In 227 BC, Jing Ke arrived in Xianyang, the capital of Qin, and first gave a generous gift to Meng Jia, a favorite minister of Yingzheng. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 Through him, he got a great gift from the King of Qin in court clothes and set up nine guests to receive him in Xianyang Palace.

On the same day, Jing Ke held the box with Fan Yu at the head level, and Qin Wuyang held the box with the map of Du Kang, walked up to the main hall step by step, and received the King of Qin. Suddenly, Qin Wuyang's face was shocked, and Jing Ke explained with a smile. Ying Zheng asked Jing Ke to put down Fan Yuzhi's head and present the map alone. Jing Ke went to the temple to present a picture...

Ying Zheng slowly opened the scroll of the map, but he didn't expect to see the dagger! Jing Ke grabbed Ying Zheng's sleeve with his left hand, grabbed Mrs. Xu's dagger with his right hand and stabbed him. Ying Zheng panicked and tore off his sleeves and fled. In the process of escaping, he tried to pull out the long sword, but because the sword was too long, he could not pull it out in the rapid running, so he had to escape around the temple pillar. The ministers of the Qin State below were all stunned by this scene! Only a waiter named Xia Wuhe threw the medicine bag in his hand towards Jing Ke, blocking Jing Ke. When the left and right shouted "Wang Negative Sword" at the last moment, Ying Zheng finally pulled out a long sword of nearly 1 meter! A sword cut off Jing Ke's left leg. Jing Ke had no choice but to resort to the last move: throw out the dagger and throw it at Yingzheng! But it didn't hit. Jing Ke looked up to the sky and sighed, "Just now I wanted to capture you alive and force you to make an oath never to invade Yan to repay the prince." I knew this was the case, I should have killed you directly just now" In the scolding, Jing Ke was divided by the guards of King Qin who rushed up.

Jing Ke's assassination of Qin greatly angered Ying Zheng, thus hastening the demise of the Yan Kingdom! Yingzheng immediately ordered Wang Jian to lead a large army to attack Yan. In the west of Yishui, the Great Broken Yan and the Coalition Army. In October, Wang Jian captured Jicheng, the capital of Yan. Yan Wangxi and Prince Dan fled to Liaodong. Li Xin led the Qin army in hot pursuit. Under the persuasion of Dai Wangjia, Yan Wangxi killed Prince Dan, apologized to Yingzheng and begged for mercy, wanting to protect the remnants of Liaodong. Of course, the head of Prince Dan did not save Yan Wangxi and his Liaodong from the final fate ...

In 226 BC, Wang Jian and Li Xin were recalled to the Qin state. The Qin army was led by Wang Ben, the son of Wang Qian, to attack Chu, and Wang Ben captured more than ten cities in Chu in a row. At this time, Ying Zheng asked Wang Jian and Li Xin, "If you are sent to destroy Chu, how many soldiers and horses do you need?" Wang Jian replied, "It must be 600,000 people", and Li Xin replied, "200,000 people are enough." Ying Zheng admired Li Xin's youth and bravery, so he said, "General Wang is old." He Ti also "ordered Li Xin to be the main general and Meng Wu to be the deputy general, and led 200,000 people to attack Chu." Wang Ben prepared to attack Wei.

Seeing that his opinion was not adopted, Wang Jian simply resigned on the grounds of 'old age and illness' and returned to his hometown of Pinyang.

This year, a rebellion broke out in the Korean homeland. The rebellion in Nanyang County, which was divided by Qin, Chu and Han, was particularly violent. This will seriously affect the logistical supply of the battles of Li Xin and Mengwu and Chu. Ying Zheng put Han Wang'an, the fallen monarch of Korea, to death, so that the old Korean nobles of Xinzheng would not use the slogan of reviving Han Wang'an. At the same time, he sent his own Xiangguo and Changping Jun of Chu to Yingdi, hoping to stabilize the local situation. Unexpectedly: this is a bigger mistake than sending Li Xin's 200,000 people to attack Chu!

In 225 BC, Wang Ben attacked Wei and broke the Yellow River to irrigate the Wei capital Liang. Three months later, the walls of the girder were completely destroyed. The king of Wei had no choice but to surrender, and the Wei state perished. The Wei royal family, Ningling Jun Wei Qi and his brother Wei Bao were demoted to family members.

In this year, Li Xin and Meng Wu defeated the Chu army at Pingyu, more than 200 kilometers northwest of Shouchun, the capital of Chu, and less than 150 kilometers away. Li Xin continued to attack Yan Ying. However, at this time, the news came: Changping Jun rebelled in Yingdi! Namyang County and the former Yeoncheon County of Korea are all independent! The rear of Li Xinqin's army was completely cut off! As a last resort, Li Xin returned to the west and joined forces with Meng Tian to reopen the rear. However, at this time, Xiang Yan, a famous general of Chu State, seized the opportunity, chased for three days and three nights, and attacked Changping Jun back and forth, defeated Li Xin, entered the two walls, and killed the seven captains.

When the news came, Yingzheng was furious. Immediately rushed to Pinyang, more than 70 kilometers northeast of Xianyang, to ask Wang Jian to lead the troops to fight again. Wang Jian still excused himself with old illness, and Yingzheng said, "The Chu army has gone west to kill the Qin State." As a Qin person, can the general abandon the widow and ignore it" Wang Jian said, "If the king is determined to use ministers, the ministers must be 600,000 people" Ying Zheng immediately said: No problem! So Wang Jian led an army of 600,000 to attack Chu again. Ying Zheng personally saw him off on the throne. Before leaving, Wang Jian asked the king of Qin to reward him with a large number of beautiful houses and fertile land. Wang Jian led his army all the way to Wuguan, during which time he sent envoys to reiterate his request to the King of Qin five times. Some people laughed at Wang Jian for asking for rewards again and again It was too much, Wang Jian replied, "The King of Qin is so suspicious, now that the troops of the whole country are handed over to me as commanders, I don't show that I have no two hearts, how can the King of Qin rest assured"

In 224 BC, Wang Jian captured Yingchen, the old capital of Chu, and went all the way south to Pingyu. Here, Chu supported Xiang Yan to establish Changping Jun, who was driven out by Wang Qian, as the king of Jing, and confronted Wang Qian. Wang Jian did not fight for a long time. The sharp energy of the Chu army was gradually exhausted, and they were ready to retreat. At this time, Wang Jian suddenly launched an offensive! Pursue the Chu army all the way to Qi, 220 kilometers east of Pingyu, where Xiang Yan and Wang Jian fought a decisive battle! The Chu army was defeated and Xiang Yan was killed (this year, Xiang Yan's grandson Xiang Yu was 9 years old) In the same year, Chang Wenjun, who became the prime minister of Qin together with Changping Jun and quelled the rebellion of Chang Yu, also died.

In 223 BC, Wang Jian and Meng Wu took advantage of the victory to capture the Chu capital Shouchun, and the king of Chu was captured. Changping-kun was killed. The state of Chu perished. In 222 BC, Wang Jian continued to lead the Qin army to pacify the homeland of the original Yue Kingdom, and the king of Baiyue surrendered and established Huiji County here. The other Yue people are scattered in Dongyue, Minyue, and even Nanyue in the south of the Five Mountains...

In the north this year, Wang Ben, the son of Wang Qian, also made great contributions! Led troops to sweep Liaodong and captured Yan Wangxi. He returned to attack Daidi and captured Dai Wangjia. The remnants of the two countries of Yan and Zhao have been completely eliminated!

At this time, there was only one last country left on the road to the unification of the Qin army: the former hegemon of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Eastern Emperor of the Warring States, but now the vulnerable Qi State.

King Jian of Qi has reigned for 43 years. In the early days, everything listened to the mother and the queen; In the later period, everything listened to the favored ministers and the prime minister of the country. These two people are a woman and a man, a virtuous and a foolish, but they have one thing in common: they will not help the Five Kingdoms to attack Qin. If you win, you have to add another one: don't repair the preparation for the attack... Such a country, why not die? Although Hou Sheng has taken the action of severing diplomatic relations with Qin and closing the western border of Qi, at this time when "the five kingdoms are shattered, Qi is inevitable", is there any practical significance for such measures?

In May, Yingzheng ordered: The world is drunk. During the Qin and Han dynasties, there was a ban on drinking in groups. This ban will be lifted whenever there is a major festive event, and the people of the world will gather to drink to congratulate. Undoubtedly, 'The Five Kingdoms Are Destroyed' is the greatest celebration!

In 221 BC, Chinese history has finally come to this year! With Wang Ben as the commander, Li Xin and Meng Tian, the third generation of the Mengjia Army and the son of Meng Wu, as the deputy generals, launched the last battle of the unification war! He did not attack the western boundary of the Qi State that had been on guard at this time, but made a detour through the destroyed Yan State, broke through from the northern border of the Qi State, and appeared outside the Linzi City of Qi! The whole country of Qi immediately collapsed in chaos. At this time, Ying Zheng sent a letter of persuasion, willing to exchange 500 miles of land for Qi Wangjian to surrender without a fight. Under the persuasion of Hou Sheng, Qi Wangjian surrendered, and the Qi State perished! But Ying Zheng did not keep his promise, and he moved Qi Wangjian to the Gong, less than 170 kilometers northwest of Xianyang, where Tian Jian was starved to death in the primeval jungle of the Gong.

So far, the 39-year-old Ying Zheng has finally completed the great cause of unifying China! BC221 has also become a watershed and milestone! It marks the end of the era of the division of princes and the beginning of a unified autocratic empire! Although this dynasty only existed for 15 years, it was the shortest-lived dynasty in Chinese history. But any book on ancient Chinese history will not lack records about the Qin Dynasty. People have long been accustomed to calling the period before this dynasty 'pre-Qin', and the name of this dynasty is a complete cut off Chinese history! This honor is unique in Chinese history! In addition, it is said that the English word for China is a transliteration of the character "Qin". And all of this is inseparable from this name - the first emperor in Chinese history, known as the 'Emperor of the Ages', Qin Shi Huang Yingzheng!

In the "Decree of the Emperor", Ying Zheng first reviewed the process and reasons for the unification of the six countries, and then clearly asked his subordinates to achieve two purposes: one is to "call success" that is, to publicize the great merits of the unification of China, and the other is to "pass on to future generations", that is, to express that the Great Qin Empire will be passed on for thousands of generations...

However, the ministers represented by Prime Minister Wang Xuan, Imperial Historian Feng Zai, and Imperial Captain Li Si did not fully understand the meaning of Yingzheng. Ying Zheng made it clear that they were asked to "discuss the emperor", that is, it had been determined that he wanted to be called the emperor, and all he wanted his ministers to discuss was what kind of 'emperor' they should call

But the result of the discussion among the ministers was: to give the Qin King Yingzheng the honorific title of "Emperor of Thailand", and suggested a set of special words: the order is "system", the order is "edict", and the self-proclaimed "I"

There is no word 'emperor' in the title of "Thai Emperor", and of course it cannot be accepted by Yingzheng. He decided to keep the word 'emperor' and put it before the word 'emperor', and synthesize it into a new term called "emperor". As for his subordinates' other suggestions, Ying Zheng accepted them all. and posthumously honored his father's son Chu as the emperor. and ordered: Abolish the law. Calling himself the 'First Emperor' and letting future generations pass on the names of 'II' and 'III' for eternity...

When Ying Zheng finally became Qin Shi Huang, his next consideration was how to make his empire right? Although he said so much in his last edict about how the Six Kingdoms should be destroyed, he was in fact annexing them by force. Those reasons are, in the end, excuses! Force alone cannot justify its results, but needs to be justified by a theory that goes beyond force!

Qin Shi Huang then chose the 'Five Virtues of the End of the Beginning' proposed by Zou Yan, the founder of the Yin and Yang Family and the State of Qi, claiming that the fire virtue of Zhou had declined, and he had obtained a new virtue to replace it - water virtue! The proof is Qin Wengong, who reigned 500 years ago, once went out hunting and hunted a black dragon in the water! In this way, Zhou Erxing of the Qin Dynasty was determined 500 years ago?

According to the Five Elements Doctrine, Qin Shi Huang comprehensively transformed his new empire with water virtues: the first month of the lunar calendar was the month of October; The color is still black; Numbers are in the 6 era; The most important thing about renaming the Yellow River "Deshui": because of the virtue of water, the Qin Dynasty gave special prominence to the 'rule of law', but the law of the Qin Shi Huang era was different from the law of the Shang Dynasty: although the laws of the Shang Dynasty were strict, everything had laws to follow. Qin Shi Huang's law is even harsher, and even turned into 'cruelty' and 'indiscriminate killing', which is the abuse of the law of severe punishment!

Qin Shi Huang took measures to cooperate with Shuide in order to consolidate the Great Qin Empire by 'combining the number of five virtues', but the 'emergency law' went the opposite. What's more: Qin Shi Huang also ignored the other aspect of the 'Five Virtues'. Of course, this theory has the effect of affirming imperial power. Because it declares that only those who have obtained virtue luck can become the son of heaven, and the acquisition of virtue luck is often the manifestation of heaven's will, which reduces the possibility of others coveting the throne. But this theory also explicitly denies the possibility of a family name enjoying the throne forever. Because virtue luck will be transferred. And once it is transferred, it is not something that can be retained by manpower. Therefore, while Qin Shi Huang used the theory of the end of the five virtues to argue the rationality of the establishment of the Qin Empire, he also denied his hope in the "Decree of the Emperor" that the imperial throne "the second and third generations will be passed on endlessly"!

Therefore, there is a profound contradiction between the first and second major measures of Qin Shi Huang. Reflected in his administration, it was his superstitious belief in water virtue that led to the rapid demise of the empire, thus effectively negating Qin Shi Huang's dream that the dynasty he established would last forever...

Next, Qin Shi Huang had to consider how to establish a complete administrative structure and a corresponding bureaucratic system to implement the emperor's own will and manage the empire that was unprecedentedly large. This set of official positions includes the central system of three princes and nine secretaries and the local county system.

The system of three princes and nine secretaries had been established before the unification of Qin. The three dukes were prime ministers, taiwei, and imperial historians (although the Qin Dynasty probably did not have a taiwei. Because under Yingzheng, it is impossible to have subordinates who have long held military power. The national lieutenant of the Qin State, there are only two people recorded in the current history books: Bai Qi and Wei Yi) Jiuqing is Fengchang, Lang Zhongling, Wei Wei, Tai Servant, Ting Wei, Dianke, Zongzheng, Zhisu Neishi, Shaofu (if you add a lieutenant, you will be a Shaofu, and you will be a general, it will be the Twelve Qing)

As for whether local officials should adopt the traditional feudal system of the Zhou Dynasty or the emerging county system, there was a debate among the ministers represented by the prime minister Wang Juan and the court lieutenant Li Si. In the end, Qin Shi Huang made a decision: agree with Li Si! It is divided into 36 counties and more than 1,000 counties.

The county has a county warden, a county lieutenant, and a county supervisor. The county has a county order (more than 10,000 households), a county magistrate (less than 10,000 households), a county magistrate, and a county lieutenant. In addition, the Qin Dynasty also had grassroots organizations below the county level. Roughly five families are neighbors, one hundred families are li, ten miles and one pavilion, and ten pavilions and one township. There are pavilion chiefs, three elders, ranks, sifu, you and other township officials.

After that, Qin Shi Huang collected the world's weapons and cast 12 bronze figures weighing thousands of stones. Moved 120,000 households from all over the world to the capital Xianyang, and built a large Xianyang palace. He also ordered that "the book is the same text, the car is the same track" to unify the text and weights and measures, and later unified the currency. These unifying measures greatly influenced and even shaped the course of Chinese history.