By smelting limestone, quartz sand, soda ash and feldspar powder, Dai Yan finally got the glass he dreamed of. At this time, under the low industrial capacity of Taoqiu, most of the glass produced was green, and a few were yellow, which was far less smooth and bright than that of later generations.

Dai Yan guessed that the color of the glass was not pure, and it should be that the glass was mixed with other elements. This requires a stronger ability to purify raw materials, which is far from being able to be achieved by Taoqiu in this era.

In fact, Dai Yan didn't know that if he didn't have a little bit of primitive industrial accumulation in Taoqiu, even if he wanted to refine such primitive glass, it would be simply delusional!

The simplest truth: the temperature of refining glass should reach at least 1600°C! If Dai Yan hadn't used coal to smelt iron before, and burned it with coke to a high temperature of more than 1600 °C, then even if he knew the basic raw materials for smelting glass from Sui Dan, and reversed other raw materials for smelting glass, he would not be able to smelt glass only by relying on the temperature of natural wood firing!

Because the lead barium glass refined by Sui Dan only needs a temperature of 900 °C to be successfully refined, this difficulty is completely incomparable with the calcium and sodium glass refined by Dai Yan in terms of difficulty!

And even if the glass is refined, it is not a simple matter to turn the refined liquid glass into molded glass products.

The process of refining glass into molds generally includes six processes: casting, pressing, blowing, drawing, rolling and float molding.

If you want to make glass crafts, the best way is to pour it. If you want to make glass containers, you need to use blowing, pressing, and drawing methods. If you want to make flat glass similar to the glass windows of later generations, you need to use the rolling method and float molding.

For these glass molding processes, Dai Yan has explored a lot of them. The pouring method is a relatively simple method, and their principle is actually similar to the principle of pouring metal products, which is to pour liquid glass into a specific abrasive tool, and then annealing and cooling, you can get the desired product. Through this method, Dai Yan easily obtained a more transparent, more beautiful, and larger Sui Hou bead than in Sui Dan's hand. And with Dai Yan's continued efforts, he even poured a beautiful glass horse out through this method!

Through the pressing method, Dai Yan can get a coarser glass. Through the drawing method, he obtained a variety of test tubes that were urgently needed in the chemistry laboratory. By blowing, he was able to obtain such high-level utensils as beakers and curved-necked flasks. With these three glass molding processes, he can basically manufacture most of the glass containers that are not very precise required.

As for the production of large pieces of flat glass, Dai Yan suffered a big loss in this.

If you only need flat glass with low precision, Dai Yan can be prepared by the rolling method. In this way, the glass is continuously pressed by a round roller, and of course by several rollers.

Whether it is a single roller or a continuous roller plate, the glass that can be pressed is actually very rough. The glass pressed by this method has very poor transparency, and it can compete with the frosted glass of later generations.

The kind of flat, smooth, and transparent large glass windows that Dai Yan wanted most were similar to those of later generations, but they were not what Dai Yan could get now.

After Dai Yan introduced the materials for refining glass, and completely relied on his own efforts to refine glass, he felt very good for a while, and had a very grand dream: to copy a crystal palace in Taoqiu!

For the modern construction industry, technology is art! Built in 1851 at the time of the opening of the first Universal Exposition, the Crystal Palace is one of the wonders of the world's architectural history!

And if Taoqiu had such a palace, I am afraid that all countries today will regard it as a miracle!

In Dai Yan's view, the Crystal Palace in the United Kingdom was completed in just a few months, and it should not be too difficult to replicate such a building when Taoqiu can make glass, right? But when he began to try it out in earnest, he began to know how far he was from when the first industrial revolution in Britain was initially completed.

First of all, if you want to build a crystal palace, you need to use large pieces of glass that are flat and smooth, and have high transparency. If you want to make such glass, you need to use float molding.

The technical principle of float molding is very simple, that is, a steady stream of liquid glass is injected into the liquid tin liquid, using the density of the glass is smaller than that of tin, and the gravity is used to make the glass completely spread on the surface of the liquid tin, so that the thickness of the whole glass can be perfectly controlled, and the polishing effect of this natural polishing is better than that of other processes!

However, in order to make glass in this way, it is necessary to solve the problem of large-scale tin production first. Although the manufacture of tin was earlier than copper, and this problem seems to be not difficult to solve, if you want to obtain large-scale, high-purity tin products, it is far from a problem that can be solved in this era.

And even if Dai Yan can solve this problem, he can't solve it for the output of glass. After all, soda ash is an extremely important raw material in the production of glass, and if the problem of mass production of soda ash cannot be solved, the problem of mass production of glass cannot be solved.

The restrictions of these two basic conditions have made the crystal palace that Dai Yan dreamed of come to naught! Behind this condition is a huge gap with even the first industrialized countries!

It can be seen that even if it is a relatively simple industrial product like glass, it is not just a simple product, it is a huge industrial system behind it! And to establish industrialization, it is not simply to be able to manufacture products, it needs to build a whole system!

If the glass industry is regarded as a whole and regarded as an industrial chain, then the Crystal Palace and other glass products are undoubtedly in the downstream of the industrial chain, the manufacture of glass can be regarded as the midstream, and the production of glass raw materials, such as the production of soda ash, is undoubtedly in the upstream of the industrial chain.

If the entire industrial chain is compared to a rushing river, then if the amount of water in the upstream is not enough, how can there be a rushing river downstream?

If the entire industrialization is regarded as an invisible war, then in an industry, there is no doubt that the more in the upstream of the industrial chain, the higher the technical level, the more irreplaceable products can be obtained, then its competitiveness is undoubtedly stronger!

Assuming that in today's world, there is a country that can get a large amount of soda ash, if Dai Yan wants to make a large amount of glass, then he must hand over a relatively large profit in the entire industry to such an organization that can make soda ash. If this organization deliberately embarrassed Taoqiu and stuck Taoqiu's neck, then it is very normal for Taoqiu's glass industry to immediately fall into recession, and even stop production and collapse. And this is the essence of the cruel competition of industrialization!

For example, in later generations, since Samsung in the country of sticks has developed a new generation of flagship mobile phones, but one accidentally made the mobile phone into a grenade and blew up the blue star, many people think that this is the rhythm of the counterattack of the mobile phone industry in the Celestial Empire. So what is Huawei, blue-green machines began to expand wildly, and began to prepare to encroach on Samsung's market. In doing so, it did achieve some good results, but did it really defeat the Samsung of the stick country? Not really!

Because Samsung, compared with Huawei, and even blue-green machines, the biggest feature is that it has a complete industrial chain. In other words, even if it doesn't rely on companies from other countries in the world, it can make mobile phones on its own! It's a terrifying existence with an entire river!

It has suffered a setback on the whole machine, it doesn't matter, it relies on the middle and upstream of the industrial chain to fight opponents, and make profits from it, and it chooses to exert force from the middle of the industrial chain! In the middle of the entire Samsung mobile phone industry chain, its most advantageous advantage is to control the manufacturing of mobile phone memory and panels, and the memory it controls 70% of the share together with another ally of the stick, and for the OLED panel required by high-end mobile phones, it occupies 99% of the world's horror production capacity!

Its whole machine had an accident, and now it can't fight you, that's very easy to do! I heard that your Huawei profits are good, let's think about having a good year this year on your family! As a result, Huawei's purchase of stick suppliers directly increased by 109%, while Samsung's mobile phone revenue decreased by $5.1 billion, while Samsung Electronics' net profit directly increased by $3 billion! In this way, if there is a big accident like a grenade, it will only reduce its profit by 2.1 billion US dollars a year, and it will not lose much on the whole, so that its statements will be much more beautiful, and it can also brag about it well, and better explain it to shareholders.

To establish a complete industrialization is to establish the entire industrial chain, to create a whole system of a river engineering, it is definitely not a simple thing to build, and for an industrialization system that has been formed, it is indeed extremely difficult to defeat it!

This is why industrialized societies are much stronger than agrarian societies. After all, there is only one industry in which agricultural society exists, and it is very vulnerable to external factors. For example, in some nomadic empires throughout history, a blizzard can bring it to ruin. As for the industrialized society, like the later Germany was bombed into ruins, neon was also attacked by mushrooms, but once they stabilized, they could rise again.

For Dai Yan, even soda ash cannot be manufactured now, so it is naturally impossible to expand the production capacity of glass without restrictions. Something like glass was destined to be produced in small quantities in pottery, and it was either used in important places or as a luxury, which prevented it from making it a more commonly used thing like porcelain, bricks, ironware, etc.

Subsequently, under his inspiration, test tubes, beakers, curved-neck flasks, thermometers and other laboratory items were manufactured, and Tao Qiu's chemical research with these products was as if a shackle had been lifted, and it immediately began to develop rapidly.

As for the thermometer for the study of meteorology and the microscope for the study of medicine, they were also successfully developed under the auspices of Dai Yan, which made the research of these two disciplines have a new starting point.

For astronomy, with astronomical telescopes that allow people to see the craters on the moon and even the rings around Jupiter, the doors of astronomy have begun to open to the scholars of the University of Tauqiu, much to the excitement of the Academy of Sciences.

And with the astronomical telescope, after the great development of astronomy, Dai Yan just wrote a letter to Zou Yan, a scholar under Jixia who was in Linzi, asking him if he would like to see the wonderful scene on the moon.

Of course, things like telescopes are naturally not enough to be used in scientific research. He also made several pieces in private, and equipped all the lieutenants in the Taoqiu army with military binoculars that were easy to carry!

When the glass is exported, in addition to a small number of ornaments similar to the beads, the most produced is actually an excellent product used with whale oil - crystal lamp.

The crystal lamp is a product made by the combination of Taoqiu steel and glass industries, using steel as a lamp stand, and then hanging with the egg shape and splash ornaments made of glass, and the whale oil is burned in a container made of glass, which not only greatly improves the safety of whale oil, but also makes the whole lamp become gorgeous, and it is forced to improve rapidly!

With such a product, Dai Yan only slightly asked the nobles of the countries to build toilets and even the merchants who supplied tiles, and the kings of the five kingdoms before, and even the nobles of various countries immediately purchased more luxury goods from Taoqiu!

As for the mirrors made of glass, Dai Yan also tried to make some. Dai Yan silver-plated the best-polished flat glass, and also made a large silver mirror, which did surprise Dai Yan's backyard when such a silver mirror was given to her wife Zhao Xue and his concubine. Under such a surprise, the wives and concubines became more and more enthusiastic, and soon after that, the savage princess of Zhao became pregnant, which was also an addition to Dai Yan brought by the glass industry!

The glass mirror is more expensive to sell due to the silver-plated treatment, which makes it except for those queens and ladies in the courts of various countries, only a few noble wives have the strength and willingness to buy. In general, the sales of glass mirrors are far inferior to those of crystal lamps paired with whale oil.