Nanyan meets and remembers Donglai

Kaoting will talk about science again

Xin Qiji first talked about the meeting of Nanyan in the ninth year of Chunxi. In the autumn of that year, due to the failure of the impeachment of Tang Zhongyou, the imperial court changed Zhu Xi to Jiangxi to be punished, Zhu Xi was extremely dissatisfied with the imperial court's peaceful approach, resigned angrily, and transferred from western Zhejiang to Xinzhou, to visit the ancestor Han Yuanji, who had been sent to Shishi, to celebrate his birthday.

Han Yuanji, the word is not to blame, the number is Nanjian, and the official is still in the ministry. Since the Zhenzong Dynasty in the Song Dynasty, there are two major surnames in the family of wealthy scholars, and their status is quite prominent, one is the surname Lu and the other is the surname Han. Among them, there are two major families with the surname Han, one is Yingchuan Han, the Han family Jingshi Mansion is planted in front of the sycamore, also known as the Tongmu Han family, its developed ancestor is called Han Yi, Zeng Guan to participate in political affairs, he has eight sons, all of whom are officials in the court, among which Han Zhen and Han Jiang are all Zaifu, and their descendants will multiply and prosper in the future, and Han Yuanji is the great-grandson of Han Jiang; The other is Xiangzhou Han, the ancestor of Zhongxing is Han Qi of the three dynasties, this prince has six sons, the eldest son Han Zhongyan, the prime minister of the Huizong Dynasty, the youngest son Han Jiayan is the princess of Shenzong Qi, Han Qi's grandchildren are as many as thirty-four, and the great-grandchildren are more than eighty people, and Han Yanxuan is one of the youngest.

Han Yuanji is also a descendant of Cheng's science. At that time, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi had four major disciples, namely Yang Shi, You Xing, Yin Rong and Xie Liangzuo. Han is a disciple of Yin Rong, while Zhu Xi is two generations later than Han: Luo Congyan, a disciple of Yang Shichuan, Li Tong, a disciple of Luo, and Zhu Xi is a student of Li Dong.

During the Gandao period, Zhu Xi's mother died, and the family was embarrassed, so Zhu Xi borrowed money from Han Yuanji, the ancestor who served in Wuzhou. At that time, Han Yuanji's family also suffered an accident.

In his early years, when Han Yuanji was studying in Deqing, Huzhou, he met Lu Zuqian, a young man from Wuzhou, although he was only sixteen years old, he was quick thinking and extraordinary, and Han Yuanji loved it very much. Ten years later, he married his eldest daughter, Han Fu, who was only twenty years old, to Lu Zuqian. In the second year, Lu Zuqian really did not meet the expectations of the public, and even the erudite macro words and the second department of Jinshi, the officials were exempted from the grinding and directly awarded the official. A few years later, the eldest daughter Han Fu died of a sudden illness at the age of 27, and the boy born to him died subsequently. Two years later, Han Yuanji married his third daughter Han Concubine to Lu Zuqian, and after another two years, the third daughter Han Concubine also died of illness at the age of 27, and the young daughters born to him also died one after another. lost two daughters in a row, the white-haired man sent the black-haired man, and Han Yuanji was in pain.

Sad people are very sad to see each other. Han Wonji did his best to fund Zhu Xi's mother's funeral.

This time, Zhu Xi went to the Han Mansion, and Han Yuanji was very happy. The two talked, and somehow, they talked about Lu Zuqian. Han Yuanji's face was suddenly full of sadness, it turned out that Lu Zuqian died in the winter of the first year, at the age of forty-five.

In order to let the ancestor relax, Zhu Xi asked Xu Hengzhong, a scholar from Xinzhou, to accompany Han Yuanji on an excursion.

At this time, Xin Qiji lived in the north of the city with a lake, while Han Yuanji was in the south of the city, and the two had a lot of contacts. Xin Qiji learned that he rushed to the Han Mansion with gifts, and the four of them visited a drop of spring in Nanyan together.

The four of them drank wine and wrote poems and lyrics, and they were very happy. Xin Qiji's "Too Often Quoted" celebrates Lao Shangshu's birthday:

The king was silent.

Then the order is charged, Zichen class.

This generation respects Han again.

Ministry of Taoism, article Taishan.

A cup of Chitose, ask the public what is the matter, and accompany Chimatsu in the morning.

Achievements to see later.

Like Jiangzuo, Merry Xie An.

Speaking of this, Zhu Xi got up, asked the scholar to study the ink and lay the paper, lifted the No. 1 sheep's hair, and wrote down two words: Sleep at night, self-denial and revenge.

After the ink dried, it was given to Xin Qiji.

Xin Qiji said happily, "Master's big character is unique in the world, and Master's teachings will be remembered for the rest of his life, which is a double win." ”

Zhu Xi was sitting precariously, "You and I encourage you to say this." ”

Xin Qiji sincerely begged: Please ask the master to tell Jiaxuan about this self-denial and revenge.

Zhu Xi said, this sentence is from "Analects? Yan Yuan": "Yan Yuan asked Ren. Zi said: Self-denial is benevolence. One day of self-denial and revenge, the world will return to benevolence! For the sake of benevolence, but by others? ”

Xin Qiji said, my understanding is so. Self-denial means that a person must be able to restrain himself, overcome himself, not be tempted by external objects, not be willful, and do whatever he wants. The word ritual is the word of reason, the word of etiquette is the uneasy thing to solidify, and the repetition of the ritual is to restore to rationalization. It means to restrain yourself, overcome yourself, and make your every word and deed reasonable and legitimate.

Zhu Xi nodded yes, and carefully guided: Gram is selfishness. Selfishness is selfish, and the principles of heaven are restored, for example, if the dirt is gone, the mirror is self-evident; When the rubble is swept, the room is self-cleaning. Self-denial and revenge are not allowed to be made, and selflessness is benevolence. Heavenly reason and human desires are mutually excessive, and if you overcome human desires, you can repay them. Respect is like governing the fields and irrigation, and self-denial is like removing evil weeds. As people say: "It is easy to go to the mountains to be a thief, but it is difficult to go to the heart." To deny oneself is to destroy the thief of the heart. Etiquette has the functions of guidance, moderation, comprehensiveness, and balance in life behavior, and can promote the perfection of interpersonal relationships; Courtesy is benevolence, and Confucius's teaching of etiquette can be seen from its origin. Therefore, the Analect of Yu Zihan also contains Yan Yuan's words: Master Bo I will write and ask me to be courteous.

Xin Qiji's enlightenment: How to achieve self-denial and revenge? It is what Confucius said, do not look at incivility, do not listen to incivility, do not speak incivility, and do not move incivility. The etiquette mentioned here refers to the various etiquette norms implemented in the social life at that time, not only should we treat people and things according to the etiquette norms, but also do not do things that do not conform to the etiquette norms. That is to say, to learn etiquette, we must not only act according to etiquette, but more importantly, we must be vigilant at all times and do not do rude things.

Zhu Xi smiled slightly, agreed, and talked eloquently: the true meaning of self-denial is to overcome selfish desires, here, etiquette is not only a specific etiquette, but a general reference to heavenly principles, reciprocal rites should follow heavenly principles, which greatly expands the connotation of self-denial and retribution. Benevolence is the perfect moral realm of people's hearts, in fact, it is nothing more than heavenly principles, so if you can overcome your own selfish desires and return to heavenly principles, you will naturally reach the realm of benevolence. And self-denial has four meanings. One is called the object. The word self-denial should be said to everyone in the world, and if everyone has done self-denial, then the world will return to benevolence, and it will be logical. It can also be understood that self-denial refers to the emperor and general in a high position, according to the ideological theory of "the virtue of the gentleman, the virtue of the villain, the wind on the grass, and the wind on the grass", the rulers take self-denial as an example, and the common people follow self-denial. Second, the original intention. In the Analects. In "Liren", Zi said: "See the virtuous and think together, and see the unvirtuous and introspect yourself." Self-denial is "self-examination, self-blame, and self-prosecution", Zeng Tzu admonished us: "I am self-conscious three times a day, and I am not loyal to others? Making friends and not believing them? Are you used to it? But ordinary people rarely have the spirit of self-blame, and Confucius once said with emotion: "It's over! I have not seen anyone who can see his faults and sue himself. "Three said content. The content of self-denial. In the Analects. In Ji's "Ji", Confucius said: "A gentleman has three precepts: when he is young, his blood is undecided, and the precepts are in color; and its strength, the blood is strong, and the ring is fighting; and his old age, the flesh is declining, and the abstinence is in it. In the Analects. In Yan Yuan", when Confucius answered Fan Chi's question and discernment, he was not talking about distinguishing between right and wrong, but self-cultivation and self-discipline. He said, "Once in a time." Forget his body, and his relatives, are you confused? It is to emphasize the abstinence from impulsiveness in case of trouble. Fourth, the key. In the end, self-denial is just refraining from thoughts. The book says: "Only the holy mind is mad, and only the madness is holy." Saint is clear, madness is stupidity, mind is holy, and slowness is madness. And the transition between holiness and madness is only between recklessness and receptivity. Self-denial requires restraining our evil thoughts in order to establish human righteousness. Therefore, Zi said: "Benevolence is far away? I want to be benevolent, and I want to be benevolent! ”

Hearing this, Xin Qiji gave up his hands, and the master spoke incisively, and the disciple understood. Please take a sip of tea.

After resting for a while, Xin Qiji picked up another volume of "Recent Reflections" and asked, what is the use of this book for scholars?

Zhu Xi told him that this set of books was co-edited with Lu Zuqian in the summer of the second year of Chunxi (1175), mainly the quotations of Mr. Zhou Dunyi Lianxi, Mr. Zhang Zaihengqu, Mr. Cheng Hao Mingdao and Mr. Cheng Yi Yichuan, and the classic expositions in the anthology were arranged according to the entries, annotated and explained, and the whole book has a total of 14 outlines, each of which is a volume, with a total of 622 articles. To read the classics, we must first find a path and set up a courtyard first. The writings of the four sons of Zhou Zhang Ercheng are the ladder for studying the Six Classics, and the "Recent Reflections" is the ladder for studying the works of the four sons.

What's the use of writing a book? Mr. Hengqu gave a good answer to this: establish a heart for heaven and earth, establish a life for the people, continue to learn for the saints, and open peace for all generations. "Lixin" is also the heart of "establishing heavenly principles", because heavenly principles "can make the world happy and comprehensible", so that "the world" generally accepts moral values such as the principle of benevolence and filial piety. "Establishing a life for the people" means choosing the right direction of destiny for the people and establishing the meaning of life. The second is to inherit the way of Confucius and Mencius and expand it to a new stage. So as to establish a spiritual home for human beings who return to frankness and sincerity.

Two days later, Xin Qijian returned with a full load. Passing by Nanjian, boarding the Shuangxi Tower, looking into the distance, the rise and fall of the ages, the life encounters, for a while, the famous article "Water Dragon Yin? Crossing the South Sword Shuangxi Tower" with a wave:

Raise your head to the northwest clouds, leaning on the sky and thousands of miles with a long sword.

People say that here, see you in the middle of the night, and the bullfighting is bright.

I feel that the mountains are high, the pool is empty and the water is cold, and the moon and stars are light.

When the rhino burns down, he is afraid of the railing, the wind and thunder are angry, and the fish and dragon are miserable.

The gorge bundles the Cangjiang River, passing the dangerous building, and wants to fly back.

Yuan Long Lao! You might as well lie down and curle cold.

The rise and fall of the ages, a hundred years of sad laughter, a moment of viewing.

Ask who unloads again, a piece of sail on the sandy shore, tied to the oblique sun cable?