The following is a quote from HA25815 on the 35th floor:

The following is a quote from CDDY520 on the 26th floor:

For the sake of a small island, TG actually exchanged fire with the Soviet Union, and was scolded by GMD, who claimed to be the defender of the territory, as the godson of the Soviet Union! I don't understand..... Could it be that in the face of the invasion, the people who have to sit back and wait for the United States and the Soviet Union to intervene will act with the faces of the United States and the Soviet Union and sign to admit that the people in Outer Mongolia dare not to be godsons, but to be sons?

A !! of melon peel Do you first find out who lost Outer Mongolia?

By the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols were expelled from the Central Plains, but their strength was still there, and they kept fighting the border. Ming Chengzu Zhu Di moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, not only because he was the king of Yan and wanted to return to his hometown after seizing the throne, but also because he wanted to consolidate the northern frontier. Thanks to the gift of the Mongols, the Ming Dynasty rebuilt the Great Wall, and now there is something to see in Badaling, Beijing. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Mongols were divided, and some of the Mongols were allowed by the Ming government to live in harmony with the Han people in the north of the Great Wall, living nomadically, and this part of the history was "centripetal force" strong, and the other part was driven to the "bitter cold land of Mobei", and since then it has gradually begun to be divided into Inner and Outer Mongolia. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, first Nurhachi, then Huang Taiji, gradually conquered the Mongolian tribes, Huang Taiji destroyed the "Hou Yuan", got the "Yuan Chuan Jade Seal", and established the country accordingly. Since the Qing Dynasty, Inner and Outer Mongolia have been officially incorporated into the Chinese territory and are under the jurisdiction of the central government.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the country was weakened, foreign powers invaded, and those who seized our territory were still even more so in Tsarist Russia. Tsarist Russia has occupied a large area of territory north of Heilongjiang in the northeast and west of Xinjiang, and naturally it will not let go of this sparsely populated good place in the middle. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911 and the establishment of the Republic of China, the living Buddhas and princes of Outer Mongolia declared independence in 1912 with the instigation and support of Tsarist Russia. However, it is rarely recognized internationally, and the Chinese government, Sun Yat-sen and others have categorically rejected its independence. However, at that time, China's civil strife continued, and it was unable to look north, so it was delayed again and again. Mongolia became independent with the support of Tsarist Russia, which was not recognized by the Chinese government. Later, Tsarist Russia used the recognition of Yuan Shikai's government as a bait, and signed the "Sino-Russian Entente" and the "Sino-Russian-Mongolian Entente" in 1913 and 1915 successively. Subsequently, Outer Mongolia announced the abolition of independence. In the northwest of present-day Mongolia, there was still a large piece of territory belonging to China, that is, the place originally called Tangnu Ulianghai (now the Republic of Tuva in Russia). In 1914, Tsarist Russia sent troops to occupy this place and incorporated it into Russian territory. After the establishment of the Soviet Union, the Republic of Turkenki, with Kizil as its capital, became one of the republics of the Soviet Union for a short time, but was soon downgraded to an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.

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It is said that Outer Mongolia declared independence in 1912, but it has always been backed by Tsarist Russia, but in 1917, Tsarist Russia also underwent great changes, that is, the "October Revolution". At the beginning of the establishment of Soviet power, it was under attack. First, the Soviet Union was anxious to find support in the world to break out of its diplomatic dilemma, and second, the first leaders of Soviet power were idealists whose mission was to fight oppression. Soviet Russia made many friendly gestures toward China. This included the abolition of all unequal treaties between Tsarist Russia and China, the re-signing of treaties of friendship and mutual assistance, the return of all Russian concessions to China, the abolition of extraterritoriality, and so on. (Lenin wanted to return the Chinese territories that he had seized from Tsarist Russia in Northeast China and Xinjiang, but he gave up because it was too unrealistic.) But after all, it is a pity that the fat in hand is abandoned, and Russia is also quite powerful in Outer Mongolia. So there was a character Sukhbaatar in Outer Mongolia. It seems that he was an officer of a certain guard of the prince of Outer Mongolia, influenced by the October Revolution, convinced of revolutionary theory, and once went to Moscow to meet Lenin. In the early twenties, he led the socialist revolution in Outer Mongolia and became a hero of Mongolia, whose portrait can be seen on the Mongolian currency, the tugrik. Naturally, Mongolia has sat on the chair of "the second brother of the socialist country". A Soviet veteran of World War II once said to me: "During the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet Union did not have such a big brother as China, only a little brother of Mongolia. Before World War II, there were only two socialist "countries", so the Soviet Union took good care of Mongolia, including sending troops to station. China's response should be imaginable.

In 1921, under the leadership of Sukhbaatar, the revolution in Outer Mongolia was successful, and a constitutional monarchy was established, and in 1924, the constitutional monarchy was abolished and the Mongolian People's Republic was established. This Sukhbaatar, like Lenin, died shortly after the founding of the "state". Mongolia is suzerain, with the Soviet Union as its suzerain, and everything it does is learned. After Sukhbaatar, there was another figure similar to Stalin who engaged in a cult of personality - Choibalsan. The names of Sukhbaatar and Choibalsan are used to name cities, which can be found on a map. Later, after Choibalsan's death, he was scolded like Stalin.

In the twenties and thirties, there was civil strife in China, followed by the War of Resistance Against Japan. By 1945, as World War II drew to a close, the victorious Allies began to calculate the post-war international situation. As a result, the giants of Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union gathered in Yalta in Crimea to divide their spheres of influence. In the absence of China as the victorious power, the three countries made a division that undermined China's sovereignty, and in fact it was another Paris Peace Conference in which China was betrayed. The Soviet Union's propositions related to China included maintaining the status quo in Outer Mongolia, making China's Dalian an international port, and Lushun as a Soviet military port, and the Soviet Union enjoying special privileges on the South Manchurian Railway. The United States agreed to the demands of the Soviet Union, mainly because the Soviet Union promised to make concessions to the United States in Eurasia and other regions, and at the same time was ready to send troops to Manchuria to fight against Japan. One of the more important is that the Soviet Union is not prepared to intervene in the situation in China, so that Chiang Kai-shek, an ally of the United States, can sit firmly in the country, and American interests in Asia can continue to be safeguarded. At that time, the Soviet Union, the United States, and Chiang Kai-shek thought that there was no hope of victory in a possible civil war, and Stalin's treasure was basically pressed on Chiang. The Yalta Conference was less than 10 weeks before Roosevelt's death, and after Roosevelt returned to China, at a congressional hearing after Roosevelt's return, a congressman questioned Roosevelt on the grapevine about Roosevelt's betrayal of China in Yalta to bribe the Soviet Union. Roosevelt, who was considered by later generations to be a great man of a generation, should have been condemned by his conscience in this matter. Soon after, he fell ill and died "in disgrace". Such shameless things should not be done by allies calling for "democracy and freedom", so the news blockade is very strict. Even Truman didn't know the inside story until he became president. But there is no impermeable wall in the world, and Chiang Kai-shek also learned the news through various channels and expressed great dissatisfaction.

Chiang Kai-shek sent Chiang Ching-kuo to Moscow to interview Stalin. Chiang Ching-kuo said that China's war against Japan was originally good, but it was for the sake of a century of humiliation and recovering the lost territory, but now Taiwan has not yet been recovered, Japan has not surrendered, and if it loses Outer Mongolia first, the government will have no shame to see the people. Stalin pointed out why Russia has coveted Outer Mongolia since Tsarist Russia: Russia straddles Europe and Asia, and a major Siberian railway runs through the east and west, which is the lifeblood connecting the two ends. After the collapse of the former Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union, Russia both used the double-headed eagle as the national emblem, with one end looking east and the other looking west. The Mongolian border is just a few steps away from the main trunk of the Trans-Siberian Railway at the southern end of Lake Baikal, and if someone strikes from there, it is tantamount to splitting the double-headed eagle in half. Therefore, the Soviet Union must be in outer Mongolia and then quickly. At that time, the main enemy of the Soviet Union in Asia was Japan, which was on the verge of defeat. Chiang Ching-kuo said that the Chinese government intended to sign a treaty of friendship with the Soviet Union and to repair the good of eternity, and that China should not pose a threat to the Soviet Union. In fact, it is obvious that Stalin refused to make concessions here, first, he knew that Chiang Kai-shek and the United States were angry in one nostril, and the Soviet Union could not trust him; Second, China, as the most important power in Asia, cannot always bow down to the Soviet Union. Small Mongolia, with its lack of population, education and technology, was far easier to control than China, and its minerals were available to the Soviet Union. The establishment of such a buffer zone between China and the Soviet Union can be said to be a problem for the Soviet Union. The benefit provided by the USSR was that the "Soviet-Mongolian coalition" fought against Japan. And the Soviet Union's promise not to help in the future was exactly what Chiang Kai-shek could not ask for. Under multiple pressures from the United States and the Soviet Union, Chiang Kai-shek finally agreed to respect "national self-determination." Song Ziwen, who was also the foreign minister at the time, knew very well that once he signed this "Sino-Soviet Friendship Treaty," he might become China's sinner for the ages. So I made an excuse and resigned as the Minister of Foreign Affairs. And the unlucky Wang Shijie had no choice but to do so, so there were things such as a "referendum".

The United States originally made concessions to the Soviet Union at Yalta, with the intention of inducing the Soviet Union to fight against Japan in order to reduce American casualties, and for this purpose it did not hesitate to cede the interests of the Far East (Sakhalin Island, Kuril Islands, all of which were assigned to the Soviet Union. In fact, China, Japan, and the Soviet Union and the United States have always been controversial). But then the Truman atomic bomb was in hand, and I couldn't help but feel that it was not worth it, but it was too late to regret it. Once the Soviet Union sent troops, the United States had no choice but to abide by the secret treaty and exert pressure on the Chiang Kai-shek government. This can be regarded as Stalin's chess trick, using the United States to achieve his own goals. The Soviet army occupied the northeast, dismantled all the machines of the Japanese factories, and shipped them to the Soviet Union like crazy, even the pianos, sofas, and furniture in the homes of Japanese senior staff, and Chiang Kai-shek gritted his teeth in anger. He was worried that if he could not reach an agreement with Stalin, he would take advantage of the Soviet army to control the northeast, so he stepped up negotiations and did not care about bargaining. Wang Shijie and Molotov finally signed the Sino-Soviet Friendship Treaty on August 14, and Chiang was able to take over Northeast China. To save face, it was written in the treaty that the independence of Outer Mongolia must be subject to a referendum. In fact, it is also the same, and the results have long been conclusive. No, to the great surprise of both the United States and the Soviet Union, China defeated Chiang Kai-shek in just four years by winning more with less and stronger with the weak, and the division of interests between the United States and the Soviet Union was not as desired. Zhou Enlai told the Soviets that the victory was a windfall for the Soviet Union. Chiang Kai-shek was annoyed and angry, insisting that the Soviet Union did not abide by the "friendship treaty", secretly supporting it, and immediately after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he abandoned Chiang's "Republic of China government" and established diplomatic relations with Beijing. Chiang then declared the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship" null and void, including the provisions on the recognition of the independence of Outer Mongolia. Therefore, the map of Taiwan is grandiose and depicts Mongolia into China.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, what followed was a mess. The Kuomintang moved all its treasury to Taiwan, and China was really poor and white. As early as when he was in Yan'an, he repeatedly expressed his willingness to establish good relations with the United States, because Mao Zedong never wanted to be controlled by others. The losses caused by Stalin's blind command in his early years were enormous, and Stalin's ambitions were well understood. However, the United States made a wrong bet and was full of hatred for it, forming an encirclement of China from Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea, and Taiwan even sent warships to blockade the seas off the mainland (but the feng shui took turns, 30 years in Hedong and 30 years in Hexi), and planes went deep into the interior from time to time to harass them. Under these circumstances, Soviet aid became extremely important, and Sino-Soviet relations entered a "honeymoon" period, and most of the treaties signed by the Soviet Union with the Kuomintang were nullified. With regard to Outer Mongolia, a new statement was issued expressing its recognition of its independence. This is mainly because China's former central government has officially recognized its independence, and Mongolia has completed the process of independence in law and theory, and China has no excuses. Second, China has a request from the Soviet Union, and the defense of Outer Mongolia is almost the responsibility of the Soviet army, and if it is forced to take it back, it will not only be a loss, but it will not only be a contradiction with the Soviet Union. However, Mao Zedong took back the sovereignty of Dalian and Lushun, and also revoked the Soviet Union's privileges on the Manchuria Railway. After that, China and Mongolia established diplomatic relations. By the 90s, Mongolia had established diplomatic relations with more than 130 countries. Mongolia has been silent for decades in the form of the "sixteenth republic of the Soviet Union", and Sino-Mongolian relations are almost completely equivalent to Sino-Soviet relations. When Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, the Soviet Union stationed heavy troops on the Sino-Mongolian border, and when Sino-Soviet relations eased, the withdrawal of most of the Soviet troops from Mongolia also became a prerequisite for the full normalization of Sino-Soviet relations. What is Mongolia's voice? The slightest disturbance in the Soviet Union will affect Mongolia. After 1985, Gorbachev began his "new thinking", and the wind of reform also blew in Mongolia. I don't know much about the results, so I don't dare to judge them.

Outer Mongolia was less influenced by the Han Chinese, and with the influence of the Soviet Union for many years, it should be said that they were willing to become independent. Or rather, they have adapted to this life. Once, when a few of us Chinese students and a few Mongolian students were learning Russian in the same class, and I don't know who mentioned that we should "return" Outer Mongolia to China, a Mongolian girl actually cried on the spot, which made us very embarrassed. However, it is doubtful how much freedom the Mongols have received, and they have just chosen another backer. How loud is Mongolia's own voice in the international arena? They did get benefits: they escaped the war in China, enjoyed the help of the Soviet Union when China was poor, and the barracks and facilities left behind by the Soviet army after the retreat made a fortune from the Sino-Soviet confrontation. But in the long run, I don't think Mongolia is in a good position. Mongolia is a landlocked country with inaccessible transportation and a lack of population, and if it develops its economy and has to find a way out of its only two neighbors, it is tantamount to putting its own economic lifeline in the hands of someone else. That's why it's so easy to control in the first place. Compared with the Soviet Union, it is not difficult to see which is better or worse for China to develop into South Asia and West Asia and find an ice-free port in the south to connect with the world, and to develop north to the Arctic Ocean through the Soviet Union, or to find a port in the Far East in a circle around Siberia. Now that Russia's economy is in shambles, it has long been unable to take care of Mongolia, which has also tried to get rid of Soviet control after the reform and turned its attention to China. Statistics of the Republic of China: There are nearly 240 Mongolian flags, of which 108 are from Outer Mongolia. There are now more than 5 million ethnic Mongolians in the world: 2 million in Mongolia and more than 3.4 million in China. China and Mongolia have long been related.