Zhou Hexuan pushed open the window and looked condescendingly at Wangping Street (later Shandong Middle Road). This short street is alive all day long, from dawn to night, and the streets are full of newspaper sellers, men, women and children.

This is the gathering place of newspapers in Shanghai, and the price of newspapers is relatively cheap, some people come here on foot to buy newspapers, and many newsboys buy here. Especially at dawn every day, when the "Declaration" and "News" were published, it was like a torrent that swept through Wangping Street and vented towards several nearby streets.

"Shanghai's newspaper industry is really prosperous." Zhou Hexuan couldn't help but sigh.

Shi Liangcai walked to Zhou Hexuan's side, looked at the street scene below, and said with a smile: "It's all developed little by little." Eighteen years ago, when I took over the "Declaration", Wangping Street was still relatively remote, and there was even a wasteland beyond it. ”

Zhou Hexuan smiled miserably: "Boss Shi, I suddenly remembered Huang Yuansheng and Shao Piaoping, it's not easy to be a newspaper person." ”

"It's not easy, both of them are the backbone of Chinese newspaper people." Shi Liangcai sighed.

Huang Yuansheng was born during the reign of Yuan Shikai, he was resolutely opposed to Yuan Shikai's claim to be emperor, and fled to the United States in order to avoid the pursuit of the Beiyang government, which led to a greater misunderstanding.

Huang Yuansheng's English name is Yuan-Yung Huang (黄远勇), and after being reported in American newspapers, he was mistaken for Yuan Shikai's cronies (Yuan, Yuan homonym), and made a special trip to the United States to help Yuan Shikai advocate for the emperor.

So Huang Yuan died and died, killed by the assassination of the revolutionary party. The order for the assassination came from Sun Yat-sen, and Lin Sen, later chairman of the Nanjing Nationalist Government, was in charge.

After the killing, it was discovered that the killing was wrong, and the revolutionary party killed the revolutionary party, and splashed dirty water on Yuan Shikai.

So much so that the mainstream view now is that Yuan Shikai killed Huang Yuansheng, who is also known as "China's first reporter in the true modern sense" and has become a model for countless newspaper people during the Republic of China. Even in the 21st century, journalism textbooks in New China still use Yuan Shikai's assassination of Huang Yuansheng.

Of course, Zhou Hexuan will not help Yuan Shikai avenge his grievances, the main messenger Sun Yat-sen is now the father of the country, and the commander Lin Sen is also an important member of the Kuomintang Party, and their killings are mainly due to misunderstanding. And if Huang Yuansheng does not go far to the United States, he will most likely be poisoned by Yuan Shikai if he stays in China, and at least he will be arrested and imprisoned.

But it is undeniable that Huang Yuansheng's death belongs to the benchmark, like a monument standing in the Republic of China newspaper circles, inspiring countless Republic of China newspaper people to fight for democracy and freedom.

Huang Yuan died at the hands of "Yuan Shikai", Shao Piaoping died at the hands of Zhang Zuolin, and Shi Liangcai was about to die at the hands of Chang Kaishen. It seems that no matter which dictator holds power, there are newspaper people who want to "sacrifice" for this, and the Republic of China has never lacked newspaper people who are iron-clad and dare to tell the truth.

Zhou Hexuan said: "Chinese newspaper people must have their own organization. ”

"Does Mr. Zhou have a charter?" Shi Liangcai asked.

Zhou Hexuan took out a manuscript and said: "Mr. Shi, please see, if there are any omissions, you can still correct them." ”

Shi Liangcai took it over and read it carefully, only to see that this plan book was very perfect, with details such as "Declaration of the China Newspaper Association" and "Brief Memorandum of the China Newspaper Association".

What makes Shi Liangcai feel most recognized is that Zhou Hexuan also defined the newspaper and summarized a "industry ethics":

"Newspapers have four attributes,

First: political attributes. Newspapers are tools of politics, and this is a fundamental principle of journalism. However, no matter which party the newspaper is, it should abide by the most basic principle, that is, it must not betray the country and the interests of the people, otherwise it will be a national thief.

Second, the journalistic attribute. Newspapers are the carriers of news dissemination, which is the most fundamental value of newspapers. News reports should be based on facts, and should not distort reports or fabricate indiscriminately, which is the professional ethics of all newspaper personnel.

Third, cultural attributes. Newspapers are the carriers of cultural dissemination and a powerful tool for improving the quality of the people and increasing their horizons. Newspapers should not violate social morality, should not promote negative and inferior views, and should not advocate vulgar and absurd atmospheres.

Fourth, commodity attributes. Newspapers are also commodities, and commodities naturally chase profits. However, newspapers should not forget their interests and righteousness, should not take people's money and eliminate disasters for others, and should not indiscriminately publish false advertisements for the sake of advertising expenses.

The professional ethics of the newspaper can be summarized into 12 words: do not betray the country, tell the truth, abide by morality, and put righteousness first. ”

Shi Liangcai couldn't help but admire: "Mr. Zhou's high opinion, the four attributes of newspapers you have summarized summarize all the characteristics that newspapers should have. As a result, the professional ethics of newspaper people are also regarded as the industry standard for all newspaper people, and Mr. Zhou is truly the first theorist in the newspaper industry. ”

Zhou Hexuan said: "I will ask people to contact the newspapers in the northern region, and the south will ask Mr. Shi, let's join hands to participate in the grand event!" ”

"Hahaha, it is an honor to participate in the event, Shi is very honored." Shi Liangcai laughed.

The next day, "Declaration", "News" and "Ta Kung Pao" simultaneously published information calling on colleagues in the press to jointly establish the "China Newspaper Association" and published Zhou Hexuan's definition of the four attributes of newspapers, as well as the "12-character professional ethics" of newspaper people.

Due to the great influence of the three major newspapers, they immediately aroused enthusiastic responses from all walks of life, and cultural celebrities expressed their support for it. Newspapers across the country, such as "Morning Post", "New Tianjin Daily", "Yishi Daily", "Oriental Daily", "Northeast Daily", "Huaxi Daily", and "Jinyang Daily", also published editorials one after another, and everyone agreed to gather in Shanghai during the New Year's Day to discuss the preparations for the establishment of the "China Newspaper Association."

The industry guild is actually a collection of interests, one is to maintain the order of the industry internally, and the other is to protect the interests of the industry externally.

Just like businessmen organize chambers of commerce, only with strength can they resist foreigners and the government, and after being wronged, everyone joins together to make trouble, even foreigners and the government have to bow their heads.

No, Chen Dezheng, who has been madly attacking the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce, was just detained and placed under house arrest by Chang Kaishen a few days ago, which is a sign by the Nanjing government to the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce.

Since the late Qing Dynasty, China's newspapers have often been suppressed by the government, and now that someone has initiated the establishment of an industry association, countless newspapers immediately want to join, nothing more than to strengthen their own strength.

What Zhou Hexuan and Shi Liangcai did not expect was that the newspapers of the major organs of the Kuomintang also wanted to get involved, and even wanted to control the newspaper association that was about to be formed.

After discussions between Zhou Hexuan and Shi Liangcai, they decided to set up "dual headquarters" and set up two headquarters of the newspaper association in Shanghai and Tianjin. Even if the Kuomintang wanted to join, it would be difficult to reach out to the north.

The Kuomintang wants to use the Press Association to control the press, and the press can also use local forces to resist the Kuomintang.

For example, the Nanjing government wants to deal with the newspapers in Shanghai, and the newspapers in Shanxi, Northeast China, and Guangzhou, which can stand up and help speak, are all places where Chang Kaishen is beyond his reach.

At that time, the Kuomintang will have to weigh everything it does, and if it wants to assassinate Shi Liang, it will have to consider the consequences.

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