It must be said that this system of selecting political officers by paying taxes was welcomed by almost all the bourgeoisie in the entire Kingdom of France, and by the old aristocracy who had a lot of wealth!

This policy allowed them to remove more than ninety percent of the obstacles at once, and they could safely enter the French political arena. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

Naturally, the practice of electing a government based on money is absolutely unfair to the majority of the French people, and has been violently attacked by the democrats!

Robespierre was the first to stand up and proclaim to the whole nation through the power of public opinion at the disposal of the Jacobins: "There is no better way to be represented at all levels than by your Declaration of Human Rights, before which all privileges, distinctions and exceptions should be abolished." The Constitution states that sovereignty rests with the people, in every member of the people, and therefore each has the right to assist in the formulation of those laws that bind him, and to participate in the administration of public affairs, that is, his own affairs. Otherwise, the principle that everyone has equal rights and that everyone is a citizen will not be truly realized! ”

Robespierre's words did not change the decision of the French government, but they gave him great popularity among the people, and after that, the democratic press continued to burst into more heated comments.

In the newspaper Friends of the People, Marat pointed out that the electoral system would have harmful consequences for all segments of the people, and he called on the people to revolt, and if this continued, the representation system proportional to the direct tax amount would put France in the hands of the rich, and the poor who had been oppressed, controlled and enslaved could never improve their fortunes peacefully.

Here, the influence of money on the law is undoubtedly confirmed, but the law can only have authority if the people are willing to obey, and if the people have smashed the shackles of the nobility, then it will also smash the shackles of the broadmen!

In the press controlled by the democrats, the absurdity of this constitution was pointed out: if the election of a government is provided for in accordance with this constitution, then Jacques . If people like Rousseau, Corneille, and Marbury were still alive, they would not be eligible to be elected...... Don't you think it's ridiculous?!

As criticized by fellow democrats, the National Constituent Assembly, although it put the French power firmly in the hands of the capitalist class and the money aristocracy by this method, planted a deep thorn in the hearts of the people, especially the tens of millions of French peasants who were excluded from the citizen class, who felt that they had been deceived and that what had been preached in the Declaration of the Rights of Man had not been fulfilled at all!

The tenants and serfs who had no money to buy land still had to bear high land rents, and the difference between life and life was not much compared with the past, but the private soldiers of the nobles oppressed them, and now the regular French army in the clothes of the National Guard took care of them!

In the Kingdom of France, which was dominated by the Constitutional Monarchists, most of the country's army was transformed into a National Guard loyal to the bourgeois government, in order to distinguish it from the local armies that remained loyal to the king......

Local French civilians disparagingly called these National Guardsmen, who were not fighting for the interests of the French people at all, 'self-guards', and the French people refused to add the word national before their designation.

In the French government controlled by the Big Three, the king of the French is hereditary, but he is subordinate to the constitution and swears allegiance to it, King Louis XVI has the right to appoint ministers, but cannot appoint representatives to the parliament, the main executive branch of the Kingdom of France is the Senate, but the decrees of the Senate to implement policies come from the Legislative Assembly, that is, the National Constituent Assembly, which is more like the executive branch attached to the parliament.

The king could appoint high-ranking officials, ambassadors, generals, and other important positions, but the parliament could reject the 'irrational' appointment of King Louis XVI by an absolute majority vote, and King Louis XVI could not declare war or make a treaty without the consent of the parliament.

The central administration is divided into six ministries: internal affairs, justice, army, navy, foreign relations, and state taxation.

The Senate, which used to be directly accountable to the king, no longer exists, and the parliament has the power to sue the sitting ministers, and the highest legislative power in the Kingdom of France belongs to the National Legislative Assembly, whose members are no different from the National Constituent Assembly, except that one is for the constitution and the other for ordinary laws......

Outsiders often refer to it simply as the National Assembly, and it is through the legislative authority of the National Assembly that the constitutional bourgeois triumvirate controls the functioning of the French government.

Unlike the National Constituent Assembly, which is convened irregularly, the National Legislative Assembly, also known as the National Assembly, is permanent, inviolable and indissolvable!

It has the power to legislate initiatives; the power to supervise the affairs of the Minister; The Minister may be brought before the National High Court for prosecution of offences against national security and the Constitution.

The Legislative Assembly, with its Foreign Affairs Committee, controls foreign policy and can even vote on the quota of the National Guard.

Moreover, the Legislative Assembly is the supreme ruler in terms of finances, and King Louis XVI will not be able to meddle in the financial affairs of the Kingdom of France after receiving his part of the national 'allowance', and Lin Haoda can only take the taxes of the city of Paris for himself, which is also regarded as part of the funds for the military salary of the Legislature to the Paris legions and the reconstruction and restoration of the city of Paris.

The National Assembly, on the grounds of strengthening the economic taxation of commercial activities in the Kingdom of France, fully opened up the economic freedom of the Kingdom of France, and all local protection laws and even the 'customs' left over from the feudal era that hindered the circulation of economic activities were fundamentally abolished, and this measure in favor of the profits of the bourgeoisie was thoroughly implemented in the Kingdom of France!

Anyone or force that stands in the way of economic freedom becomes an enemy of the bourgeoisie!

This is something that even the most radical democrats dare not dispute, because total economic freedom is indeed beneficial to the economic development of the Kingdom of France.

After the establishment of the electoral system for the amount of taxes, the French National Assembly adopted a new territorial division of the entire Kingdom of France, and the old overlapping and chaotic divisions were replaced by a unified system: the provinces were divided into several counties; The county consists of a number of townships; There are a number of municipalities in the countryside.

The decree set the number of provinces in the country at 83, breaking the traditional framework of the old provinces and districts, and the whole country has a clear administrative unit.

In the municipalities, active citizens elect the General Council of the Municipalities for a two-year term, which is composed of local municipalities and local dignitaries. Municipal governments include municipal officials, mayors and municipal prosecutors, and larger municipalities also have deputy prosecutors, whose responsibility is to defend the interests of the municipal community, local municipalities have broad powers - to set the base and collection of taxes, to maintain order, to use the National Guard and to proclaim military law, and to have ordinary judicial powers for public order, and municipal organs are directly elected, which is more democratic than the provincial administrations elected at two levels.

The municipal framework at the grass-roots level was the template for the rest of the government throughout the Kingdom of France, with the provincial councils appointing eight members to form a permanent body, the Council of State, acting as executive agents of the provincial councils, and the provincial councils having a chief prosecutor to oversee the implementation of the law, who liaised directly with the ministers of the ministries and represented the general interest, but was in fact the secretary of the executive branch......

Thus, the Provincial Administration has the right to control the entire administration of the province and can mobilize the local National Guard for limited military operations through the Provincial Council, without any directly appointed representatives of the central authorities in the provinces!

Jia Xu saw at a glance the hidden dangers under the National Assembly's policy of using tax payments to elect local councils at various levels, and then electing provincial governments with full powers through parliaments.

Without the representatives directly appointed by the central government to participate in the affairs of the local provinces, the provinces became small republics in the hands of the big bourgeoisie and local dignitaries!

The administrative organization at the county level below the province is exactly the same as that of the province, and the county level is specifically responsible for the sale of state-owned property and the distribution of taxes in the municipalities and towns, while there is no special administrative organization at the township level.

In this way, a decentralization of power by the tax-paying electors replaced the centralization of the monarchy, in which the central power had no control over the local authorities in the hands of the bourgeoisie, and the king had the power to discontinue the local officials, but the local provincial councils had the power to reinstate them......

It can be said that this set of administrative institutions was completely carried out by the three giants under the kidnapping of the interests of the entire bourgeoisie, because this set allowed the rich local dignitaries of the old forces and the bourgeois bigwigs with strong capital to obtain a large number of local interests, completely dominate their own political interests, and won the recognition of the whole territory of the Kingdom of France.

Lin Haoda couldn't help but be overjoyed after learning that the French government had split the Kingdom of France into such a loose political model, because Lin Haoda himself was a vested interest, and the provincial council, provincial government department, provincial prosecutor and other positions in the city of Paris were completely decided by Lin Haoda alone, it can be said that he, like other provinces, has become a substantial 'local small country', and what makes Lin Haoda stronger than other provinces is that he has a strong army that is completely subordinate to his own orders!

After the establishment of administrative decentralization, the judicial department was also naturally divided into two levels, and the robed aristocrats who originally held the authority of the judges of the high courts completely lost their dominance over the local courts, because the local judicial organs can already handle the vast majority of judicial matters, and the so-called national high courts are more like a 'court' for hearing ministers and high-ranking officials.

After establishing the structure of the central government and the decentralization of local government, the National Assembly began to use the large amount of ecclesiastical estates confiscated into the name of the state to cover the financial deficit of the Kingdom of France.

Almost all the people in charge of the French government, including Lin Haoda, did not expect that it was this fiscal plan, which seemed to have been a huge success in the early stage, that became the fuse for the fall of the constitutional monarchy!