In June of the fifth year of Chengtian, China and Austria reached the "Sino-Austrian Alliance Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Assistance" in Nanjing:

1. The High Contracting Parties undertake to make joint efforts to take all necessary measures with a view to putting an end to acts of aggression, direct or indirect, by Russia or other States. In the event that either of the High Contracting Parties is in a state of war as a result of an invasion by Russia or a State allied with Russia, the other High Contracting Party shall use all its power to provide military and other assistance.

2. Neither of the High Contracting Parties shall conclude any alliance against the other or join in any group or in any act or measure against the other.

3. The two States Parties shall consult with each other on all major issues concerning the common interests of China and Austria in accordance with the interests of consolidating peace and general security.

4. The High Contracting Parties undertake to develop and consolidate economic and cultural relations between China and Austria in the spirit of friendship and cooperation, and in accordance with the principles of equality, mutual benefit, mutual respect for national sovereignty and territorial integrity and non-interference in each other's internal affairs, to provide each other with all possible economic assistance and to carry out the necessary economic cooperation.

5. This Treaty shall enter into force immediately upon its ratification by the Emperors of the two sides, and the instruments of ratification shall be exchanged in Istanbul.

This Treaty shall be in force for a period of twenty years, which shall be extended for a period of ten years if no of the Contracting Parties expresses its wish to absolve it within one year preceding the expiration of the Treaty, which shall be extended in accordance with this Act.

The signing of the "Sino-Austrian Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Assistance" was open and transparent, and the signing of the agreement between the two sides was carried out under the verification of one reporter after another; on the same day, all the newspapers in Nanjing City took down the headlines that had been set, and at the same time, the news spread to all directions overnight.

Many people already know about the Ottoman Empire, but the signing of this alliance still made the word Ottoman immediately become more popular in the country.

The Yangtze River Publishing House under the name of the Li family took the opportunity to publish Xie Qinggao's travel notes, although Xie Qinggao's travel notes did not fully describe the Ottomans, but the Ottoman Empire also had a part of the proportion. Naturally, it took advantage of the situation and caught fire!

The Ottoman Empire, which has a history of almost 500 years, first made many Chinese who have only heard of its name and have no deep understanding of it in a long time. After all, after the 800-year Zhou Dynasty, from the Qin and Han dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were almost no rivers and mountains in 300 years of Chinese history. [Two Han Dynasty and Two Song Dynasty, I have never regarded them as one country]

And the country of the Ottomans was indeed really awesome for a while.

From the fifteenth century to the seventeenth century, the Ottoman Empire could be said to have single-handedly struck the whole of Europe for two or three hundred years. Although the Europeans at that time had already started the Age of Discovery, the Ottomans were also a sword above the head of the entire Western civilization. At that time, the enemies of the Ottoman Empire were not only Austria and Russia, but also Britain and France, Poland and Italy.

Although the Chinese consider themselves to be the 'kingdom of heaven and heaven', they are also amazed by the glory of the Ottoman Empire.

It was an unforgettable touch of green in human history!

Even though the Ottoman Empire has declined in the past hundred years and has been beaten again and again by Austria and Russia, the Chinese' habit of looking at the background has made them identify with the Ottoman Empire's 'ally' to a certain extent.

- This glorious empire is qualified to be the younger brother of the Celestial and Imperial Empires.

In a number of secret treaties that could not be made public, China promised a series of aid to the Ottoman Empire, from the establishment of military academies to military instructors; From military technology to real money. At the same time, the Ottoman Empire also promised the right to help China gain a foothold in the Gulf of Aden, which means that Yemen, the eastern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, was included in China's sphere of influence.

China also provided shipbuilding technology, medical care, and industry to the Ottomans, but this was purely an addition, and the Ottoman Empire also had its own Western-style sailing fleet. The navy was also the most numerous of the Ottoman Empire's naturalized pashas. It was a very early custom for Europeans to convert to Celestial Religion and then become high-ranking generals in the Ottoman military. In terms of medicine and industry, the Ottomans did not balance the influence of the Order, which was not a big prospect for development at all.

Potemkin and his entourage, who had already traveled to Xinjiang, saw the newspaper in Urumqi, even though six days had passed. But they were able to see such an important news on the eve of leaving China, and that was already God forbid.

"Muravyov definitely protested to the Chinese emperor. But who will heed the cries of the losers? "Tseberkdorji secretly laughed. China was truly allied with the Ottoman Empire, and as a Turkut nobleman who had lived under Russian rule for more than thirty years, how could Tsebek Dorzi not understand what that meant?

And look at the covenant on this.

China and the Ottomans were completely tied together. Whoever wants to move the Ottomans again in the future will be declaring war on China together. Just like the French are now with Spain. When the treaty had completed the final formalities in Istanbul, the Ottoman Empire would declare war on Spain and even France, because China had already declared war on Spain. Even though the Ottomans were still far from the Spaniards, the so-called declaration of war was entirely a verbal formality, including the Ottomans against the Gallic rooster.

So what to do? It's just a formality. If the Ottomans had enough strength, they would have supported China first, and then let China fight Spain.

Just as after Austria declared war on the Ottoman Empire, China did the same. Because China simply can't reach Austria.

But this role would be different if it were changed to a Russian. If Russia were to make another move against the Ottomans, then they would have to consider the threat of the Chinese.

Does this mean that in the future, the Russians will have to invest a lot of manpower, material resources and money in Siberia?

Otherwise, if China starts to attack Russia, then isn't Russia covered in blood all at once?

Lake Baikal has been renamed Beihai by China.

A large number of Mongols and Han Chinese are migrating there, and the Russian Siberian region east of Lake Baikal is constantly under the most serious threat from the Chinese, that is, a sharp axe, slashed heavily in the center of Siberia.

If the Russians don't want to lose all of Siberia, or at least Eastern Siberia, they have to be fully prepared against China.

Zebekdorzi's not stupid brain told him that the good days of the Turks had come. Because the Turkut tribe has already formed a blood feud with the Chinese, the Turkut tribe, which has won the trust of Russia, is undoubtedly the best choice for the Russians to fill the gap in Siberia.

However, the climate and water and grass in Siberia are far from being comparable to the steppes on both sides of the Volga that the Turks now occupy, and even if the Russians are domineering, they must give up huge benefits to the Turks in order to make them willingly sell their lives.

The Russians have always been very hostile to the autonomy of the Turkut tribes, because of the existence of the Oirat Code, the Russians could not even enforce the law in the Turkut tribes, and their influence could not really penetrate into the tribes. With a total size of more than 40,000 tents and 200,000 people, the Turghut tribe existed like a small independent kingdom on both sides of the Volga River.

Catherine II dreamed of the real domestication of the Turghut tribe, not as it is now, but like China's land reform, with empty titles and short-term benefits to feed the high-level nobles of the Turghut tribe, and then eat two or three hundred thousand Turghut herdsmen in one bite.

Although the performance of the Turkut tribe over the years and the endurance of humiliation by Voba Sikhan over the years have made St. Petersburg trust the top of the Turkut tribe very much, these cannot stop the realization of St. Petersburg's will.

In the past few years, St. Petersburg has successively established the Kalmyk Tribunal in Astrakhan Zargu and the Kalmyk Administration, the name of Kalmykia is St. Petersburg's name for the Turghut tribe, which found the resolute opposition of Vobasi Khan and the entire Turghut tribe. Then St. Petersburg abolished those two departments, but in a blink of an eye the Kalmyk Quartermaster Office was established, headed by a Russian government official and three Turkut nobles as clerks, mainly to collect taxes and levy troops. The Quartermaster Office was again strongly opposed by the Turks, and the Quartermaster Office was forced to abandon. The Kalmyk office was set up in St. Petersburg, which was still met with widespread resentment among the Turkut tribes. The last news that Zeberkdorzi received from the tribe before coming to China was that St. Petersburg had once again changed its tactics and abolished the Kalmyk office in favor of the Kalmyk Office.

Catherine II, who played a dazzling set of tricks, would never have imagined that the Turkut tribe would be China's internal response, so this play would be wonderful.

When Zeberk Dorji thought of the pride, he couldn't help but sing a song. He looked at Potemkin's bitter face, and indescribable happiness surged deep in his heart.

What is a mortal enemy?

That is, the enemy's unhappiness is his greatest happiness.

That is, the unhappiness built on the enemy is the greatest happiness of oneself.

Driven by the Russians, the Turghut tribe fought for it, and how many people have died over the years. This is a mortal enemy who does not share the heavens!

Tsebak Dorji could imagine the joy of the people of the sweat tent when the news reached the ears of the Khan of Wobasi.

Although this news did not spread to the middle and lower levels at all, not to mention ordinary civilians, even ordinary middle-level nobles, they did not know the truth of the original war.

If you want to deceive the enemy, you must first deceive yourself. Otherwise, there are many people and there are too many people, and the risk is too great!

But the most bitter person at this time was definitely not Potemkin. The alliance between China and the Ottoman Empire was expected in St. Petersburg for a long time, wasn't it? Now I just feel that the alliance treaty reached between China and Austria is too close. The most bitter were the Dutch in Batavia, Robert in Shanghai, Watson, Brontë, Dyquelmar, and Perrière in Nanjing.

Why?

Because at this time, the merchant ships sent from Europe finally arrived in the East, and they brought the latest news to the Dutch, British, French and other representatives in China.

Of course, Perrière did not receive the instructions from Paris to 'declare war on China', because at this time the news of China's capture of Manila had only recently reached Europe, and the reason for Perrier's bitterness was that there were only three French merchant ships that had come to China this year, and the merchant ships had also brought the latest news from India. The unarmed French strongholds in India were attacked and blockaded by the British. Such a move by the British was opposed by Indian maharajas, such as Haider Ali Khan of Mysore. But this form of the British holding the initiative really overshadowed Perrier.

The situation on the North American continent did not change significantly, and although the morale of the Continental Army was greatly raised after the support of the Faschists, London was not blind. Of course, knowing the crucial nature of this time, he also sent troops to strongly support North America, that is, in this year, the British army occupied the important coastal city of Savannah in Georgia, ravaged most of Georgia, and established a pro-British regime. The annihilation of 5,000 Continental armies at the time of the fall of Savannah cast a heavy shadow over the North American war.

There was also some top-secret news from Paris, such as that the home fleet of France and Spain was preparing to form a combined Grand Fleet to attack the British mainland. At the same time, Paris asked Perrière to use his good relations with China's top level to get a batch of weapons from China to send to Mysore, India. Sultan Haider Ali of Mysore had strong anti-British tendencies and was supported by many Indian kingdoms such as Hydbara, Marat, Punjab, etc., and India was about to break out into a war against the British in which all forces participated and spread in all regions, which was already going on in some places and about to go in some places!

But as things stand, how could Perrier still send a large number of arms to support Mysore?

And the bitterness of the British and the Dutch is the same thing.

Watson felt like a big idiot. At the beginning, he gave up the goodwill of the Chinese and chose to firmly support the Netherlands, but what is the meaning of London now? Parliament had a tendency to drive the Dutch into the war—not on the side of the Kingdom of Great Britain, but on the opposite side of London. Watson was about to collapse.

"Oh, my poor husband." The glamorous countess's comfort could not make Watson even hadder. He could now imagine the mockery of himself from the top of London. When everything can be made public, he will simply become a joke for the whole of Europe.

But how can he really be blamed for this?

Since the Dutch completely abandoned the threat of force, the Anglo-Dutch alliance had lasted far too long. A large amount of British government debt was held by the Dutch. The two of them are a natural pair!

- One has money, the other has a fist.

But is this current war really too important for North America? Or do you have your own considerations of not being qualified? London actually wanted to push the Netherlands against itself. What's really going on in Europe?

Thousands of thoughts were turning in Watson's head, and his head was going to explode.

Brontë was as confused as Robert, and the three people gathered at the embassy in Nanking were stunned by this fact at the same time, and at the same time their heads were big.

A question is in front of them: how to bring them closer to China? How can this meaning of London be naturally conveyed to China?

You can't tell Chinese straight that you can now attack Batavia with confidence......

The 180° shift in London's attitude is essentially a strategic insistence.

The North American War had become a protracted war, and the participation of France and Spain in the war did not quickly tilt the scales of war in favor of the Continental Army, and both sides had already seen the possibility of a long-term continuation of the war. Then the British and the French and Spanish countries will have to create favorable conditions for their victory.

In war, in a war fought to achieve a certain goal, even if that goal is to occupy a specific territory or position, and directly attack the coveted place, from a military point of view, it may not necessarily be the best way to obtain it. So, the goal of military activity may not necessarily be what the belligerent governments want to achieve, especially in a war that could be called a total war.

This is something that anyone who looks at the problem from a strategic perspective can realize it.

Thus, such a target that goes on attack in order to win the ultimate goal has its own name - the target of attack.

In the critical study of any war, it is first necessary to make clear the objectives coveted by each belligerent; It is then necessary to consider whether the chosen target of the military attack and, if successful, is most likely to achieve the objectives of the belligerent government.

- For example, the Battle of Yuxianggui was fought when the little devil was about to perish. The war was fought directly against China, but the ultimate goal of that war was to open up the mainland communication line to the south, in an attempt to contact the Japanese army in Nanyang, which had been cut off from sea communication, in order to protect the safety of maritime communication between the mainland and the East China Sea. and to destroy many of the Allied air bases in China that could launch air strikes on the Japanese mainland.

China's Yuxianggui is a target.

The main belligerents in the Battle of 1778 were Great Britain on one side and the Bourbon dynasty on the other, which controlled the two great kingdoms of France and Spain. Britain was now at a disadvantage in terms of its strongest navy, so why did London push the Dutch against itself?

That's because the military power of the Dutch was completely insignificant. The Franco-Spanish alliance with the addition of the Dutch also did not strengthen significantly. By forcing the Netherlands into the war, Britain could get a favorable military condition, because the strength of its opponents did not increase, and its opponents had several more strategic points on their side, and the Dutch did not need to worry too much about the safety of their homeland, but what about the overseas colonies? Those few important but weakly defended military and commercial positions were opened to the armed forces of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

In a word, the British saw the Netherlands as a fat sheep, as their own compensation target.

Once the Dutch entered the war, many of the Dutch colonies overseas would become the target of the British fleet, which would not only contain the Franco-Spanish troops, but also allow the British to get enough compensation from the Dutch even if they did lose the most promising colony on the North American continent.

It was difficult and costly to defeat the Franco-Spanish alliance with the strength of the Kingdom of Great Britain, but it was not difficult to defeat the Dutch, who had degenerated from a coachman at sea to a great windmill. The Dutch now intervened in the war, which provided the best reason for the Anglo-Dutch war again in the future. London has absolute certainty that if the windmill is pushed to the ground and rubbed and rubbed, then the large amount of British government bonds held by the Dutch will depreciate indefinitely, and Amsterdam's financial position will also be greatly affected.

Whether or not Britain eventually loses the thirteen North American states in the war, London can get back what it has lost from the Dutch!

None of the three of them had a talent for war, and they couldn't see through it, and now the bitterness in their hearts was about to wipe out the whole person...... (To be continued.) )