Chapter 190 Henan Journey
At the beginning of the founding of the Jin People's Republic of China, the system of Bo Ji Lie was implemented. Bo Jilie is a Jurchen language, which means "to govern the people", according to the Manchurians, that is, the Qing Dynasty "Baylor" is a different translation, that is, official. Jin Taizu is the emperor with the capital (total) Bo Ji Lie, and Taizong is guarded by the Zhi version (noble) Bo Ji Lie. Secondly, there are the national theory (noble) Bo Jilie (equivalent to the prime minister) and the left and right national theory Bo Jilie (equivalent to the left and right ministers), etc., all of which are the most important officials of the government. The subordinate ministers are called Xiao Jin, and the one who commands several departments is called Hulu. Later, with the development of the jurisdiction, the official system of the Jin Dynasty also continued to change. After Jin Xizong ascended the throne, he abolished the Bojilie system and fully adopted the Liao and Song official systems. There are three divisions (Taishi, Taifu, Taibao), three dukes (Taiwei, Situ, Sikong), three provinces, six departments, Yushitai, Marshal's Mansion, Dazong Zhengfu, Hanlin Yuan, Taichang Temple, etc. It is worth noting that the three provinces are not separated, and the status of Menxia and Zhongshu provinces is lower than that of Shangshu Province, and the governor is also concurrently served by Shangshu Provincial officials. In fact, Shangshu Province was in power, and Zhongshu Province and Menxia Province were subordinate to Shangshu Province. It was not until the first year of King Zhenglong of Hailing (1156 AD) that the official system was reformed, and the official system of the Jin Dynasty was roughly fixed. The settings are as follows:
An important feature of the central government is that there are no three provinces, with Shangshu Province as the highest administrative body. Shangshu Province has established Shangshu Ling, which is the highest administrator; left and right prime ministers, Pingzhang political affairs (once abolished), equivalent to the prime minister; Left and right, participating in political affairs, equivalent to the deputy prime minister. However, Shangshuling's status was too high, and it gradually evolved into an honorary title, and it was Prime Minister Zuo who really led Shangshu Province. Shangshu Province is divided into left and right divisions, each with Langzhong, Wailang, and Du Shi, in charge of the affairs of the left and right divisions, and is divided into three departments of inspectors, households, and rites, and three departments of soldiers, criminals, and workers. The six ministers are Shangshu, and there are squires, langzhong, and outsiders. If there is a major change in the locality, Shangshu Province will send an agency to the local government, called Xingtai Shangshu Province, also referred to as Xing Province. In the second year of Tiande (1150 AD), it was once dismissed, but it was soon restored. Xingtai Shangshu Province has the same officials as Shangshu Province, but there is no order, and the level is also one level lower than that of Shangshu Province.
Other central agencies can be broadly divided into five categories.
The first category is military-related institutions. The Privy Council is the highest military body, and the prefect is the Privy Councillor, which consists of a deputy envoy, a signatory of the Privy Council, and a co-signatory of the Privy Council. The Privy Council is the commanding body of the army, and the Ministry of War is the management body of military and political affairs. In general, the Privy Council was controlled by the province of Shangshu. The armed guards are all in command of the division, responsible for guarding the capital, and the commander is the commander of the capital. The inspection department in front of the palace is responsible for guarding the palace, and the chief is the inspection in front of the palace. Ordnance Superintendent, in charge of repairing weapons, and the commander is Ordnance Superintendent.
The second category is institutions related to supervision, counseling, and justice. The Imperial Historical Observatory is the highest supervisory body, the chief is the Imperial Historian, and the deputy is the Imperial Historian. It consists of the imperial history, the imperial history of the scholar, the imperial history of the palace, and the supervision of the imperial history. Dengwen Inspection Yuan, first subordinate to the Imperial Historical Observatory, was responsible for reporting to the emperor the improper handling of Shangshu Province and the Imperial Historical Observatory. The Dengwen Drum Academy, at the beginning, was also subordinate to the Imperial Historical Observatory, and was responsible for reporting to the emperor the mishandling of the Imperial Historical Observatory and the Dengwen Procuratorate. The two courts shall each have a prefect and a co-governor. In the second year of Zhangzong Mingchang (1191 AD), the Dengwen Procuratorate and the Dengwen Drum Institute were separated from the Yushitai and became independent institutions. The Imperial Court is responsible for advising the emperor, and there are left and right doctors, left and right counsellors, left and right gleaning, and left and right supplements. The Court of Judges is responsible for refuting mistakes in the appointment of officials, and is responsible for setting up a court of knowledge and a court of governors. Dali Temple, which is responsible for judicial prisons, is the same as the Song system.
The third category is institutions related to economic and financial affairs. During the time of Jin Zhangzong, the household department was independent from Shangshu Province, renamed the three divisions, and became the highest financial and economic institutions. The Department of Persuading Farmers is the agency in charge of agriculture, and the chief is the Minister of Persuasion, which was changed to the Department of Agriculture when Emperor Xuanzong was proclaimed. The eunuch is the agency in charge of the state's financial and money valley. The Shaofu Supervisor is the institution in charge of handicraft production. The Metropolitan Water Superintendent is the agency in charge of water conservancy projects and other affairs. Each prison has a supervisor, a juvenile prison and other officials.
The fourth category is institutions related to ceremonies, indoctrination, and other matters. There are Taichang Temple, which is in charge of ceremonies, music, and sacrifices, Xuanhui Yuan, which is in charge of court meetings, banquets, palace etiquette, and supervising the production of imperial meals, and the National History Academy, which is in charge of compiling and repairing the history of the country, Guozijian who is in charge of schools, and the secretary who is in charge of books and books, and Hongwenyuan, which is in charge of proofreading and translating scriptures and history. Most of these institutions have the same officials as the Liao and Song dynasties.
The fifth category is the institutions that serve the emperor's family. The Dazong Zhengfu is the institution in charge of the affairs of the Wanyan royal family, and it is set up to judge the affairs of the Dazong Zhengfu and other officials, and it was changed to the Damu Family Mansion when Jin Zhangzong. The Guard Division is the institution in charge of the affairs of the Queen's Middle Palace, with a central guard lieutenant, a lieutenant, and a left and right attendant. The palace master's mansion is an official office specially set up for the crown prince, with three princes and three young princes, and there is a Zhan Shiyuan, which is headed by Zhan Shi and Shao Zhan Shi.
The Jin Dynasty was divided into four levels: road, prefecture, prefecture and county. There are 19 roads, which are divided into roads with the name of Beijing and general roads. The five capitals of Jinzhi: Zhongdu (now Beijing), Nanjing (now Kaifeng, Henan), Beijing (now Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia), Tokyo (now Liaoyang, Liaoning), and Xijing (now Datong, Shanxi). The Luzhi Left-behind Division, named after these Beijings, is in charge of government affairs along the way, and has officials such as left-behind, Tongzhi left-behind, and deputy left-behind. He also placed a judicial secretary in charge of judicial supervision all the way, and set up envoys and deputy envoys. The Governor's Office of the Soldiers and Horses, in charge of the soldiers and horses all the way, and the officials such as the Governor of the Metropolis and the Deputy Governor of the Metropolis. In general, there is only a governor's office, which is in charge of military administration along the way. The governance of the road is called the government, and the government has officials such as Yin, Tongzhi, and Shaoyin. The local government system of Jin is more complicated, with the Zhujing Left-behind Division staying behind and the head of the capital of the prefecture and the governor of the soldiers and horses of the road as the first level, the governor of the prefecture Yin and the capital as the second level, and the governor of the prefecture Yin Bu as the third level. The state is divided into a town state, a defense state, and a state of assassination, and is divided into section envoys, defense history, and assassination history as chiefs, who are in charge of the military and political affairs of a state. At the county level, there are orders, chiefs, chief registers, captains, etc. The towns, cities, forts, and fortresses similar to the counties are each set up with the town, the city, the fort, and the fortress, all of which are minor officials from the seventh grade. At the intersection of Guanjin Road, there is a patrol inspection, which is responsible for inspecting traitors and thieves.
Parallel to the state and county is also the Meng'an Mok system. Meng'an Mok is a kind of organization of military and political integration within the Jurchens. Before the founding of the Jin State, Meng'an was the title of the tribe and the head of the tribe, and the title of the head of the clan and the head of the clan. Adult males from various tribes give birth on weekdays and participate in wartime wars. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Jurchen army was led by Meng'an (thousand-commander) and Mouke (centurion) step by step. In the vast area south of Yanshan and north of Huailong, the Meng'an Mouke people practiced dictation and teaching land, conserved the land, cultivated without anything, and fought when there was something to do. Meng'an and Mouke were both military chieftains and administrators. After Xuanzong, Meng'an Mouke gradually collapsed.
At the beginning of the founding of the Jin People's Republic of China, the system of Bo Ji Lie was implemented. Bo Jilie is a Jurchen language, which means "to govern the people", according to the Manchurians, that is, the Qing Dynasty "Baylor" is a different translation, that is, official. Jin Taizu is the emperor with the capital (total) Bo Ji Lie, and Taizong is guarded by the Zhi version (noble) Bo Ji Lie. Secondly, there are the national theory (noble) Bo Jilie (equivalent to the prime minister) and the left and right national theory Bo Jilie (equivalent to the left and right ministers), etc., all of which are the most important officials of the government. The subordinate ministers are called Xiao Jin, and the one who commands several departments is called Hulu. Later, with the development of the jurisdiction, the official system of the Jin Dynasty also continued to change. After Jin Xizong ascended the throne, he abolished the Bojilie system and fully adopted the Liao and Song official systems. There are three divisions (Taishi, Taifu, Taibao), three dukes (Taiwei, Situ, Sikong), three provinces, six departments, Yushitai, Marshal's Mansion, Dazong Zhengfu, Hanlin Yuan, Taichang Temple, etc. It is worth noting that the three provinces are not separated, and the status of Menxia and Zhongshu provinces is lower than that of Shangshu Province, and the governor is also concurrently served by Shangshu Provincial officials. In fact, Shangshu Province was in power, and Zhongshu Province and Menxia Province were subordinate to Shangshu Province. It was not until the first year of King Zhenglong of Hailing (1156 AD) that the official system was reformed, and the official system of the Jin Dynasty was roughly fixed. The settings are as follows:
An important feature of the central government is that there are no three provinces, with Shangshu Province as the highest administrative body. Shangshu Province has established Shangshu Ling, which is the highest administrator; left and right prime ministers, Pingzhang political affairs (once abolished), equivalent to the prime minister; Left and right, participating in political affairs, equivalent to the deputy prime minister. However, Shangshuling's status was too high, and it gradually evolved into an honorary title, and it was Prime Minister Zuo who really led Shangshu Province. Shangshu Province is divided into left and right divisions, each with Langzhong, Wailang, and Du Shi, in charge of the affairs of the left and right divisions, and is divided into three departments of inspectors, households, and rites, and three departments of soldiers, criminals, and workers. The six ministers are Shangshu, and there are squires, langzhong, and outsiders. If there is a major change in the locality, Shangshu Province will send an agency to the local government, called Xingtai Shangshu Province, also referred to as Xing Province. In the second year of Tiande (1150 AD), it was once dismissed, but it was soon restored. Xingtai Shangshu Province has the same officials as Shangshu Province, but there is no order, and the level is also one level lower than that of Shangshu Province.
Other central agencies can be broadly divided into five categories.
The first category is military-related institutions. The Privy Council is the highest military body, and the prefect is the Privy Councillor, which consists of a deputy envoy, a signatory of the Privy Council, and a co-signatory of the Privy Council. The Privy Council is the commanding body of the army, and the Ministry of War is the management body of military and political affairs. In general, the Privy Council was controlled by the province of Shangshu. The armed guards are all in command of the division, responsible for guarding the capital, and the commander is the commander of the capital. The inspection department in front of the palace is responsible for guarding the palace, and the chief is the inspection in front of the palace. Ordnance Superintendent, in charge of repairing weapons, and the commander is Ordnance Superintendent.
The second category is institutions related to supervision, counseling, and justice. The Imperial Historical Observatory is the highest supervisory body, the chief is the Imperial Historian, and the deputy is the Imperial Historian. It consists of the imperial history, the imperial history of the scholar, the imperial history of the palace, and the supervision of the imperial history. Dengwen Inspection Yuan, first subordinate to the Imperial Historical Observatory, was responsible for reporting to the emperor the improper handling of Shangshu Province and the Imperial Historical Observatory. The Dengwen Drum Academy, at the beginning, was also subordinate to the Imperial Historical Observatory, and was responsible for reporting to the emperor the mishandling of the Imperial Historical Observatory and the Dengwen Procuratorate. The two courts shall each have a prefect and a co-governor. In the second year of Zhangzong Mingchang (1191 AD), the Dengwen Procuratorate and the Dengwen Drum Institute were separated from the Yushitai and became independent institutions. The Imperial Court is responsible for advising the emperor, and there are left and right doctors, left and right counsellors, left and right gleaning, and left and right supplements. The Court of Judges is responsible for refuting mistakes in the appointment of officials, and is responsible for setting up a court of knowledge and a court of governors. Dali Temple, which is responsible for judicial prisons, is the same as the Song system.
The third category is institutions related to economic and financial affairs. During the time of Jin Zhangzong, the household department was independent from Shangshu Province, renamed the three divisions, and became the highest financial and economic institutions. The Department of Persuading Farmers is the agency in charge of agriculture, and the chief is the Minister of Persuasion, which was changed to the Department of Agriculture when Emperor Xuanzong was proclaimed. The eunuch is the agency in charge of the state's financial and money valley. The Shaofu Supervisor is the institution in charge of handicraft production. The Metropolitan Water Superintendent is the agency in charge of water conservancy projects and other affairs. Each prison has a supervisor, a juvenile prison and other officials.
The fourth category is institutions related to ceremonies, indoctrination, and other matters. There are Taichang Temple, which is in charge of ceremonies, music, and sacrifices, Xuanhui Yuan, which is in charge of court meetings, banquets, palace etiquette, and supervising the production of imperial meals, and the National History Academy, which is in charge of compiling and repairing the history of the country, Guozijian who is in charge of schools, and the secretary who is in charge of books and books, and Hongwenyuan, which is in charge of proofreading and translating scriptures and history. Most of these institutions have the same officials as the Liao and Song dynasties.
The fifth category is the institutions that serve the emperor's family. The Dazong Zhengfu is the institution in charge of the affairs of the Wanyan royal family, and it is set up to judge the affairs of the Dazong Zhengfu and other officials, and it was changed to the Damu Family Mansion when Jin Zhangzong. The Guard Division is the institution in charge of the affairs of the Queen's Middle Palace, with a central guard lieutenant, a lieutenant, and a left and right attendant. The palace master's mansion is an official office specially set up for the crown prince, with three princes and three young princes, and there is a Zhan Shiyuan, which is headed by Zhan Shi and Shao Zhan Shi.
The Jin Dynasty was divided into four levels: road, prefecture, prefecture and county. There are 19 roads, which are divided into roads with the name of Beijing and general roads. The five capitals of Jinzhi: Zhongdu (now Beijing), Nanjing (now Kaifeng, Henan), Beijing (now Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia), Tokyo (now Liaoyang, Liaoning), and Xijing (now Datong, Shanxi). The Luzhi Left-behind Division, named after these Beijings, is in charge of government affairs along the way, and has officials such as left-behind, Tongzhi left-behind, and deputy left-behind. He also placed a judicial secretary in charge of judicial supervision all the way, and set up envoys and deputy envoys. The Governor's Office of the Soldiers and Horses, in charge of the soldiers and horses all the way, and the officials such as the Governor of the Metropolis and the Deputy Governor of the Metropolis. In general, there is only a governor's office, which is in charge of military administration along the way. The governance of the road is called the government, and the government has officials such as Yin, Tongzhi, and Shaoyin. The local government system of Jin is more complicated, with the Zhujing Left-behind Division staying behind and the head of the capital of the prefecture and the governor of the soldiers and horses of the road as the first level, the governor of the prefecture Yin and the capital as the second level, and the governor of the prefecture Yin Bu as the third level. The state is divided into a town state, a defense state, and a state of assassination, and is divided into section envoys, defense history, and assassination history as chiefs, who are in charge of the military and political affairs of a state. At the county level, there are orders, chiefs, chief registers, captains, etc. The towns, cities, forts, and fortresses similar to the counties are each set up with the town, the city, the fort, and the fortress, all of which are minor officials from the seventh grade. At the intersection of Guanjin Road, there is a patrol inspection, which is responsible for inspecting traitors and thieves.
Parallel to the state and county is also the Meng'an Mok system. Meng'an Mok is a kind of organization of military and political integration within the Jurchens. Before the founding of the Jin State, Meng'an was the title of the tribe and the head of the tribe, and the title of the head of the clan and the head of the clan. Adult males from various tribes give birth on weekdays and participate in wartime wars. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Jurchen army was led by Meng'an (thousand-commander) and Mouke (centurion) step by step. In the vast area south of Yanshan and north of Huailong, the Meng'an Mouke people practiced dictation and teaching land, conserved the land, cultivated without anything, and fought when there was something to do. Meng'an and Mouke were both military chieftains and administrators. After Xuanzong, Meng'an Mouke gradually collapsed.