Hou Dongfang, a technician student of the Great Song Dynasty, used to work in a blacksmith shop, so he knew about iron. Pen fun and pavilion www.biquge.info

He still doesn't believe it, he can measure the weight with a ruler, the old blacksmith, the great craftsman, he has seen it, and he also weighs it with a scale, so much, it takes four people to carry it together.!

He ran quickly towards the blacksmith shop in the county town, without stopping a breath.

In a small blacksmith's shop, he offered to buy iron.

Who knew that the blacksmith thought he was a person who didn't know the market, and he actually wanted to sell him for a pound and twelve cents!

Hou Dongfang said: "I know that pig iron is only five cents a catty, even if you want to earn a little, you can't make so much!" ”

The blacksmith struck a hammer on the anvil with a "dang" sound, and said, "Are you the descendant of someone's family, are you here to entertain so-and-so?" At this price, I would like to buy it or not! ”

Hou Dongfang pouted and said, "Which one has the leisure to entertain you?" A certain Professor Zhang said that he could measure the weight of iron with a ruler, so he wanted to buy you! ”

The blacksmith laughed and struck the hammer on the anvil: "I have been a blacksmith for 30 years, and I have never heard that you can measure the weight with a ruler, and now everyone can be a professor in this world?!" ”

Hou Dongfang heard his mockery of Professor Zhang Guoan's tone, so he said loudly: "Well, you blacksmith Hugh has to be mocking, a certain student of Hongshui Creek Industrial Park, a certain Professor Zhang knows astronomy and geography!" ”

"Then how can he measure the weight with a ruler?!"

"I don't know about this, so I came to buy iron material for verification! The result of verification is the only criterion for testing the truth! ”

The blacksmith rolled his strange eyes and thought for a while, and said: "Okay, so, Hu Zhenbei has been a blacksmith for twenty-eight years, and he has never heard of this matter, so I will accompany you on a journey today, if this matter is true, I will give you a piece of iron!"

When Hou Dongfang heard this, he also became arrogant and said: "If it doesn't work, what if you count it as twenty yuan a catty!" ”

Blacksmith Hu Zhenbei crossed his waist and looked up to the sky at this time, and said, "Okay, good, I have been a blacksmith for twenty-five years, and I will learn it today." ”

With a stir in his mind, he picked out an irregular piece of iron the size of a giant's fist, and said, "Does this count as iron?" ”

Hou Dongfang twisted his thick eyebrows and had to agree, this is indeed counted.

But at this time, the authentic iron material should be like a large iron ruler, where will it be like this?

If a large iron ruler is easy to measure, this piece is extremely difficult to measure-------

That blacksmith Hu Zhenbei could really accompany him to Hongshuixi Industrial Park, and he was very idle.

Along the way, the blacksmith Hu Zhenbei walked proudly, this is to slap a professor in the face!

Hou Dongfang is still young, and in the end, he has something on his mind, I am afraid that he has caused trouble to Professor Zhang Guoan out of thin air, so that this very idle blacksmith has the opportunity to shame others.

Professor Zhang Guoan originally thought that he could bring a regular piece of iron, and he happened to tell the students about the use of measurement.

But I didn't expect an eventful blacksmith to come to the door, is the blacksmith of this time and space very idle?

An irregular piece of iron, which cannot be measured with a ruler.

When blacksmith Hu Zhenbei saw the surprised look on the face of the so-called Professor Zhang Guoan, he concluded that he could not detect it, and prepared to watch a good show with great interest.

If it weren't for Professor Zhang Guoan's growing up, he would have laughed shamefully, but let's look at the results.

Professor Zhang Guoan saw that Hou Dongfang had a bearded scum, and his body was very strong, and the Song blacksmith came, so he knew that this blacksmith must be making things difficult for him.

Hou Dongfang, a student with a straight nature, can't think of these tricks.

He smiled slightly, thinking, this Da Song's physics knowledge is not enough, right? I don't know the relationship between volume and density, but I just take this opportunity to talk about whether I can understand it or not is another matter.

He instructed the students to prepare the corresponding things.

Very simply, he asked the students to prepare a copper basin, put a ceramic jar in it, fill it with water flatly, let the students gently put in the iron block, and then found a relatively round bamboo tube, the overflowing water in the ceramic jar was carefully poured in, he took out a steel tape measure and measured the inner diameter of the bamboo tube, as well as the height of the water, went to some loss, and calculated the volume of the irregular iron block.

Then observe that the iron is a gray cast iron, and recall the density of gray cast iron, and calculate it according to 7.25.

He quickly multiplied it in his heart, and converted it according to the number of one to one point and two eight in the weight unit of Song Jin in this time and space, and said, "Three catties, three catties, three taels and three dollars!" ”

During the whole process, blacksmith Hu Zhenbei saw that the so-called Professor Zhang really hadn't touched the piece of iron, and he had asked his students to do it, and he really measured it with a ruler!

If it was an old blacksmith for many years, he wouldn't say anything, the problem is that this Professor Zhang, although he is tall, has fine skin and tender meat, and there is absolutely no fireworks unique to blacksmiths on his body, he is really a professor-------

Of course, he knew that the weight of the piece of iron was only a penny short of his previous weighing, but it was already amazing enough, and fortunately he hadn't said anything before to be laughed at.

He was convinced, and arched his hand: "It is worthy of Professor Zhang, who has been working as a blacksmith in Xiahu Zhenbei for 27 years, and he didn't know that there was such a method of weighing, and he took it!" Farewell! ”

After saying that, he turned around and left, and the piece of iron, which he gave to them, was a matter of words.

He walked quickly, and he didn't allow Professor Zhang Guoan to say anything.

Hou Dongfang's little face turned red, and he became happy, and said, "Oh, Professor Zhang really has unpredictable knowledge!" ”

Everyone screamed.

Professor Zhang Guoan waved his hand to calm everyone down, and said: "There is never anything in this world that cannot be measured, but your knowledge must be enough; Everything happens and changes for a reason, and you can find it! ”

He went on to elaborate on the reasoning, and the students nodded their heads in understanding.

But Professor Zhang Guoan himself understands in his heart that most of these people don't know much about it, and they don't even know how to calculate plane geometry.

He asked casually: "Wu Jie, you laughed so loudly, tell me how to calculate the area of the triangle?" ”

Wu Jie blushed at that time and couldn't laugh.

"Zhang Depei? …… Forget it, don't cry! ”

"Guo Beyu? …… Well, there's a reason why you're called Don't......"

Forget it, take your time.

After the blacksmith from Hu Zhenbei walked away, he quickly returned.

He arched his hand and said, "Professor Zhang, can you borrow a certain view from that ruler?" ”

After he walked a long way, he realized that the ruler was a good object, much better than the iron ruler he used when he was striking iron.

Professor Zhang Guoan handed it to him casually and taught him how to use it.

He played with it happily and found that this thing could be more than a foot long! The words on it were so clear that I didn't recognize it, but I could guess that it was something that measured the length, and it could even be automatically retracted into the small silver box------

But the material was not silver, he had never seen it before, and the silver glittering appearance must be a treasure, and he was afraid that he could not afford it.

He sighed and asked, "Dare to ask Professor Zhang, what material is this thing made of?" ”

Professor Zhang Guoan said quietly: "Why are you sighing ------- stainless steel ? ”

"Is there any stainless steel in the world?! That's it, that's it. There is a blacksmith shop called Hu Erlang Iron Shop, which can earn hundreds of taels of silver and hundreds of thousands of dollars a year, but I am afraid that I can't afford to buy this thing. ”

Professor Zhang Guoan reached out and took back the tape measure, the blacksmith's hand was quite strong, and he held it very tightly.

He still said quietly: "I really can't afford it, and besides, it's different from your size." ”

"The size is different, and a certain can be converted. A blacksmith has been working for twenty-six years, and he has to be converted from time to time. ”

"How long have you been a blacksmith?"

"More than twenty-three years ------"

This time, the blacksmith Hu Zhenbei really left, and never looked back.

Among the blacksmith shops in this county, Hu Erlang Tiexing is the smallest one.

Maybe people don't trust his skills, maybe he can't remember how long he's been in the business, anyway, the business is not good, but he can sustain it.

He didn't earn the money he said, it was the income of someone else's iron shop------ he bragged, not to hurt people, just to save face.

It was precisely because Hou Dongfang took a fancy to the narrowness of his iron shop that he went to him to buy iron materials, thinking that it would be cheap, which caused these things.

Hu Zhenbei's blacksmith also has an elder brother, who is Hu Zhennan, who opened the cabinet on the street.

His brother Hu Zhennan is much better than him, but he doesn't look down on what his brother is engaged in, thinking that it is a thing that hurts nature.

Hu Zhennan couldn't say anything, so he ignored him.

Hu Zhenbei blacksmith worked hard to support this small blacksmith shop alone.

This was left behind by his parents. In fact, his father's craftsmanship was not very good, and he was barely able to make ends meet at first, and of course there was no way for him to have any good craftsmanship.

In this way, his father was also more satisfied, and often said to his two sons: "Daddy used to follow your grandfather to run the mountain village very hard, the wind came, and the rain went for a long time, and now our family also has a shop------

Blacksmith Hu Zhenbei can still remember his father's happy expression.

Now they have left their two brothers one after another, and the two brothers have also split up, and each has his own life.

After the blacksmith Hu Zhenbei returned to the shop, he unlocked the lock, cleaned up, and began to wait for work.

As a result, I didn't expect that the work did not wait, and one of my brother's subordinates came down, the cauliflower snake Cai Liuyi.

Cauliflower snake Cai Liuyi said: "Big brother asked you to use a good iron to build five knives, and you will want it the day after tomorrow." ”

Hu Zhenbei nodded, the eldest brother has recruited five younger brothers again.

The knife, the famous knife produced in the Song Dynasty and the state, was a daily knife, which belonged to the non-controlled knife of the Great Song Dynasty.

It can be used to cut fruit, cut cooked meat, and of course defend yourself or stab someone.

In order to bring weapons, the six traversers once carefully studied the policy on civilian weapons in the Great Song Dynasty.

After the Song Dynasty established itself, it has been vigorously pursuing the policy of defending the people more than preventing Sichuan, prohibiting the people from possessing weapons and prohibiting the people from holding private gatherings, etc., not only to punish the people who store weapons privately, but also to punish the craftsmen who make knives.

Therefore, blacksmiths do not dare to build standard weapons.

So what is the concept of the so-called weapons that the Great Song Dynasty government wants to prohibit the possession of?

In the third year of Kaibao of the Great Song Dynasty (970), the founding emperor of the country issued a decree that the scholars and people of Kyoto were not allowed to store weapons privately.

After that, the ban spread throughout the country continuously, and a rough summary can be seen that there are various laws prohibiting private soldiers repeatedly promulgated in the second year of Chunhua (991), the fifth year of Tianxi (1021), the second year of Jingyou (1035), the eighth year of Qingli (1048), the seventh year of Jiayou (1062), the sixth year of Xuanhe, and the seventh year (1125).

This series of prohibitions involved a wide range of people, not only banning military weapons used in battle, but also banning the tools and knives used by ordinary people to open mountains and farm in their daily lives.

In the "Song Society's Manuscript and Soldiers", there is an edict during the reign of Renzong, which says: "The edict of Renzong Tiansheng in March of the eighth year said: The Sichuan and Shaanxi roads must not be made with hakama knives.

Chen Guanyan, the transfer envoy of Lizhou Road: With a hakama, those who are safe on the short gun rod and cane head are called drawing knives, and those who are short wooden handles are called shes knives, and they are all wearing hakama. She knife is a folk daily tool, Sichuan and Shaanxi road insurance, all use this knife to open up mountains and farm. Today, if there is a prohibition, it will interfere with agricultural work, and I am afraid that it will not be prohibited, and there will be many offenders. Please prohibit those who wear hakama as weapons, and those who use agricultural tools to let go. Yes, I would like to. ”

It's okay here, the Lizhou Road transfer enabled Chen Guan to win the right to carry tools and knives for the common people, and at his suggestion, the imperial court only banned the "drawing knife" with a long handle.

However, in the "Song Hui Yao Manuscript Criminal Law", it is recorded that in the seventh year of Huizong Xuanhe, the imperial court once again ordered a ban on the use and forging of knives such as "Bo Dao" by the people. This so-called "Bo knife" is actually the same thing as the Pu knife, the She knife, the knife, the knife, the hakama knife, etc., and it is a different name in different places and at different times.

And the 197th military chronicle of the "History of the Song Dynasty" said: "In the second year of Jingyou, Qinzhou lost the bow and crossbow of the Beijing division for three years." Edict: 'The people of Quang Nam are not allowed to use swords, and the offenders are forged and forged and judged by the law of private prohibition. ’

First of all, Lingnan thieves mostly hold knives, and the sin of the rod is light, and it cannot be banned. ”

What is particularly noteworthy in this prohibition is that the government not only banned the "Bo Dao", a tool used in the daily life of the people, but even offended its maker, which is undoubtedly extremely fatal to the development and inheritance of weapon manufacturing technology and weapon culture.

Weapons and weapons, weapons and weapons also. It is said that since the imperial court prohibits weapons, it is forbidden for people to hide weapons for military use, and crossbows of this level are not to mention high-precision weapons, they must be considered weapons, and it is not an exaggeration to count long knives and big swords, but if even the knives used by ordinary people to farm and open mountains are considered weapons, it will be a bit of a joke.

This kind of hatred of the people and the policy of defending the people, which even the knives of folk life are trying to prohibit, not only cut in half the inheritance of weapons manufacturing skills accumulated in China for more than 1,000 years, but also extinct the possibility of the inheritance and development of China's weapons culture.

At the same time, since the founding of the country, the Song Dynasty has also strictly controlled all kinds of folk gatherings, even folk sacrifices and temple fairs.

Officials from all over the country have repeatedly played the records of the imperial court reminding them to be vigilant and prohibiting sacrifices, temple fairs, and society, which are endless.

As a result, the Song Dynasty government issued a series of prohibitions on the use of honor guards and weapons in these folk customs and religious ceremonies, such as the edict of the fifth year of Tianxi in the "Song Hui Yao Manuscript Criminal Law": "The shrine gun flag and other strict bells are under the jurisdiction of the bell, and if there is a violation, the head of the inner body will be punished, and Xu Chenzhi will be announced." ”

It is not only the prohibition itself that should be noted, but also the last sentence of the prohibition itself: "And Xu Chen." ”

Chen, to put it bluntly, is a whistleblower.

Historically, the evaluation of this behavior in China has been mostly negative, and both the government and the private sector, as well as various scholars, have generally opposed it. Because it is easy to create a culture of false accusations. For example, during the Wu Zetian period, there was a storm because of this incident, and although this permission was implemented in the end, the historical evaluation of Wu Zhou's move has always been negative.

In order to deal with private soldiers and civil gatherings, Zhao Song even used this trick, which shows how taboo he is about it.

In the sixth year of Xuanhe, the Great Song Dynasty court once again announced on this basis that in the sacrificial, social and other folk group activities, as long as it is a guy with a blade, it is not allowed to be used, even if you are used for ceremonial ceremonial decorations, and gave official advice on this, saying that in the sacrificial activities that require a ceremonial guard, you can use bamboo and wood to make the shape of a weapon, paste wax paper and pretend to be a blade to pull it down, otherwise...... The government didn't discuss whether to arrest you.

The ban on private soldiers has reached this point, and when the Jin soldiers came, everyone naturally had no choice but to surrender without negotiation.

After so many years of rectification and governance of the Zhao official family, the Great Song Dynasty has already helped the Jin soldiers to completely sweep away the guys used in the civil resistance, and the Jin soldiers are killed, if you don't want to surrender, then use your heavenly spirit cover to top the mace of others.

Therefore, I often see it in various film and television dramas and novels, the scene of a scholar wearing a sword and wandering around in the Song Dynasty was absolutely impossible in the Song Dynasty.

Because as long as you are not an officer or soldier, you will be caught when you carry a flat-headed watermelon knife when you go out, let alone hang a sword and swagger all over the street.

The Song and Yuan dynasties were popular with "poles and sticks", and it makes sense that novels, peace, and miscellaneous dramas are full of sticks and rare swords.

Therefore, there is a reason why they dare to openly carry pistols when they cross, but they put military machetes in their sleeves and dare not show them, and as for guns and crossbows, they dare not bring them.