Chapter 322: Changing the Law (1)
When the relocation of the capital was completed and the nobles were taught a lesson, Dai Yan's work in the Song Kingdom was smooth!
After stripping off the foundation of the nobles of the Song Kingdom, he began to seek to completely sort out the domestic situation of the Song Kingdom and complete the integration of the entire Song Kingdom!
In Dai Yan's view, although the Song Kingdom is an ancient country with a history of hundreds of years, it is also a civilization that has existed for a longer time than the Zhou tribe! Such a civilization, in such a world of great controversy as the Warring States Period, has reached the moment of near extinction! If the Song Kingdom cannot break free from this great dispute, the glory of the entire Song Kingdom will pass away forever; As a nobleman of the Song Kingdom, and even his descendants, he will fall into an extremely miserable situation in the future!
If we want to continue to rise up, we must complete the reform in a quick way to make the whole country strong!
Although Dai Yan owned the entire Song Kingdom, a careful observation of the actual situation of the Song Kingdom would show what a terrible country it was!
Before he took over the Song Dynasty, the whole country generally implemented the six-secretary system, and the local government was basically autonomous by the aristocracy. The six Qings are composed of the right division, the left division, Sima, Situ, Sicheng and Sikou. In the Spring and Autumn Period, because the nobles held the military power, they controlled the most powerful army, and the right division became the head of the Six Qings, that is, the Song State was in power!
In the Song Kingdom, which was ruled by the great clans, Song Jun's sense of existence was very weak, and he could only rely on the preaching of the priests to become the son of a god and have a strong reputation among the Song people! And it is with this prestige, and even the strong religious atmosphere of the people, that Song Jun can have greater influence and influence politics!
It can be said that it was the existence of Song Jun as the son of the gods that allowed the Song Kingdom to unite into a group, and it was not divided into many countries because of the rebellion, nor was it replaced by foreign races and lost the country!
When Zixi took over the Song Dynasty, he also tried to make changes to the entire Song state, and strengthened the power of the monarch by centralizing power. For example, the establishment of a regular army "military pawn" controlled by the monarch to control the military power of the entire Song State! As for the control of the place, Zixi controls the place by "walking on two legs", using the parallel method of dividing the seal and setting up the flow of officials!
It is precisely because of Dai Yan's identity as Zixi's younger brother that he can have such a city as Fengyi when he is just 15 years old and just at the age when he can join the army! And later, he was also able to have a larger fiefdom - Taoqiu!
And the other way to control the place is to appoint the governor in each province, and let these guardians rule the place!
I have to say that Zixi's two reforms, in terms of thinking, are not wrong. However, this plan to take over power almost fell into a complete failure in the entire Song Kingdom! Although the local officials were appointed by him personally, because of the strength of the local nobles, when they entered the place, they were easily overtaken by the place! Even a few officials who are not set aside will soon come together with the nobles and become the spokesmen of the aristocracy!
The results of the reform can be seen from the annual tax revenue of the entire Song Kingdom, which is only 100,000 gold!
It can be said that Zixi's only successful reform of the local area was realized only in the place where the Huang clan occupied absolute dominance! And these places, even if they were not reformed, were originally firmly controlled by the royal nobles!
Zixi's reform also raised such a powerful force as Dai Yan and Taoqiu in the local area, and the regular army soldiers he cultivated were also defeated in the war of Taoqiu! It can be said that his reforms have completely failed both at the central and local levels!
Since Dai Yan took over the burden in Zixi's hands and controlled the entire Song Kingdom, he would naturally learn the lessons of Zixi's reforms!
In Dai Yankai's view, Zixi's reform, in terms of direction, is naturally no problem. Tightening the power of the central government, weakening local forces, and completing the centralized power structure are the standard configuration of the reform of the law in this era! However, his biggest problem is that his own will is not strong enough, and he does not have the courage to carry out the reform to the end; Coupled with the fact that he did not have a contingent capable of carrying out his will, that is, a qualified bureaucratic corps, he had no choice but to choose the old nobles to continue to serve as the guardians of the various provinces.
The appointed Yi Shou is a nobleman himself, and Zixi's own changes are itself against the interests of the nobles, will those nobles be willing to convey his decrees? A class will not betray the class itself, and this is the biggest reason for Zixi's failure!
Fortunately, Zixi's own will to change the law was not strong enough, so he didn't touch the interests of the nobles too much, otherwise it might not be Dai Yan who raised troops to overthrow him, but other nobles!
For Dai Yan, the basis of his power, unlike Zixi, did not come entirely from the aristocracy, but from merchants and scholars. Considering the strong strength of the nobles in the Song Kingdom, when he pacified the Song Kingdom, he did not overthrow them all at once! Because he knows very well that the aristocratic power is all over the Song Kingdom, he has no way, and now he can't have enough time to let him take the power in the hands of the Song State, so the best way is to marginalize the nobles!
Of course, Dai Yan's marginalization actually gave the nobles a lot of room for maneuver. The establishment of the left court and the right court was the first time that the nobles were included in the complete political power of the Song Kingdom, and gave them the seemingly great power of canonizing the monarch! But in Dai Yan's opinion, the nobles have ruled the Song Kingdom for a long time, and now they are no longer suitable to rule in person, so they can be the "shareholders" of the entire Song Kingdom, have the right to speak, can have a say in major matters, and can also share the dividends brought by the development of the entire Song Kingdom, but Dai Yan does not allow them to hold actual power!
The one who should really hold the power, as the ruler of the Song State, should not be these nobles lying on the ancestral industry, but should be professional bureaucrats! Dai Yan is not like Zixi, he can only use the aristocracy to rule the Song Kingdom, and the entire Taoqiu has sufficient literate talents under his educational reform, and these people are potential excellent bureaucrats in Dai Yan's eyes!
How powerful a country ruled by the bureaucracy can be, just look at the powerful Qin and Han empires! The biggest shortcoming of the bureaucracy is that it quickly becomes corrupt after losing checks and balances, so Dai Yan also needs to check and balance the bureaucrats through the aristocracy, let them work hard, work hard, and let the entire Song State burst out with great power!
Therefore, in Dai Yan's setting, the central power of the entire Song State is roughly divided into three parts, namely administrative power, supervision power, and military power! This kind of setup is the structure of the empire! From this moment on, the Song Empire began to really sprout!
The division of power set by Dai Yan is not imagined by himself alone, but refers to the settings of many dynasties in later generations! Although the origin of centralization is early, it has really established a mature system, or the system of three princes and nine secretaries laid down in the era of Qin Shi Huang!
Among them, the three princes, namely the prime minister, the imperial historian and the imperial lieutenant, perfectly correspond to the most important administrative, supervisory and military powers of a country, and control the actual power! And Jiuqing is the one who specifically controls the subdivision power under this administrative structure!
Such a power structure is the top-level design of the culmination of legalists! Even later, the name of the official position changed, but the actual division of power still follows this framework! Such a power structure, whether it is called the system of three provinces and six ministries by later generations, or the system of democratic centralism, in fact, has not undergone essential changes in the overall framework under the tripartite division of administrative power, supervisory power and military power!
Dai Yan also followed this top-level design and adjusted the power structure of the entire Song Kingdom.
The one who controls the administrative power of the entire Song State is the Prime Minister's Mansion, and the chief official of the Prime Minister's Mansion is the Xiangguo, that is, the ruling power, assisting the monarch to take charge of all military and political affairs at home and abroad in the Song State! Of course, in order to share the pressure of Xiangguo, Dai Yan also set up the deputy minister as Xiangguo's deputy to assist!
Under the Prime Minister's Mansion, Dai Yan basically followed the standards of later generations, and divided into several departments, such as the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Crime, the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Commerce!
The first is the Ministry of Officials, which is the department that controls the inspection, promotion and appointment of officials in the entire Song Kingdom, which is the "Central Organization Department" in Dai Yan's eyes! Such a department is naturally the most powerful department under the Xiangguo, and it is a well-deserved "heavenly official"!
Subsequently, there is the household department. This department controls the measurement of the country's territory and fields, the registration of household registration, the collection of taxes, the distribution of officials' salaries, the distribution of military quarters, and all other matters related to finance! In addition to the heavenly officials who manage people, the "local officials" who manage money are naturally the real power departments second only to the officials!
After the household department, there is the Ministry of Rites. The Ministry of Rites was mainly responsible for the education system, the diplomatic system, and the etiquette system of the entire Song Kingdom. In Dai Yan's vision, diplomatic affairs will be shared by himself and Xiangguo, so the actual power of the Ministry of Rites will be weakened to a certain extent! However, even so, the department with the three major systems is also a department with a lot of power!
After the Ministry of Rites, there is the Ministry of War. As a bureaucratic department, the military department is not an army, and does not directly hold military power, but is in charge of the mobilization of munitions and ordnance, the procurement of equipment, the issuance of military orders, and the observation of the international situation. The most important role of the military department is to be able to provide sufficient military supplies to the army on the front line in the event of war! At the same time, in peacetime, the Ministry of War needs to take actions against other countries to predict the harm to the Song State, and it is basically a Ministry of Defense that has stripped away military power!
After the military department, there is the criminal department. This department mainly manages the domestic security of the Song Kingdom, and is responsible for solving cases, arresting criminals, and maintaining domestic order. However, the biggest difference between this department and the criminal department in later generations is that it does not have the power to make laws, and compared with other ministries, the power of the criminal department is much reduced!
After the Criminal Department, it is the Ministry of Works. The Ministry of Industry is mainly responsible for the management of the entire Song Kingdom, and all departments related to industrial production, as well as the entire Taoqiu factory, must be included in the management of the Ministry of Industry. At the same time, the Ministry of Industry also needs to be responsible for managing all the large-scale projects in the Song Kingdom!
In addition to the Ministry of Industry, Dai Yan thought about it for a long time and set up a new department, the Ministry of Commerce. The Ministry of Commerce was mainly responsible for the management of merchants and commerce in the entire Song Kingdom, commercial disputes with other countries, and the smooth flow of domestic and foreign commercial routes.
The administrative power of the entire Song State consisted of the Prime Minister's Office and seven departments. And the chief official of the seven departments, Dai Yan did not use the name of "Shangshu" in later generations, but directly called "Qing", the chief official of the Ministry of Officials, that is, the official Qing! After all, in this era, people's general perception of officials is that they are secretaries, doctors and scholars. Giving the identity of a chief official can make people know their specific identity and status, and it will also facilitate the interaction between the Song State and the surrounding countries!
In addition to a chief secretary, each ministry also has several secretaries, which basically corresponds to the deputy ministers of later generations. After Yaqing, there are many senior doctors, middle doctors and lower doctors, who control the specific affairs of each ministry respectively, thus forming a complete department in the central government!
And the supervision power of the Song State was in the hands of the left court and the right court. The left court and the right court are composed of nobles appointed by Dai Yan and elected parliamentarians respectively, and they are basically not the same as bureaucrats at all levels! Not only did they have the power to legislate, but they even had the power to ornate kings, and they naturally had the power to oversee officials.
In Dai Yan's mind, with the supervision of the left court and the right court, even if the officials have done something inappropriate, they don't dare to go too far!