Chapter 407: Constitutional Monarchy Xun Yu descended to the Han Emperor

In short, this ultimate plan is a constitutional monarchy!

Before the Qin and Han dynasties, China implemented a feudal system, that is, there were many kings of the Son of Heaven, and the kings of each place had all administrative and military powers. The consequence of the evolution of the feudal system was the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when the emperors were weakened and the kings competed with each other for hegemony. In the end, Qin Shi Huang ruled the world and completed the centralization of power, implementing the emperor's dictatorial county system. There are great flaws in the feudal system, and the main problem is that the kings in various places have too much power and are not constrained. The emperor's dictatorship also has a great flaw, that is, it is easy to fall into an unresolved cycle of one rule and one chaos. Because being an emperor is an irresistible temptation in every era and for every person with great ambitions.

And the constitutional monarchy, at the point of view of fraud, has a certain similarity with the feudal system, the same is the same Son of Heaven, and each state exercises its own sovereignty. With such a uniform, it was not difficult for the people of the Han Dynasty to understand. However, in essence, there is still an essential difference between a constitutional monarchy and a feudal system.

A constitutional monarchy is a de facto republic through the establishment of a constitution on the premise of retaining the monarchy. Constitutional monarchy can be divided into dual constitutional monarchy and parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The essence of the dual constitutional monarchy is still the dictatorship of the emperor, which cannot fundamentally limit the power of the emperor, and it is difficult to resist the coveting of the imperial throne by people with ulterior motives. A parliamentary constitutional monarchy can solve this problem to the greatest extent.

The specific manifestations are:

1. As the nominal head of state, the emperor only enjoys a respectful status and treatment, and only exercises ceremonial affairs such as sacrificing heaven and earth and foreign exchanges, and the parliament becomes the highest legislative organ of the country, and is the highest organ of state power, and is the veritable center of state power.

2. The parliament is elected by the voters and is responsible to the voters, and the parliament (the upper house and the lower house) has the power to legislate, organize and supervise the government, which in essence transfers the actual power of the state to the parliament, establishes the principle that the parliamentary power is higher than the royal power and the judicial power is independent of the royal power, thus laying the legal foundation of the constitutional monarchy.

3. The government (responsible cabinet) holds the executive power, is formed by the parliament, is responsible to the parliament, and is subject to the parliament's supervision.

Method of government formation: The Cabinet is formed by the majority leader of the lower house of parliament, and the majority leader of the lower house is the prime minister.

Relationship between the Head of State, the Parliament and the Government: The Government (Cabinet) is elected by the majority party in the parliamentary elections and is accountable to the Parliament. The Emperor had no power to repeal laws and could not interfere with the exercise of the powers conferred by law by the Parliament. The emperor has no right to intervene in the administration of the government (cabinet), and the government (cabinet) is not accountable to the emperor.

Head of state status and powers: The emperor has a virtual position and no real power.

Head of Government: Prime Minister.

Center of Power: Parliament.

The specific division of the separation of powers: legislative power - the lower house (parliament); Judicial power – the House of Lords (parliament); Executive power – Prime Minister and Cabinet.

Militarily it is authorized by the Parliament and the Prime Minister executes it on behalf of the Government.

The Han version of the constitutional monarchy was proposed by He Xian, and has been continuously revised and improved by Sima Hui, Zhu Jun, Guo Jia, Jia Xu, Xu Shu and Cheng Yu.

For example, Jiuqing's official position was retained. But Jiuqing was no longer in charge of national affairs, but was in charge of royal affairs as the emperor's internal official. Instead, there are six ministries of officials, households, rites, soldiers, criminals, and workers, who are in charge of various administrative affairs throughout the country, and the ministers of the six departments are called Shangshu, and there are three prime ministers above the six ministries, one prime minister, and one prime minister on the left and right. The three prime ministers plus the six Shangshu became the cabinet and the highest administrative authority in the Han Dynasty.

The prime minister needs to be elected by the parliament, and after the prime minister is established, he forms his own nine-member cabinet to be responsible for the administrative affairs of the Han Dynasty. All cabinet members must be members of the Parliament. In principle, each prefecture elects one person to serve as a representative.

In the states, too, there is its own parliament. The prefecture is elected by the general election of the prefecture, the county is elected by the county councillor, and the prefectural magistrate is elected by the universal suffrage of the people of the prefecture. Of course, according to the current education level of the Han Dynasty, the county order will basically be controlled by the local squire, but with the popularization of education and the improvement of the education level of the people, this political monopoly will be slowly dissolved. This is a long-term slow development process, and what He Xian wants to build is to ensure the existence of such a channel, so that people of insight in Dahan can participate in the management and development of Dahan through formal legal channels.

Judging from the current situation, the constitutional monarchy ensured that the Han throne would not be shaken, but in return, the royal family was equivalent to ceding power to the people. In other words, at this stage, it was ceded to the civil and military generals at all levels of the Nanyang Army headed by He Xian. For the generals of the family, such a power distribution plan is even more advantageous than He Xian as the emperor, and they have no reason to oppose it at all.

"I'll handle this matter!" Guo Jia took He Xian's words and said, "The emperor will definitely be unhappy, he will have a temper, if you directly collide with the emperor, the situation will not be reversed." And when I went to inform him, there was no such concern, and the emperor would think that this was a temptation for us to him, so that the fish would not die. ”

Guo Jia meant that he didn't want He Xian to tear his face directly with the emperor, after all, the world was undecided, and this plan was just a plan. The final implementation will definitely need to be settled before it can be carried out.

"That's it! Submit this plan first, so that the emperor can be mentally prepared, and let those conspiracy theorists know that their ultimate enemy is not me, but the beneficiary of the entire Great Han! ”

"In fact, they are also beneficiaries of this plan, and I hope they will recognize their position!" Guo Jia chuckled.

"By the way, how about Wen Ruo? Still refuse to serve our army? He Xian suddenly remembered Xun Yu who had returned from being captured in Chenliu.

Guo Jia shook his head with a wry smile and said, "If it is Gongda, it must have judged the situation." But Wen Ruo's temperament has been very stubborn since he was a child, and he refuses to look back on what he believes. He refused to serve our army, but he was willing to accept the position of one of the Nine Emperors and serve the emperor. ”

"If you serve the emperor, let him serve the emperor! It's better than being put under house arrest and being wasted! Everyone has their own ambitions, as long as he is happy! He Xian said with emotion, "This plan can just let him see it, so that he can also understand that our intentions are for the Han and the people of the world from beginning to end!" I believe that with his wisdom and under his interpretation, the emperor will be more receptive to this plan! For us, it's a help! ”

Guo Jia's eyes lit up and said, "The lord is wise!" In this way, Wen Ruo's wisdom can be regarded as making the best use of it! ”