Just as Hui Shi and Kuang Zhang were confronting, Dai Yan was talking to Wei Mou. Pen, fun, and www.biquge.info

"Childe is so young and his knowledge is so amazing, no wonder Childe can become a great pedestrian of the Song Kingdom at an age of less than a weak crown, and he admires it." Wei Mu was a figure of the Yang Zhu school, and his knowledge was also amazing, but after seeing Dai Yan's logic and geometry, he immediately admired this knowledge.

"Childe praised it." Dai Yan said modestly. "Today's meeting of the king, it is a blessing to be able to see the debate between the famous and the Confucian, the son studied under the famous master, are you interested in also having a debate?"

"I am entrusted with the order of the monarch of our country, and I must not offend the great powers at the meeting of the prime minister. There is an opportunity for debate, but I should not choose this time. If Childe is interested, he might as well give it a try. Wei Mu said.

"Haha, I'm really interested." Dai Yan said.

Then he stepped forward, bowed deeply to the king of Wei and the king of Qi, who were in the main position, and then asked: "The son of the great man of the Song Kingdom has come to see the king of Wei and the king of Qi. The king is holding a matter of the king here today, and there is a major event that he is puzzled about, and he dares to ask the king to solve his doubts. ”

King Wei and King Qi carefully looked at Dai Yan, who stepped forward, fifteen or sixteen years old, dressed in a simple robe, with a slender body and a divine light on his face. King Wei is a person who pays attention to the cultivation of the nobility, and he intuitively feels that this prince of the Song Kingdom is dressed in shabby, so he is a little unhappy in his heart, so he is silent. King Qi looked at Dai Yan with interest for a while, and then said, "Son, there is something to do, but please tell me directly." ”

Dai Yan said: "The kid tasted Zhou Chengtian's mandate, the king of Zhou is the eldest son of Haotian God, and Haotian God gave Zhou Tianzi the right to rule the world. And the Son of Heaven alone lacked skills and could not manage the entire territory of the world, so Zhou divided the princes. There are 800 princes in the founding of the Zhou Dynasty, and the cloud of "Poetry": Under the whole world, it is not the king's land; On the shore of the land, it is not the king's minister. The King of Wei and the King of Qi were enshrined in Zhou, inheriting the Mandate of Heaven of Zhou, and the King of Wei and the King of Qi were able to rule the two countries of Wei and Qi, the two countries of ten thousand times, wasn't it the Mandate of Heaven? However, now that he is the king without authorization, ignoring the mandate of Zhou, the kid dares to ask the king of Qi and the king of Wei, what is the legal principle of the two kings ruling the state of Qi and the state of Wei? ”

In the pre-Qin era, how was the state established? First of all, you have to have the land, you have to have the people; Then you need to get the canonization of the Son of Heaven, which means that you uphold the will of Heaven to rule the people, which is a direct inheritance of the Mandate of Heaven, such as the feudal Lu State, Qi State, Jin State and so on in the early Zhou Dynasty This is how it was established. If there is land and people, but they cannot be canonized by the Son of Heaven, what do you call such a political system? If this political body is canonized by the princes, it is equivalent to indirectly inheriting the mandate of heaven, then it can be called home. For example, the Zhao family of the Jin State and the Wei family are all like this. A political body that cannot be canonized by neither the Son of Heaven nor the princes, then what is it? In the eyes of the people of China, such a political system is a barbarian, because they do not directly inherit the mandate of heaven and must be crusaded. Like the early Xianyu State of Zhongshan, it is actually a political body, with land and people, but it has not been canonized by Zhou, that is, it has no authorization from the Mandate of Heaven, and all countries do not recognize its legitimacy, so the Jin State has crusaded against it again and again, and the Wei State and the Zhao State after the three Jin divisions have never let it go, thinking that it is a barbarian, until its monarch bribed Zhou Tianzi and canonized the Zhongshan State as a viscount, which made everyone reluctantly recognize the Zhongshan State.

The Son of Heaven bears the mandate of heaven, and only the state that inherits the mandate of heaven can have the legal right to rule. This is actually the basic political system of "divine authority of kings", and the whole world has accepted this set of statements. And the system of divine authority of monarchy is the legal basis of almost all monarchies, and King Xiang of Wei Qi is actually usurping the mandate of heaven, that is, trampling on the legal principle of "divine authority of monarchy", so what reason can Qi and Wei exist in the world?

King Qi almost thought about the powerful relationship in the blink of an eye, yes, he was Qi Hou before, although he was a monarch and a prince, but in essence he was still a courtier of King Zhou, adhering to Zhou's mandate of heaven, which was also the basis for him to rule the Qi country, but now he has dug this foundation with his own hands, why didn't he think of such a major problem before? He didn't have a reasonable answer to this question, so he was silent.

King Wei didn't seem to have reacted yet, he said directly: "The widow is the king of the Wei country, and the widow can naturally rule the Wei country, what's the problem with this?" ”

Hui Shi, who was beside the King of Wei, was extremely embarrassed, but he had to speak for the King of Wei: "The two prime ministers do not want to usurp the mandate of heaven of Zhou, but to follow the law. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, King Cheng was young, but Zhou faced the rebellion of Uncle Guan and Wu Geng, and the Duke of Zhou became the regent and became the king, replacing King Cheng in power; If today's attack is getting worse, and the Son of Heaven is weak, Wei and Qi are the overlords of the world, and they have the strength to rule the world. Now King Wei Qixiang does not want to deny Zhou's mandate of heaven, but only to show dignity as a king, and that's it. ”

Dai Yan laughed and asked Hui Shi: "According to Keiko, as long as a country is strong and has the strength to rule the world, it can be called king?" There are a total of 12 princes here, if any country is strong in the future, can it also be called king? Then he turned to Han Hou Han Kang and said to Han Kang: "After Korea and Wei were both the Three Jin Dynasty, the people of the country had the courage to rectify; South Korea also has Yiyang Iron Mountain, which is famous all over the world for the benefits of a soldier. South Korea is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, controlling Wan and Luo, and is the Son of Heaven Ping Domain, which is actually a big country in the world. ”

Han Hou was already extremely unhappy with the King of Wei and the King of Qi claiming to be kings without authorization, and when he saw that someone dared to come out to challenge their authority, he was secretly proud in his heart, and Leng Buding was brought in by Dai Yan all of a sudden. South Korea appointed Shin Bu Harm to change the law during the time of his father, Han Zhaohou, and made Korea strong again. However, an attack by Wei destroyed the results of Shen Buxian's reform, and now Korea is far less powerful than his father's time, and he is really afraid of Wei and Qi to the core, so how dare he claim to be the king without authorization?

Han Hou was silent, and Han Xianggong, who was beside Han Hou, spoke extravagantly: "My South Korea is not strong now, and I dare not claim the king without authorization." His answer was extremely subtle, which was equivalent to acquiescing to Dai Yan's statement that the Wei State was the king of the Qi State, which was nothing more than relying on strength. If one day in the future, South Korea becomes strong again, or if there are conditions, of course South Korea will also be king.

However, this is not the answer that Dai Yan wants. Why is Dai Yan so obsessed with being the king? In fact, he really wanted to do something earth-shattering: to determine the legal power of the state.

What is the difference between a modern state and an ancient state? Before the 17th century, the countries of the world were large monarchies, and the basis of their existence was the divine right of kings. In East Asia, when the Chinese dynasties opened the country, they had to worship the heavens, so what did they do? In fact, it is to be authorized by God to prove that my country adheres to the mandate of Heaven and rules over all peoples. Most of the countries in other regions are influenced by religion, and almost all of them have religious mandates. For example, if the kings of Europe want to be recognized by the world, they must be crowned by the pope, which is equivalent to acknowledging that the king's power comes from God and comes from God's grant.

So how did the modern nation-state come to be? The first truly modern state in history was the Netherlands, built on the ruins of the Thirty Years' War in Europe. After the Thirty Years' War broke out in Europe in the 17th century, the warring nations signed the Peace of Westphalia, which laid the foundation for what would become the world's nation-states. The most crucial part of this treaty was the formal recognition of the Netherlands and Switzerland as independent and sovereign states by European countries. From that time on, the legitimacy of the state no longer derives from divine authority, but from the recognition of influential powers.

And how did China go from a feudal empire to a truly modern state? There are a few key steps. The first step was after the Second Opium War, when the Qing Dynasty first recognized Britain and France. Later, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the new Republic of China was recognized by all countries in the world. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, almost no other country recognized it, except for the Soviet Union and some Eastern European countries. It was not until Nixon's visit to China in 1972 that he officially recognized that there was only one China in the world, and Wanwan was also a part of China. With the United States, a major country with worldwide influence, taking the lead in recognizing China, most countries in the world have since recognized China. Even if Wanwan has its own territory, people, constitution, political power and other things that a country should have, it is still only a region, not a country, because it is not recognized by the world's mainstream countries.

The two states of Wei and Qi recognized each other's kings as kings, which in Dai Yan's view was the first step in laying the foundation of a modern state. From this time on, the title of "king" was no longer a symbol of the Son of Heaven, but was recognized by influential powers in the world. It follows from this that since the "king" can be recognized, what about the state? The basis of its existence should also be the recognition of other countries. This change in jurisprudence is so subtle that people in this era are hardly aware of the difference.

The king of Qi thought for a long time, but he didn't think about what the legal principles of the country were after the Qi State usurped the Mandate of Heaven. So he didn't want to think about it, and asked Dai Yan directly: "Ziyan, what do you want to say, you can say it clearly, and you don't have to beat around the bush." ”

Dai Yan replied solemnly: "The kid actually wants to say that since Wei and Qi can be kings, putting aside the Mandate of Heaven of Zhou, then the existence of Wei and Qi actually does not need Zhou Tianzi, as long as Wei and Qi recognize each other, then the existence of the two countries is naturally reasonable and legitimate." As a great pedestrian of the Song Kingdom, the boy hereby officially recognizes the Qi State and the Wei State as the kingdom, and its monarch is the king. ”