nurhachi did not designate who would be the heir, after a power struggle between the four major beylers and the four small beylers, Huang Taiji finally succeeded in ascending the throne.

Personally, I think that the reason why the Manchus were able to enter the customs, in addition to Nurhachi's credit, the greatest credit is Huang Taiji and Dolgon, without the key decisions made by these two people at a critical time, the Manchus may have been left to fend for themselves in the northeast.

The reason why Huang Taiji was able to ascend to the throne was not because of any conspiracy and trickery, but because he was the only qualified and capable at that time, and everyone else was not qualified. First of all, needless to say, the four little Baylors are all little children, and their hair has not grown, who will listen to you? Direct disqualification.

Of the remaining four beylers, Amin was the first to be excluded because he was Nurhachi's nephew and was not eligible. Mang Gurtai was also ruled out, because he was a fool, his mother couldn't bear to be lonely and cheated, he actually killed his mother with his own hands in order to please Nurhachi, and since then he has become infamous, no one looks down on him, and Nurhachi also hates him.

The rest is Dai Shan and Huang Taiji, it stands to reason that Dai Shan has an advantage over Huang Taiji, because he died of his eldest son, and his ability is not worse than Huang Taiji at all, but he also has a problem - a problem with his life style. It is said that at their level, it is normal to have a little life style problem, there is no need to make a fuss, but his lover is more special, she is Dolgon's mother, that is, Nurhachi's wife.

Although this is a bit nonsense, however, this alone is not enough to take away his heir qualifications, because at that time, Houjin was not yet civilized, and belonged to a semi-barbarian nation, and it was commonplace for his son to engage in Lao Tzu's little wife, and in ancient times, the Huns even had customs, and Lao Tzu died and his little wives were also owned by his son.

The reason why Daishan was disqualified from competing for the Great Khan was due to the stupid decision of a stupid woman, who was his lover and mother of Dolgon, the Ulanara clan. Nurhachi died on the way back from the bath, and he was so fond of Ulanara that he wanted to see her again before he died, and to seize the last trace of warmth.

Ulanala went to see Nurhachi herself, and then Nurhachi died halfway through, and did not rush back, nor did she specify who was the heir, so the woman ran back and said that Nurhachi told her before she died: "Before she died, Nurhachi appointed her son Dolgon as his heir, because Dolgon was still very young, so he first appointed the regent on behalf of Dolgon, and when Dolgon grew up, he would return the throne to him." ”

As soon as these words came out, the four major Baylors all blew up, you are obviously insulting everyone's IQ, according to Nurhachi's shrewdness and sophistication, he will put a few of his older and promising sons not to stand, but to erect Dolgon, who has not grown hair, and has not made an inch? Besides, what is your relationship with Daishan, do you think we don't know? You obviously want your old lover to help you control the government, and wait until your son grows up to dominate the country and kick our old brothers aside. How can we settle with you?

As a result, the three major Baylors except Daishan resisted this so-called edict one after another, and the crowd was excited, and there was a great tendency to eat Ulanala alive. Since Ulanala had no paper papers, and only one sentence from her, the three great beylers forced her to die in the name of her false decree, and in order to avoid future troubles, she was martyred for Nurhachi.

Out of this matter, Dai Shan no longer dared to compete for the position of the Great Khan, he is now a mud bodhisattva crossing the river and it is difficult to protect himself, the other three major Baylors all suspect that he has a conspiracy with the Ulanala clan, in order to avoid suspicion, he took the initiative to give up the position of Khan, and has the only qualified Huang Taiji to ascend the throne.

Therefore, people sometimes have to talk about luck, in terms of ability alone, the other three Baylor are not worse than Huang Taiji at all, but they all happen to have such and such problems, and in the end, only the youngest Huang Taiji can ascend the throne. This shows how important it is to accumulate more virtues and do good deeds, and the more virtues you accumulate, the more good fortune you will have in the future.

Why is Huang Taiji a key figure in the entry of the Manchu Qing Dynasty? Because he mainly did two things: the first thing was to imitate the establishment of state institutions in the Ming Dynasty, and to respect the interests of the Han people. With the snowballing development and growth of the Later Jin, the Eight Banners system originally set up by Nurhachi to manage the bandits has become more and more unable to meet the needs of the Later Jin, so it is necessary to imitate the system of the Illuminated Dynasty to establish a state apparatus to help him control the country.

Secondly, changing Nurhachi's previous policy of discriminating against the Han people to respect the Han people is also a key move, and with the support of the traitors, Houjin can be said to be a tiger with wings in the military. A typical representative is Kong Youde and others, who directly brought the red-coated cannon technology to Houjin, making the Houjin bird gun change and surpassing the Ming army in terms of equipment.

The second thing Huang Taiji did was to get rid of his group of brothers, although he ascended the throne as Khan, but he couldn't do what Nurhachi said back then, although his three elder brothers supported him as the Great Khan, but they did not obey him in their hearts, they did not give Huang Taiji a chance to dictatorship, but adopted the policy of the four major Baylors taking turns to govern. That is to say, the four of them sat side by side in the position of the Great Khan, accepted the worship of the ministers, and took turns to govern, one of them worked for a month, and no one wanted to eat more.

At the beginning, Huang Taiji was fledgling and had to compromise with them and accept their ideas, but this kid had a bad stomach and slept at night thinking about finding fault with their brother. He first used his status as the Great Khan to actively support and win over Dolgon and others, so as to fight against the other three major Baylors, otherwise how would Dolgon become a regent in the future, it started here.

Secondly, he also took advantage of his position to send those battles that were easy to fight and meat-eating battles to his cronies to fight, and when he won the battle, he took advantage of this to increase his rank and strengthen the strength of his descendants. And those tough battles, bad battles, battles that they could not win at a glance, were assigned to their three elder brothers to fight, and after they lost, they used this as an excuse to weaken their power.

Although these three Baylors knew that he had a bad stomach, they were helpless, after all, he was a legitimate Great Khan, and there would be no good fruit to eat if they openly confronted him.

The first to see the situation clearly was Dai Shan, he saw at a glance that Huang Taiji this kid was not a fuel-efficient lamp, and he would definitely be able to do something in the future, so he took the initiative to turn against the water, took refuge in Huang Taiji's side, and helped him fight against the other two big Baylors, therefore, he also got the title of Prince Heshuoli, and became the first **** in the history of the Qing Dynasty, and the longest **** of the title.

Huang Taiji did these two things well, and gradually controlled all the Houjin in his hands, avoiding the division of property as soon as Lao Tzu died like the Mongols, thus maintaining a strategic offensive posture against the Ming Dynasty.

After the death of Huang Taiji, the Qing Dynasty once again came to the threshold of history, and the two people who had the strength and prestige to inherit the throne were Dolgon and Hauge. They are of equal strength, and their combat exploits are similar. However, Haoge is the son of Huang Taiji, so he has an advantage in this regard, and his succession to the throne is legitimate and legitimate. Therefore, Dorgon's men advised him to stand on his own feet and pull the team away on his own, as Shi Dakai did in later generations.

Although it was said that with Dorgon's strength at that time, even if he was self-reliant, Hauge could not help him, but Dolgon was a man of general knowledge, and he refused to stand on his own. His reason is that although the Ming Dynasty was defeated in the Battle of Songjin, the hundred-legged insect died but did not stiffen, and it was a great country that had been established for more than 200 years, and its heritage was still very rich. Soon after the Battle of Songjin, didn't Wu Sangui quickly gather the remnants of the defeated army to defend Ningyuan and stabilize the Ming Dynasty's position in Liaodong? Therefore, he believes that although the Ming Dynasty is now out of disadvantage, it still cannot be underestimated, if we engage in separatism, engage in internal fighting, weaken our own strength, and wait for the Ming Dynasty to put down the peasant uprising in the country, and then turn the gun to fight us, we will be in danger.

Being able to keep a clear head after a big victory and still be able to keep a clear head, I have to say that Dorgon is a figure. In the end, under the guidance of his strategic idea of unity above all else, the two sides decided to appoint Huang Taiji's son as emperor after some bargaining, but Hauge changed it to six-year-old Fulin, and Dolgon served as regent, thus uniting the Qing Dynasty once again to avoid being divided again, thus laying a solid foundation for their entry into the customs.

Having said all this, I actually want to prove that we should not look down on the ancient northwest region, and do not think that the agricultural civilization must be stronger than the animal husbandry civilization, everyone is low-tech.

In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, although the prosperity of the northwest region guarded by Zhu Ao was much worse than that of the south of the Yangtze River, it was not because the northwest region was a place where birds did not, but because of the war and Feng Sheng's abandonment of the land, it was completely desolate, and a large number of pastures and fertile fields were destroyed, and they became as worthless as deserts.

As mentioned above, the land of the Hexi Corridor is a place where water and grass are very abundant, and when Huo Qubing took it from the hands of the Huns, the Huns said very sadly: "The loss of my Qilian Mountain has made my six animals not rest; The loss of my self and the mountains have made my wife colorless. This shows how heavy the losses were.

After successive generations of management from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, Hexi became a prosperous place after Chang'an, Luoyang and Suzhou and Hangzhou, because it not only had a large area of oases, which was suitable for grazing and farming, but most importantly, it was also a necessary place for the Silk Road. As a link between China and the West, business and travel from various countries are endless, and money is needed for food, drink and Lazar, which has led to the rapid development of the local economy. Therefore, it has the name of "Jin Zhangye, Yin Wuwei".

Unfortunately, after the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty's national strength declined and was unable to resist the invasion of the western ethnic minorities, and the Hexi Corridor was gradually occupied by foreigners in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. For hundreds of years, it did not return to the hands of the Han Chinese.

It was not until after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty that Zhu Yuanzhang launched the Battle of Lingbei and ordered Feng Sheng to lead the partial division through the northwest to contain the Mongolian army there.

It is a pity that the battle of Lingbei ended in a fiasco, the middle route army led by Xu Da was ambushed by Wang Baobao, suffered heavy losses, and fled back to Senei in embarrassment, and the Mongol army re-pressed to the front line of the Great Wall, so that Feng Sheng was in danger of being closed and beaten by dogs, coupled with his "fear of the Uighur soldiers", so he abandoned the land west of the river, withdrew to the east of Lanzhou, and in line with the principle of not leaving a single bullet for the enemy, razed the land west of the river to the ground, which made the land west of the river desolate, and the harmful Zhu Ao had to rebuild.

Therefore, occupying the northwest, there is no need to be bitter all day long, as long as we make rational use of the resources here, fully realize the huge advantages of being suitable for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, and the huge geographical advantage of being on the only road on the Silk Road, and immerse ourselves in hard work and strive to carry out construction, it is possible to build it no worse than the south of the Yangtze River.

Therefore, the students of the military academy and the public compulsory school are very blessed, not only can they go to school for free, but the food is absolutely good, and with the developed animal husbandry of the country, they can definitely ensure that they have meat every meal. This is simply a paradise compared to the ordinary people in the Central Plains, they are not the masters who can eat meat every meal, and it is very good to eat it a few times a month.

Not only schools, but even ordinary people in Suzhou can eat meat every day, because meat is really cheap in Suzhou, especially mutton, which is suitable for animals raised on the grassland, and the price in the mainland is several times worse. After the construction of Zhu Hao's large livestock farm, it not only ensured the needs of the country, but also exported all kinds of meat, and the export object was naturally the nine-sided region of the Ming Dynasty. Those soldiers worked hard to farm and train to fight, who didn't want to eat something good, the meat of Suguo tasted authentic, and the price was also very fair, it was really the best choice.

Zhu Ao used the money he earned from selling meat to invest in other industries, or directly import strategic materials such as salt and iron needed by the country from the mainland, so that all the resources in his hands could be effectively operated, realize his maximum value, and lick bricks and tiles for the construction of the country.

Zhu Ao and three entourages shared a table with four military cadets, and the four cadets didn't know Zhu Ao, so naturally they didn't pay any attention to etiquette with him, picked up the white-flour steamed buns, and ate them with stewed mutton and those dishes, and talked about today's training while eating.

"Today's five kilometers can exhaust us to death, I heard that this is just the most basic training, our king's requirements are really high, higher than the requirements of His Majesty the Emperor." A student was eating steamed buns with mutton and complained to the classmates around him.

"Look at your little bit of talent, what is the king raising us for? Haven't let you go into battle to kill the enemy, and you can't stand it after a few steps? ”

"That is, let you run for a few years, train your body well, and you will not be ridiculed by others when you marry a daughter-in-law in the future. Hahaha. ”

"Fuck your uncle, Lao Tzu is better than you now when he marries a daughter-in-law." The person who spoke at the beginning turned red with ridicule, and angrily shook the face of the person just now with chopsticks.

"What? Do? Did the king's hard work to fetch you food make you fool? Don't want to eat and get out! The instructor who was supervising in the cafeteria saw this scene and scolded with a tiger face.

These students, who were still playing and frolicking just now, heard the instructor's heavy drinking, and no one dared to make a sound, and began to bow their heads and eat like cats.

Because according to Zhu Ao's regulations, students must unconditionally obey the instructor's instructions in school, otherwise they will be punished very severely, such as deducting credits and not being able to graduate, and eating military law.

The meal time was only a quarter of an hour, Zhu Ao didn't say a word, sat in his place and ate a few bites, and then withdrew from the cafeteria with the students.

In the evening, Zhu Ao did not go back, but found a single room in the military academy to stay, because he also arranged other projects at night, and wanted to stay here to see how it went?

After a series of events, including a five-kilometer cross-country course, the cadets of the military academy who had been training for a day were all tired enough, and after the school gave the signal to sleep, they all spread out on their beds and fell asleep.

Unexpectedly, before he slept for long, the door of the dormitory was kicked open with a "bang", and an instructor scolded with a tiger face: "Get up quickly, if you don't gather in the playground after the drum sounds, you will be deducted credits." "It's as if these students owe him money.

"What's the situation? Still don't let people live? One of the students pouted and complained that he was before he woke up, and that feeling was really infuriating.

"What nonsense are you talking about? Hurry up and get up! When the time comes, the credits will be deducted, and you can't blame others for not finishing your studies! The instructor shouted at the top of his lungs, and this shouting probably woke up the entire dormitory students.

Although those students were extremely reluctant, their own future was at stake, so they had to get up, hurriedly get dressed, and walk towards the playground.

It is worthy of the children of the officers, all of whom gathered in the center of the playground before the drum sounded, and they were all dressed in whole clothes, standing there neatly waiting for the instructor's lecture.

"You're too slow! At this rate, when you get to the battlefield, you will already be digging your nest! Now the night march subject is trained, and everyone lights torches and follows the instructor at the head of the platoon. Let me make it clear to you first, we are going to the hinterland of Qilian Mountain, if any of you don't wake up and fall behind and are eaten by tigers, then no one else can be blamed! The instructor was still dissatisfied with them, and shouted with a tiger face as if someone else owed him money.

None of the more than 3,000 cadets dared to disobey the order, and all of them turned around, held torches, and marched with the instructors at the head of the platoon.

This is the training method formulated by Zhu Ao, the first three months are hell on earth, which will make this group of officers regret coming here, the purpose is not only to exercise their physical strength and martial arts, but also to exercise their strong will to fight, otherwise they want to give up when they encounter a little difficulty, what kind of climate can it become, it is definitely not the steel-like army they want.

"Let's go! Come on! If any of you can't stand it anymore, call it quit, and after you quit, you won't have to suffer this sin anymore. Of course, your hereditary position cannot be inherited, it has to be inherited by your younger brother, and you can only be an ordinary military household. If there is anything to quit, shout report! The instructor joked at the group of students as he walked, although he was shouting for them to quit, but everyone could hear that this was cheering them up, and clearly told them that after quitting, their jobs would be gone.

None of the 3,000 students responded, and all of them moved forward with one mind.

Zhu Ao had already gotten up, of course he wouldn't go to train with these students, but he was looking at this group of people who were still working hard for his family from a distance, and this feeling was really cool.