Chapter 355: Gendarmes and Feudal Knights

The order gathered in Rouen was the elite of the Norman knights, and this order was composed entirely of Norman knights, who received knighthoods and fiefdoms from William, and had independent power over their estates.

As a matter of obligation, they were required to bring their own weapons, armor and horses, including the knight himself, and one knight was required to provide one heavy cavalry, two light cavalry, three archers, and eight infantrymen, for a total of thirteen men, one of whom and his two attendant hussars were to be incorporated into the order of the local militia, and the infantry and archers he provided were to join the local militia to join the unified command. William called such knights feudal knights.

The period for which a knight served a superior lord was generally 40 days. In the event of war, it was not uncommon for the period of overstay of service to be extended, and the period of knightly service was extended to 60 days, or even more. Undoubtedly, the short period of knightly service had a great restrictive effect on the art of war in the Middle Ages. Because this is not conducive to the long-term integrated training of the knight troops, nor is it conducive to the organization of long-term campaigns and strategic design.

In order to meet the needs of long-term warfare, William introduced a unique system of knights and knights.

The Knights and the Knights will gather the knights in the territory and give them intensive training on a regular basis, so as to avoid the problem of commanding large corps of knights, and save time for assembly and training.

The political concept of the Middle Ages was that property and social forces gave people the right to rule. There is a close link between administrative services and land ownership. Land property determines politics. Thus, the knights, who possessed a piece of land and monopolized the art of war, were included in the system of land tenure and the system of government, and the knights had three social roles: soldiers, landlords, and administrative and judicial personnel. The rights and obligations of the latter two involving knights were gradually integrated into legal norms, internalized into the knightly system, and their power was exercised centrally through the knightly association system.

The establishment of the knight's edict gave the knight economic power as well as political power, so that the knight had a certain amount of administrative and judicial power, but the knights who had a lot of power in the local and territorial areas would cause trouble for the administration of the kingdom and prevent William from exercising his royal power.

The system of knights and knights is the system that William used to regulate the rights and obligations of knights, and it is a way for them to participate in the politics of the kingdom, because the knights' association is not only an association of knights, but also an organization that can directly petition William and cooperate with the local government to manage the territory.

In order to extend the service period of the knights, William would give the knights sufficient financial compensation after the 40-day service period.

If a knight could not provide sufficient military service to respond to William's call, he could pay for his service, i.e., shield money. Historically, the shield money system was implemented earlier in England, and it was widely used in France and Germany in the twelfth century, and the shield money system was also implemented in various places in the twelfth and third centuries.

Knights who fail to perform their duty of service are punished. There are two kinds of punishments: one is a fine up to deprivation of the estate. The second is that any knight must swear an oath to his lord or king, and if a knight violates his oath, not only does it damage his status, but for the Christian knight it will put him at risk of losing his soul and being saved. This is undoubtedly a spiritual punishment.

However, although William gave a large amount of land to the Normans, making the Norman kingdom have more than 6,000 Norman knights, it was still insufficient to be scattered among the three legions and local knights.

However, William was reluctant to continue to divide his estates in order to canonize more knights, as he believed that the feudal knighthood was suitable for other feudal princes, but not for the war-prone Norman kingdom, and he urgently needed a standing army to cope with the growing wars.

The 'gendarmes', a cavalry type that was popular in the Kingdom of France in later generations, came into being.

Gendarmes, nicknamed Imperial Knight, nicknamed Pie Knight, English name Gendarmes, no knight, has nothing to do with knight wool!

The gendarmes originated at the end of the 15th century and continued to exist in 1812 and after, and their maximum period was from the late 15th century to the middle of the 16th century.

The so-called gendarmes were aristocratic-born hoplites that served in the French army, mainly between the late Middle Ages and the early modern period of European history.

Like most monarchs in the fifteenth century, increasing warfare forced the French king to try to maintain a professional standing army to meet the challenges, especially from the threat of the protracted Hundred Years' War. The old feudal system of military service was gradually dismantled by increasingly fierce battles and long wars, and now soldiers enter the barracks for commissions and booty, rather than for the purpose of fulfilling feudal obligations. However, the cost and supply of maintaining such a large mercenary army was unbearable, and their loyalty was cheap in the face of enemy bribes.

During this period, the knights were still in the army like an old pact - 40 days of service per year, but for the King they were more dangerous than useful. In addition to their poor discipline and poor performance on the battlefield, many landless knights still refused to disband and maintain the war system in peacetime, demanded military salaries from the king, and even simply turned into bandits to endanger local law and order.

Plagued by many problems, His Holiness finally decided to reform and build a moderately sized, command-abiding, long-serving army. In 1439, Charles VII decided in Orleans to form such an army to deal with the emptiness of power after the defeat of Armagnac. He issued a decree on the establishment of a standing army with a fixed formation, permanent station, and organization in accordance with regulations. Those who serve in these military units are contracted for a year or more of continuous service. The first such decree was signed by King Charles VII at the Great Council of Orleans in 1439 to build up the backbone of an army to defeat Armagnac's devastating attack.

The hoplites in the company were almost exclusively noble-born, who would serve as knights in the earlier feudal armies. In many ways, they still resemble knights – clad in full-body plate armor, fighting on horseback, and charging with heavy cavalry spears.

It must be emphasized that during the Hundred Years' War, the knights, and, a little later the gendarmes, were equally good in foot combat, a tradition of that period, in response to the dense rain of arrows fired by the large number of longbowmen in the English army. In the case of examples, the gendarmerie were mere heavy cavalry, and therefore not all members were knights, nevertheless, their status on a par with knights, and the fact that most of them were, or qualified to be, knights, suggest that it would be more accurate to call them knights.

As a product of royal power, the gendarmes were absolutely loyal to the French king. In order to strengthen this bond, the commander of the troops was generally a high-ranking nobleman trusted by the French king, and the ordinary soldiers were also extremely strict, usually of good character, and loyal young nobles of the lower ranks were recommended and guaranteed to serve in the army, while some unruly aristocratic families were generally turned away. In addition, soldiers are mostly not allowed to serve in their hometowns.

In the early 16th century, the gendarmes became the most feared cavalry in Europe with their excellent equipment, courage and strict discipline in the face of death, completely washing away the decline of the French knights in the Hundred Years' War. They are usually lined up in two or three columns - with maximum contact surfaces, and launch a devastating charge at the enemy.

The gendarmes had so many advantages that William vigorously formed dozens of gendarmerie companies when he established the standing army and the three major legions, and later assigned them to their respective legions to form the standing cavalry regiment or the guards cavalry regiment, which is the main composition of the cavalry in the three major legions of William's standing army.

As for the feudal knights, except for a few who joined the gendarmerie and infantry as commanders and officers of all ranks, most of the feudal knights joined the Knights' Order, which is the Norman Order that William saw—a knightly order that brought together elite Norman knights from all over the world.