As the saying goes, all laws return to the roots.

Sometimes, different disciplines, different theories, different sects, different religions, put aside their differences, and often come to the same conclusion.

Freud's words are actually a bit like the Confucian idea of benevolent governance, and it is also somewhat similar to Lao Tzu's "governing a big country is like cooking a small fresh". However, he expressed it more objectively and generally, mentioning only the theory without giving the actual method of operation.

Zhou Hexuan admired this, but soon he could not admire it, because Freud's thinking tended to be pessimistic.

"It is very difficult to achieve an ideal balance," Freud continued, "although human beings have an ego and a superego, which derives reason and morality. But human beings are often dominated by instincts, and the influence of the ego is far greater than that of the ego and the superego. So war is inevitable, so society is always in an irrational state, which is uncontrollable and unavoidable. ”

One of Freud's great achievements in psychology was the discovery that personality is made up of id, ego, and superego.

To put it bluntly and in layman's terms, the "id" is a natural character, a desire, an instinct, such as eating when you are hungry and drinking water when you are thirsty. The "self" is the rational consciousness, such as the fact that things in the store should be bought with money, rather than being robbed directly. The "superego" is more perfect, and it is the self in morality and ethics, such as respecting the old and loving the young, saving the dead and helping the wounded, and serving the country loyally.

To put it more simply, the "id" is "I want to do this", the "ego" is "I can do this", and the "superego" is "I should do this".

Freud's most criticized point is that he magnifies the "id" to the extreme, believing that the individual, society and the state are all "id" at work, and instinctive desires drive the development of individuals and societies. So he talked so much about it, and finally came to the conclusion that reason and morality are often difficult to function, and that individuals and groups will always choose irrational behavior under the domination of instinctive desires, so that such things as war cannot be avoided, and the mistakes of individuals and society cannot be avoided.

Romain Rolland was the first to disagree, arguing: "The reason why people are human is because they have high morals and the pursuit of a bright future. In ancient civilizations, human beings drank blood in Rumao, and then there were slaves and feudalism. And it is precisely the pursuit of beauty and goodness that gradually gives rise to freedom and democracy. Instinctive desires always bow their heads in the face of high morality, rather than being enslaved by desires. I believe that one day, all human beings in the world will be able to live freely, without poverty and disease, and without the fear of war. ”

Freud laughed: "If you have been studying psychology for a long time, you will find that instinctive desires are like the sea, and reason and morality are just small lakes and rivers." Lakes and rivers can never compete with the sea. ”

Albert Einstein asked Zhou Hexuan, "Zhou, what do you think?" ”

Zhou Hexuan smiled and said: "I do not agree with Mr. Romain Rolland's theory of moral triumph, nor with Mr. Freud's theory of instinctive domination. I believe that the most precious thing for human beings is reason, morality cannot last, instinct can be suppressed, and only reason is the core weight that drives human and social progress. ”

Albert Einstein laughed: "Like me, I'm a rationalist. ”

Freud retorted: "Man always loses his mind and morality in critical times, and acts on instinctive desires." ”

The topic could not be continued, Freud valued the "id", Romain Rolland supported the "superego", and Zhou Hexuan and Einstein admired the "ego".

This is the case because they have different starting points. Freud had been dealing with the mentally ill for many years, and was well aware of the terrifying dominance of instinctive desires; And Romain Rolland, on the other hand, belongs to the Virgin Mary (Praise), who has abandoned personal and national interests in pursuit of the happiness of all mankind.

As for Einstein and Zhou Hexuan, although they also love peace and oppose war, they have always maintained their own sanity and can never be as crazy as Romain Rolland. They have their own rules and bottom lines, and all behaviors are carried out in accordance with this bottom line, which is a very typical rational school.

Romain Rolland is still insisting on his opinion, he said: "The brilliance of human nature is great, take this international non-war conference as an example. Why is this meeting taking place? It is because of the human pursuit of justice and light, and the desire must be restrained, so that we can unite together. ”

Freud poured cold water and said, "You belong to one of the few people who can be detached, and people like you are very rare. You cannot stop the coming of war, just as morality cannot prevail over instinct. I am not optimistic about this non-war meeting of yours, and nothing can be achieved from talking about it. ”

"The discussion did not lead to anything, and it was not because the instinctive desire was too strong," Mr. Zhou said, "all countries in the world have their own interests, such as Japan's invasion of China, which infringed on the interests of the European and American powers." But why is appeasement now prevalent internationally? It was because the great powers themselves were in a bad situation, and no one wanted to fight under the Great Depression. There was also a lesson from the Great War in Europe (World War I), which would bring terrible consequences, so the Great Powers chose appeasement under rational judgment. ”

Romain Rolland asked, "Zhou, aren't you optimistic about this meeting either?" ”

"Yes," Zhou Hexuan nodded and said, "I can only call for peace as much as possible, but this appeal must be explained to the great powers in advance, explain the harm caused by the spread of fascism, and let the great powers weigh the pros and cons themselves, so that they can draw rational judgments." ”

Albert Einstein chimed in: "Zhou is right, only when countries see the horror of the spread of war, they will stand up and stop it." It is useless to talk only about peace and beauty, morality is just a set of conventional rules, and rules are often used to destroy. ”

Romain Rolland insisted: "In any case, we must work for peace and freedom, and I believe that the future of mankind is beautiful, but it has not yet reached that historical stage." ”

A virgin and saint warrior like Roland Roland, no matter how naïve he is and how unrealistic his approach is, Zhou Hexuan must be admired.

Human civilization needs such people, and the beautiful qualities they represent are the ultimate pursuit of the general public and represent the bright future of mankind. Like lighthouses in the night, the light they emit guides humanity on the right path.

Zhou Hexuan chatted with the three masters all day, and the next day Freud went to The Hague to attend a medical conference. Albert Einstein and Romain Rolland, on the other hand, remained in Amsterdam to wait for a non-war conference.

Anti-war activists from all over the world have gathered in Amsterdam one after another.

Zhou Hexuan soon met another respectable woman - Mrs. Sun, the mother of the country.