Chapter 31 Farming
After Li Timing returned from Chengbu, he was shocked. A small county town with few Han people and many mountain people, the vitality is even better than that of the prefecture.
Everyone in Chengbu County showed a smile and a vision for the future on their faces, rather than the numb death of most civilians at the moment.
In a small county town, the production of clothing is large enough to be transported by truck, the farm implements are exquisite but cheap, and rare furs are casually sold on the streets.
Looking at the wharf of Maoping Town outside the city, cars come and go, and there is an endless stream, all of which are moving forward with loads. How many goods have to be imported in and out every day?
What a prosperous world!
Back in Wugang, Li Timing willingly bowed to Zhu Shunming and apologized: "I am far from being a public talent." I would like to worship the public as a teacher, learn from the world, and hope that the public will teach. ”
Zhu Shunming was also very happy to convince Li Timing. With the expansion of his territory, there is an urgent shortage of high-end administrative talents. Li Timing has knowledge, ideals, and current affairs, coupled with his status as a state governor, it is too timely for Zhu Shunming.
Li Timing carefully studied several circulars issued by Zhu Shunming and figured out the characteristics of Zhu Shunming's administration.
One is equality. The rules and regulations treat everyone equally, there are no exceptions, and the noble King Min must also follow the law.
The second is to act in accordance with the law. Everything that is not forbidden by the law is possible. For example, if a businessman strikes the market and is replaced by someone else with a heavy army, it may be that someone is arrested, the store is closed, and the goods are confiscated, and in serious cases, the head falls to the ground. But Zhu Shunming didn't.
Zhu Shunming personally said: "The strike is legal, the hoarding is legal, the high price is legal, and the market competition is just that." The market will let the market regulate".
It's a bit of a sense of inaction.
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Wugang Prefecture was handed over to Li Timing, and Zhu Shunming returned to Jiu'an Town.
Jiu'an Town is his base camp, the engine of his career, and his final bottom line. Therefore, the importance of Jiu'an Town has not decreased at all because of the expansion of the territory, but has become more important.
Weapons research and development, technology research and development, agricultural expansion, policy formulation, military operation planning...... All the black technology and top-secret documents that Zhu Shunming thinks are placed in Jiu'an Town. This unique highland is where Zhu Shunming's rampant confidence lies.
He rushed back to Jiu'an Town because the agricultural season had arrived.
The country is people-oriented, and the people are food-oriented. The food problem is a big one. As long as the forbearant Han people have food to eat, they will be poor and willing to be ruled; Once there is no ration, the destructive power of the Han people is also amazing.
In the fourth year of Chongzhen, the yield of the farm reclaimed by Mr. Zhu was very low, and Zhu Shunming let out big words to turn the farm into the Jiangnan model.
Zhu Shunming is really good at farming, especially rice cultivation and recycling.
After all, he has been in Chengbu for several years, leading the villagers to make a fortune step by step, and he is very familiar with the local farming.
The wasteland reclaimed by Old Man Zhu was outside the city of Jiu'an Town, and it was reclaimed along the stream, and all of it was plugged with sea buckthorn and besieged the farm.
Zhu Shunming adapted measures to local conditions as early as the winter famine, and built several standard pigsty on the mountainside to raise pigs; The top of the hill is planted with fruit trees such as peach and plum trees, and chickens are planned to be raised under the fruit trees; There are several sheds near the river, which are places for the ducks to rest and lay their eggs; A large pond was dug near the pigsty, which was used to raise fish and water for pigs.
There is also a row of greenhouses on the edge of the farmland, and Zhu Shunming's specially built seedling room has a mezzanine, which can be heated by fire.
The seedling room is built to meet the needs of the farm's own seedlings, and can also be sold to the outside world.
Seeing Zhu Shunming make a big change in his farm, Old Man Zhu was a little dumbfounded. Can farmland still be done like this? Thinking about it, it does make sense, planting and breeding together, it can complement each other. Livestock eat grass, no breeding costs, pull feces and urine can fertilize the field, increase production and income, wonderful.
It's just that the old man Zhu in the seedling room can't understand it. Do you still need shelter for your crops? Isn't it all over when you sprinkle the seeds into the ground?
When Zhu Shunming knew that Old Man Zhu was only sprinkling rice seeds in the ground and planting them like wheat, he was a little ridiculous.
"Didn't the agricultural technician you recruited tell you that you wanted to raise and transplant seedlings?"
"It seems to have been said," Old Man Zhu recalled: "That old Zhou said it once, and I scolded him." I want to pull it out and plug it back in, wouldn't it be redundant? Good seedlings are not pulled to death? ”
Old Man Zhu was a little embarrassed. Thanks to his self-proclaimed farming veterans, as soon as he arrived in the south, he made such a big joke. It's really a long time to learn, and there are still three points that I haven't learned well.
Crops and flowers depend on dung. In the era when there were no chemical fertilizers, fertilizer accumulation was the most direct way to increase production and high yields.
In order to obtain sufficient and suitable fertilizer, Zhu Shunming built two manure accumulation buildings, a septic tank and a manure tower.
The septic tank is built underneath the pigsty and is piped to the pigsty excrement. The biogas slurry produced by the septic tank is used for top dressing and insecticide.
The manure tower is used for manure. The hollow tower with a diameter of one zhang and a height of three zhang is piled up into a slope on three sides, which is convenient to go up and down. A small door is opened below for fertilizer.
Pour river mud, dead branches and leaves, green grass, human and animal manure and urine from above, wait for natural fermentation and ripening, and take fertilizer from the small door below, and the cycle is endless.
The fertilizer used as a base fertilizer can greatly increase the resistance and yield of crops.
"Son, how do you know so much?" Old Man Zhu thought it was incredible. Although the farm has not yet produced, looking at Zhu Shunming's layout and construction, the output will not be less.
It's just that the investment in such farm construction is too great for ordinary families to afford.
Zhu Shunming smiled and said: "Jiangnan has long had this kind of cyclic breeding mulberry fish pond model, but it is not common in the north. We don't have the habit of raising silkworms in Baoqing Mansion, otherwise silk is a good business to make money, and the key is to make many women employed. ”
By the beginning of April, the seedlings in the seedling room are nearly a foot high, the temperature has warmed up, and the seedlings can be planted.
Zhu Shunming's family personally planted five acres of land, and men, women, and children went out together to devote themselves to large-scale agricultural production.
Agrarian culture is deeply rooted in the marrow of the Han people. No matter how powerful people are, they must participate in farming to show that they will not forget their roots.
Mr. Zhu and others are from Shaanxi, and several girls in the family are from Henan, all of whom are from the northern wheat planting area, and they don't know anything about rice planting.
Not to mention that the seedlings are not arranged crookedly, the depth of the planting is also different. Those that are deeply inserted are mostly submerged in the mud, and those that are shallow are quickly floating on the surface of the water.
The rest of the fields were planted in less than three days by local hired workers, and the seedlings were planted neatly. A large area of farmland is dressed in green, and it looks good.
The hired workers were envious of the Zhu family's seedlings. The seedlings raised by Zhu Shunming are thick and tall, and they are easy to survive at a glance, and the yield will not be low.
In this era of difficult survival, an extra three or five buckets per mu may be able to feed one more person.
Zhu Shunming specially built this super-large seedling room to sell seedlings to the outside world.
He will not distribute these seedlings to farmers for free, and he will not cherish what is too easy to obtain. Of course, he did not prohibit his employees from learning his planting techniques such as raising seedlings, making fertilizer, and killing insects.
This kind of stolen technology that can be seen to be effective will be promoted spontaneously by farmers.
Each mu can be harvested three or five buckets more, which is also what Zhu Shunming hopes to see.
I heard that the seedlings of the Zhu family could be purchased, and that workmanship could be used instead of silver taels, and many hired workers were moved.
The seedlings of the Zhu family are nearly a foot high, and the seedlings of his own family are less than two inches, and they are far from the difference in terms of light season. What does it matter if you can earn an extra three or five buckets per mu and work for a few days? The Zhu family is still in charge of food.
The attentive hired workers kept Zhu Shunming's seedling raising skills and equipment in mind, and planned to try it secretly by themselves. If you can raise such seedlings, won't you be rich?
The long-term employees took a fancy to Zhu Shunming's circular breeding model. As long as Zhu Shunming has a bumper harvest, there will definitely be people who will try this agricultural model of increasing production and income.
The small-scale farm model of intensive cultivation and recycling is the agricultural model that Zhu Shunming intends to promote.
Zhu Shunming believes that the large-scale farm model and the fragmentation of land that were promoted by later generations are not suitable for this land.
If the land is fragmented and not concentrated, it will not be able to be intensively cultivated and recycled, and it can only be simply planted, and the effect of the land cannot be fully brought into play, and the farmers will have food and clothing at most.
Engage in big farms, does Daming have so much land? With so many civilians unable to continue, can the world be peaceful?
In Chinese history, at the end of each dynasty, land was highly concentrated, and peasants who had nothing to do and nothing to eat had to rise up in rebellion.
How much arable land was there in the Ming Dynasty? During the Wanli period, Zhang Juzheng measured the cultivated land across the country, and the data given was 700 million mu. How many people were there in the Ming Dynasty during the Chongzhen period? At least 200 million.
On average, three acres of land can feed one person, which is barely enough. But in a society where the gap between rich and poor is huge, "average" is a joke.
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After the transplanting is completed, the farm begins large-scale farming. Piglets, sows, chicks, and ducklings purchased from all over the farm grow healthy and fast, adding infinite vitality to the farm.
The chickens are playing, the ducklings are playing in the water, and the vitality is infinite.
The professionally built pigsty is much more efficient than the traditional pig raising, and the feed prepared by Zhu Shunming with additives such as Chinese herbs and bone meal makes the piglets eat well, sleep soundly, grow fast, and make the old man Zhu smile all day long.
Half a year's food for a fat pig. In the era of lack of food, a big fat pig is worth no less than three stone grain.
During the Wanli period, one stone of rice (188 catties) was 5 coins of silver, 2 cents of silver for pork, and 8 catties of rice were combined for one catty of pork. A fat pig of about 200 catties is equivalent to nearly ten stones of rice and the output of four or five acres of fields.
By the time of Chongzhen, prices skyrocketed, and the price of pork was even more unattainable, which shows that raising pigs is completely profitable.
But at that time, it would be good for civilians to be fed, and how could they have spare money to raise pigs. Piglets need money to buy, pigs also have to eat grain, and pigs will get sick and have plague...... These risks are somewhat unbearable for people who are struggling to survive.
Zhu Shunming has a lot of money, and he has raised thousands of piglets and more than 200 sows in one go, all of which are active money.
If only there were corn and sweet potatoes. Zhu Shunming sighed with regret. Feeding pigs rice and soybeans is a bit of a luxury, but in the era when there was no corn as the main feed, what was used to fatten pigs?
Plant some high-protein pastures like alfalfa next year. It's time for Nanshan Ranch to be developed.