Debate Goose Lake, Zhu Lu Zhengfeng

It's hard to reconcile and break up unhappily

Fan Zuliang knew that his father-in-law also went to Lead Mountain back then, and he was more clear about the debate on Goose Lake. He was very curious about what the situation was at that time, so he asked his father-in-law to introduce him at this opportunity.

Ye Zhengze recalled that it was not long after Chunxi met Chen in Zhaoshu Mountain in the second year. There are three major schools of Confucianism in the Chinese Dynasty, among which Zhu Xi's science and Lu Jiuyuan's psychology are somewhat opposed, and Lu Zuqian's Wu study takes the strengths of the two and develops.

Zhu Xi focuses on Taoism, first the book and then the appointment, through the general view of the exposition and the covenant of return, to understand the principles of heaven; Lu Jiuyuan advocates respecting virtue, inventing the original heart, first establishing its greatness, ignoring the accumulation of knowledge, in order to seek epiphany, and point directly to the hearts of the people. As a result, a dispute over the method of learning was formed. Zhu Yilu taught people to be too simple, and Lu Yizhu taught people to be fragmented, and they did not agree with each other. Two major schools of thought were formed.

Lu Zuqian is humble and tolerant, has a deep friendship with Zhu Zi, and is also the examiner of Lu Jiuyuan's entrance examination, and has a good relationship with Zhu Lu. I didn't want the two factions to blame each other and try to reconcile Zhu Lu's differences and become one, so I invited Zhu Xi, Lu Jiuyuan, Lu Jiuling and others to meet at the Ehu Temple in Shinshu to debate the methods of learning.

At the beginning of April, Lu Zuqian traveled from Jinhua, Zhejiang Province to Fujian, where he and Zhu Xi gathered at the Hanquan Monastery. The two studied the books of Zhou Dunyi, the Cheng brothers and Zhang Zai, and co-edited the book "Recent Reflections".

On 16 May, Zhu Xi and several disciples went to Goose Lake with Lu Zuqian. Arrived more than ten days later.

Previously, Lu Zuqian also invited Lu Jiuyuan and his brother Lu Jiuling to come to Goose Lake to meet Zhu Xi.

Goose Lake Mountain, called Hehu Mountain in the Han Dynasty; To the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there is a family surnamed Gong, raised a pair of white geese in the lotus lake, and hatched a hundred gooselings, and when the goose grows up and has full wings, the geese fly away without warning. Since then, Hehu Mountain has been renamed Goose Lake Mountain. The Goose Lake Temple is built next to the mountain and is located next to the official road of Fujian and Jiangxi. Although it is not big, the scenery is pleasant, quiet and elegant.

The main figures participating in the debate are all academic celebrities, with official positions, aged between 35 and 50, and their minds are all mature.

The debate was held in the big temple, presided over by Lu Zuqian, and more than 100 people, including Zhu Lu's disciples and some friends, friends from Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and Fujian scholars such as Liu Qingzhi, Zhu Qinqing, Zou Bin, and Zhan Yizhi, came one after another after hearing the news.

The contradictions between Zhu Lu's theoretical ideas are unfolded from ontology, epistemology, and methodology, and the focus is on whether to take the mind as the ontology of the universe.

Lu Jiuyuan believes that the mind and reason are one, the heart is the ontology of the universe, and the mind is the subject and the object.

Zhu Xi believes that the mind and reason are both closely related and different, reason is the ontology, the heart is the subject of cognition, that is, the matter is poor, through the accumulation of one thing today and one thing tomorrow, and finally achieve a sudden breakthrough and master the heavenly principle.

The central topic of the debate was "the law of teaching".

At the meeting, Zhu and Lu held their own views and gave poems and aspirations.

First of all, Lu Jiuyuan's brother Lu Jiuling recited his poem "Goose Lake Showing Comrades".

Children know love and know Qin, and the ancient saints say that they only have this heart.

There is probably a base to build a room, and there is no place to suddenly become a cen.

Affectionately pass on the plug, and focus on the subtlety of the land sinking.

Cherish friends and friends, and know that the joy lies in the present.

Lu Jiuyuan pointed out that from the time of childhood, people have a good heart. Everyone should invent their own heart, respect their own virtues, and establish that self-subjectivity is fundamental; If we ignore this foundation and focus on the teachings of the ancients, we will be overgrown with thorns and obstruct the right path: the deliberate pursuit of subtle reversals will not lead to good results.

Although both Zhu Xi and Lu opposed the Han and Tang dynasties and advocated righteousness, Zhu Xi expressed opposition to Lu's tendency to study mind.

So when Lu Jiuling only read the fourth sentence of this poem, Zhu Xi said to Lu Zuqian: Zishou (Lu Jiuling) has already boarded the ship of Zijing (Lu Jiuyuan).

Then, Zhu Xi debated with Lu Jiuling.

But Lu Jiuyuan interjected and said: "On the way, I got this poem with my brother." So Lu Jiuyuan read out the poems of himself and Lu Jiuling:

The ruins of the tomb mourn the temple Qin, and the people of Si have not been grinding their hearts for thousands of years.

The trickle accumulates to the water, and the fist stone is Chongcheng Taihuacen.

Yi Jian's work is long and long, and the career is up and down.

If you want to know the elevation from the bottom, you must first distinguish between the true and the false.

These two poems by the Lu brothers show the two basic contradictions between Zhu Xi's theory and Lu's psychology: Lu's master "heart is reason", emphasizing that my heart is eternal and indestructible, which contradicts Zhu Xi's idea of "nature is reason" and "reason is different". and the contradiction between the original intention of invention and the principle of exhaustion.

Here, Lu Jiuyuan uses poetry to express the difference between his views and Zhu Xi's thoughts: "Yi Jian's work lasts for a long time, and his career is full of ups and downs. ”

Starting from "the heart is reason", it is believed that the object is to recognize the original mind. Advocate "inventing the heart", the heart is clear then the truth of everything is naturally through, do not need to read more, do not have to be busy with the investigation of external things, to the cover of this heart, you can understand the reason, so respect for virtue, the heart is the most important, oppose to do more reading and poor work, thinking that reading is not the only way to become a sage.

Zhu Xi changed color when he heard the poem, and Lu called his invention the original intention, calling it easy and simple work, and praised Xinxue as a long and far-reaching one, and regarded Zhu Xue's poor theory as a fragmented career, but it was degraded to the ups and downs of the world. Such favoritism over the other, expressing dissatisfaction.

Zhu Xi said: To study things is to exhaust the reason of things, and to know is to push their knowledge to the extreme. He also believes that "the knowledge of things is only one thing", which are two aspects of understanding. The Tao is in the world, in fact, it originates from the nature of the mandate of heaven, and it is between the monarch and the minister, the father, son, brother, wife and friend, and its text is from the hands of the sage, and it is stored in the "Yi", "Book", "Poem", "Li", "Music", "Spring and Autumn", Confucius and Mencius. Gai Tianli Minyi, a natural thing, is where its Dalun Dafa is located, and it is inherently not based on words. However, the ancient sages wanted to know that the Tao was in the world, and the eternal time, when it was subtle and tortuous, it could not be autobiography unless it was entrusted to words.

In view of Lu's tendency to study without writing and focusing on the heart. Zhu Xi talked eloquently: Since the people of later generations in the world are not saints who are born to know, they must learn and know, and exhaust their reasoning through acquired learning, so that they can learn and practice to the end, and have gains. If you fall into Lu's simple work, eat and meditate all day long, and do nothing, it is impossible to know and gain. Since man cannot be born to know. Then you should improve yourself by reading books and seeking the Tao.

The meeting at Goose Lake was disputed by the two sides for three days, and the Lu brothers had a slight upper hand, but the final result was an unhappy breakup.