Chapter 39 Modern Times, the Nation-State
"Fourth uncle."
Yuan Ji dusted off the snowflakes on Yue Le's shoulders, and pointed to Marhui, Seleng's forehead, and Saibuli and a few boys, "Your ability has to be passed down." The Qing Dynasty is not worry-free, it is an eventful autumn, and you can take off your hereditary prince's hat, which is a long time of peace! ”
After a pause, he let out a long laugh, "Your prince, is it also here?" Since I am a martial artist in the Qing Dynasty, what I want is a long time of martial arts! ”
Yue Le didn't know what was going on, and he didn't teach his children and grandchildren the art of war at all.
The art of war passed down by Jiangmen is not a military book such as "The Art of War", those books are for Shangqing and literati.
The door is to observe the sky and distinguish the image, and to look down on the ground, which is the method of governing the army and camping and watching the wind and qi.
"Wind" is the military wind, the strong wind, watching the army and looking at the city.
If a person has ridden a horse, he knows that the horse can feel whether the rider is nervous or not, and the horse is nervous when the person is nervous.
The same is true of the military formation, with a sweep of the eyes, it will be impossible to leave the quality of the army.
Is it the color of the stubble, the embroidered pillow, or the arrogant soldiers, the color of floating, the color of boasting, the color of slaughter, the contemplation, the desire to fight, the wavering, the well-trained elite, or the rabble.
The military formation must recognize the flag and listen to the golden drum, and when the enemy flags are raised, our side is also watching, and it depends on the reaction of the other side.
What kind of army is the army, what kind of soldiers are the soldiers, how the formations are connected with each other, and whether the military orders are smooth, the general will know from a glance at the wind.
In ancient times, the "three armies" were two words, and the formation was divided into left, center, and right, front, middle and back. The army is divided into the main army, the old and weak army and the baggage army, and the three armies. Together, it is called "military array".
Li Zicheng's "old battalion" is the regular army, the displaced people who are coerced and collected along the way are the army of the old and weak, and the family members of the army who are responsible for the baggage are the army of the baggage.
When the Mongols fought wars, they also brought their tribesmen to take care of the horses and the sheep that served as food for the army, that is, the army of the old and the weak.
The Ming army was also divided into soldiers, soldiers, auxiliaries, and people.
Niulu in Manchuria is the village, and the big battle is that the three hundred old and young masters in the village are all on the line, and even the girls are carrying knives into battle, and the source of soldiers can exceed 1,000.
But among them, the white soldiers and vests, that is, the regular army of the Manchurian Eight Banners, the heavy infantry and the armored cavalry together, there are dozens of regular troops.
The others are all protective coats, and Aha is covered with the old, weak, sick and disabled.
The regular army of the Eight Banners of Manchuria and the guards are one to two, the vests are knights, the guards are knights, and many unarmored soldiers are the guards and guards.
Baoyi Aha and the old, weak, sick and disabled are the weak people among the banner people, and the hard battle is unreliable, they are humanoid animals. Set up a camp, wipe your armor, carry supplies, clean up the battlefield, cut off your head for the white soldier's vest, and carry some loot.
When they are arrayed, they are standing with swords and flags to scare people.
It is okay for these clothed Ahabs and the old and weak to chase and kill the rout, and many of them can use bows and horses, but not archers and cavalry. Bow and horse melee combat, charging and landing the city can not be counted on.
On the contrary, he can hold the firecracker, wipe the barrel of the cannon, and "bang bang" twice.
The cannons of this era are not high-tech weapons, they are not suitable for the old and weak who cannot ride horses and make bows, and cannot fight in close combat!
A leader with dozens of soldiers in armor, thousands of old, weak, sick and disabled, clothed. Dead more than a dozen coats, old and weak, when I didn't see it, I was trembling in distress when I died in a vest.
The Ming army is the same, only the slave family of the military general's private monthly order is the elite in iron armor, and the others are rabble.
Filling the trench is to put on the old peasants in the rotten jackets of the Ming army, and it is absolutely impossible to fight, and the iron horsemen will herd the sheep as soon as they urge.
The family of the Ming general, like the Manchurian coat, can also be crowned as an official and worship the general. Li Chengliang's family Ding Cha Dashou and others, Li Rusong's family member Li Yousheng, etc., have all accumulated merit to the deputy general army.
Li Chengliang's 3,000 families can top 100,000 Ming troops, crisscrossing Liaodong, and Nurhachi does not dare to take wings.
It's just that later, Li Chengliang's 3,000 family members, due to the Japanese invasion of Korea by Toyotomi Hideyoshi of Japan, were brought into Korea by Li Rusong to participate in the war, and fought against Kobayakawa Takakei, the son of Mori Motosho, Tachibana Soshige, and Ukita Hideya as the general of the Japanese army, and more than 2,000 families were all killed in the battle.
It was the loss of these family members that caused Li Rusong to later fight against the Mongolian barbarians, was surrounded, and the Ming army around him had no help, and he died in battle!
Wu Sangui relied on the six hundred families added up by his father Wu Xiang and himself, called "three thousand", and sat firmly in the general army of Shanhaiguan. Every time I looked back, I ran away with my family, and the other troops didn't care at all.
As long as the family is there, the recruitment flag is erected, and there are people who eat food, and there are as many rabbles as they want.
As long as the family is there, no one has removed the position of warlord, and those who were removed by the Ming Dynasty emperor are all dead, such as Li Chengliang.
If you run out of hard work, you will be withdrawn, and as long as the family is there and no one is withdrawn, then who will fight and who will not run?
The miscellaneous cards when he was the chairman, the reason why he liked to run so much, was the same as the generals of the Ming army, and he was reorganized after he was spelled out, so who would fight and who wouldn't run?
History is a cycle, and you will always step into the same river again!
The Ming army and the Eight Banners lined up to fight to see who could destroy whose elite, and whose elite could better suppress their respective groups of old, weak, sick and disabled.
In the agricultural era, both in the East and the West, there were only iron armor prepared by armed landlords, bowed horses, boiled muscles, read books, and practiced martial arts.
The knight lords of the West, the generals of the Ming Army in the East, the white soldiers and vests of the Eight Banners, and the samurai of Japan are all slaves, the same as the soldiers of the Tang Dynasty.
The soldiers of the Tang Dynasty all have slaves, the Tang Dynasty is slavery, and the Ming Dynasty even has a state-run brothel: the Jiaofang Division.
The government soldiers, the family soldiers, the vests, the samurai, it sounds like soldiers, but in fact, they are the same as the knights in the West, they are all armed landlords!
The literacy rate of the Manchurian Eight Banners and the Japanese samurai class is 100 percent. Like the crusaders of the Eastern Crusade and the Ottoman soldiers of Allah, there is also a sense of mission for God, holy war, and loyalty to the country.
A vision of martyrdom to heaven, a call to a land flowing with milk and honey.
A kind of martial arts evergreen, eternal fragrance, born like the morning glow, died like a cherry blossom spiritual inspiration.
The braids of the Manchurians are shamans, and the souls of the dead in battle will ascend to the heavenly vault through the braids.
For the Manchurians, this is a ladder to heaven, not a pig's tail. The Japanese did not want to have a caesarean section, and the Arabs blew themselves up with a bomb, and it was not that they couldn't think about it.
Only this fanatical armed landlord fought for his life.
The others were not so much the Ming army, the Qing army, and the Japanese army, but rather the strong men who were coerced, and most of them did not voluntarily participate in the war.
Modern nationalism came from Napoleon, precisely because Napoleon was not French, but from the French occupation zone.
It was precisely because China completely mistranslated a series of words such as "nation", "nationalism", "modernity" and "nation-state" that there was a five-color republic, and it was divided into Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan, Han and Hui ethnic groups.
There were no Tibetans before, they belonged to Mongolia, and the Manchus were all invented at the end of the Ming Dynasty.
At this time, nationalism and nationalism have not been formed, and this era at most incites a little hatred, the villain lives on the edge of the city of Suzhou, and has a house and a field at home......
Braided soldiers kill people, Manchuria is a foreign race, braids do not keep heads, anti-Qing restoration and other are actually fragments, from the system's modern national view, the establishment of the national view, early on.
Without this, it would not be possible to come out of a modern nation-state, and if it is not a fragment of muskets and cannons that know what to fight for, it is called a modern army.
When systematic nationalism and the concept of the state emerged, it could not give birth to the modern nation-state, but only affected the literate class. Before the British utopian socialist scholar Moore put forward the concept of compulsory education, and the Duchy of Weimar in Germany followed this theory and popularized compulsory education for all, there could be no modern nation-state!
"Nation" actually has nothing to do with the Han nationality, this word comes from Japan, the original meaning is "the whole people and the whole family", but it is limited to the level of the Republic of China, and the translation is wrong.
What is even more penetrating is that a large number of academic errors that have been precipitated since the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China have not been corrected in the 21 st century.
It is because the understanding of "nation" and "nationalism" is only literal, free and free, and all depends on the brain, which directly led to a series of events such as the five-color republic, the rebellion in the northwest, the puppet Manchukuo, and the secession of Outer Mongolia.
The problem is that China actually doesn't even know what a "nation-state" is.
For a short time, China had the characteristics of a "nation-state", that is, because of a deep understanding of the national question, which is, in the final analysis, a class problem.
In those years, there was no distinction between Han, Hui, Uyghur and a bunch of other ethnic groups, and they called each other comrades, and the nation-state was actually realized.
Why was the late Qing Dynasty so miserable, and it was so difficult for the Republic of China to fight the Japanese army, when it came to resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, self-defense and counterattack against India, Zhenbao Island, and the Xisha Naval Battle, it could be fought so actively, because that was the combat effectiveness of the modern nation-state.
The first time China formed a modern army was during the period of the Red Army, which was systematically enlightened by the Soviets.
The squad and group fought separately, losing their superiors, and the combat group automatically generated new officers, and Sansha immediately reorganized, continued to look for fighters, and took the initiative to attack.
That's all about being proactive.
This kind of initiative comes from knowing "yourself" what you are fighting for, not by the officers telling you why you are fighting, and the latter is the whole army that collapses as soon as the officers hang up.
The former, called the spirit of ownership, is the hallmark of the modern army!
It's not a musket cannon, it will be shot in line, the military law is harsh, the order is forbidden, it is a modern army.
What pushes the times to modern times is philosophy and compulsory education for all, not gunpowder and queuing to be shot!
The Red Army is the compulsory education of the whole people, and the education covers every soldier!
It's not the teacher who holds the ruler, but the blackboard that paints the blackboard. Class group discussions, soldiers' committee discussions, and meetings are likewise learning.
Instructors and political commissars are teachers, and they are popularizing education. Each company has a school, and the party branch is located in the company.
The fighting power of the Red Army stems from philosophy and is hidden in "education".
The flower that blooms from education is called "faith."
All the fighting strength and spirit of the Red Army come from this.
The more the flowers bloom, the more fierce the combat effectiveness, if this flower is grateful, the whole army will die!
Regardless of whether the weapons are backward or advanced, whether the number is large or small, whether the source of troops is small or large, the whole army is up and down, only this flower!