If it is the standard of the next life, everything that happens after zero o'clock belongs to the next day.

But the standards of the Ming Dynasty, Sun Yi was not sure.

So Sun Yi asked everyone:

"If the conjunction of the sun and moon occurs in the middle of the night, such as the time of the subnight, which day is considered the first day of the new month?"

Yang Ritian was the first to answer:

"The son is ugly, the rat is the head, the cow is the second, and the tiger is three and the rabbit is four. The child hour is the first hour of the day, so the next day is the first day of the new year. ”

Chief of Staff Sun Dingliao disagreed:

"Not true. As the saying goes, the plan of the year lies in the spring, and the plan of the day lies in the morning. The winter solstice festival is the sub-festival, the big and small cold festivals are the ugly festivals, the beginning of the spring festival is the Yin Festival, the spring equinox festival is the Mao Festival, and the first month begins in the beginning of the spring Yin Festival. According to this reasoning, the day should begin at the hour of the hour. So the day before is the first day of junior high school. ”

The two disagreed.

Sun Yi looked at Geng Xiucai and Jia Daoshi.

Geng Xiucai shook his head in embarrassment, admitting that he didn't know the answer.

Jia Daoshi proudly flicked the feather fan and deliberately said:

"One, two, three, four, sub, ugly, yin, mao, rat, cow, tiger and rabbit, each has yin and yang. One, two, three, four, odd numbers are yang, even numbers are yin; The ugly person can be seen by looking at the yin and yang of the zodiac. ”

"Cows, rabbits, sheep, chickens, and pigs belong to the yin, their hooves and claws are coupled, and the snakes are very yin, and they are not enough."

"The tiger, dragon, horse, and monkey dog belong to yang, and its hooves and claws are single, and the first two feet of the lone mouse belong to yin, with four claw toes, and the last two feet belong to yang and five claw toes."

Therefore, the front half of the rat's body is yin, and the back half of its body is yang; The first half is yesterday's night, and the second half is today's morning. If the conjunction of the sun and the moon is before the sub-positive, the current day is the first day of the new month, and if it is after the sub-positive, the next day is the first day of the new month. ”

Yang Ritian immediately asked: "Then what if the conjunction of the sun and the moon occurs in Zizheng?" How do you calculate it? ”

Jia Daoshi stopped his exaggerated movements: "It won't be so coincidental!" ”

Dahai relieved the siege for Jia Daoist and said: "There are clouds in the classics, and the ancient calendar divides the days, starting from the son and a half. The second day of the count. ”

Geng Xiucai hurriedly helped Dahai to sit down.

Dahai struggled and asked Sun Yi: "Your Majesty, the sun and moon are conjunct in April and May, but it happens in the middle of the night?" ”

Sun Yi replied, "This ...... Probably. ”

The mobile phone perpetual calendar shows that the conjunction occurred at 01:16:57 in the morning, and it is really hard to say when this is.

The perpetual calendar software uses Beijing time.

Later China spanned five time zones, from the 5th East Region to the 9th East Zone. During the Republic of China, according to international standards, the national time zone was divided into Kunlun time zone, Hui-Tibet time zone, Longshu time zone, Central Plains time zone, and Changbai time zone. After 50 years, it will be unified into Beijing time

Strictly speaking, Beijing time is the local time of 120 degrees east longitude in the East Eighth District, not the local time of Beijing, which is 116.46 degrees east longitude, and there is a time difference of about 14 minutes.

The calendar of the Ming Dynasty was based on the Nanjing time. That is to say, if Nanjing is small in April, then the whole country is small in April; If Nanjing is April big, then the whole country is April big.

The longitude of the Nanjing Purple Mountain Observatory is 118.83 degrees east longitude, which is 4 minutes and 40 seconds different from Beijing time at 120 degrees east longitude.

After Sun Yi's calculations, he believed that the conjunction of the sun and moon in April and May of Chongzhen's fifth year occurred at 1:12 a.m. local time in Nanjing, within the error range of plus or minus 30 minutes.

The reason why Sun Yi wants to add a margin of error of plus or minus 30 minutes is due to two considerations.

First, the time used in later generations was clock time, and the Ming Dynasty used sundial time to formulate the calendar.

Sundial time is the time obtained by measuring the angle of the sun, so it is also called true solar time.

Because the orbit of the earth is not a perfect circle but an ellipse, the speed of the earth is fast when it is close to the sun and slow when it is far away from the sun, and there is an angle of 23 and a half degrees between the earth's orbital plane and the earth's rotation plane, and the speed of the true solar time in one year is uneven.

Within a year, the error between the true solar time and the clock time is in a figure-8 cycle.

For example, on November 3, 2000 AD, the sundial was 16 minutes and 33 seconds ahead of the clock, and on February 12, the sundial was 14 minutes and 6 seconds behind the clock.

Since the perigee and apogee of the Earth's orbit drift year by year, the difference between true solar time and clock time also drifts every year.

Some "serious" numerologists in later generations had to solemnly convert clock time into true solar time with the help of data tables and formulas when telling fortunes.

Sun Yi didn't have these data tables, so he had to accept a margin of error, let's just assume that the maximum error was 16 minutes and 33 seconds.

Second, the perpetual calendar programs of later generations are based on the astrological signs of 2000 A.D., and the latest mathematical models of celestial movements in later generations are extrapolated.

Extrapolating from 2000 to 1632, there is a span of 368 years, is there any error?

Guo Shoujing's "Calendar of Hours" has been used for 350 years, and the accumulated error is more than nine minutes behind on the winter solstice day of the 24th year of Wanli, according to Xing Yunlu:

"Datong pushes this year's winter solstice at the second moment of Shenzheng, and the minister's test is at the second moment. Datong is more than nine minutes the day after tomorrow. ”

Sun Yi knew that this Xingyun Lu was a ruthless character in astronomical history. He erected a 60-foot-tall watch in Lanzhou, and measured the length of one year in the 36th year of Wanli to be 365.242190 days, which is only 2.3 seconds away from the modern theoretical calculation!

The Elder Punishment explained that the Great Unification of the Dynasty was more than nine minutes behind the Heavenly Statue, that is, more than 130 minutes, so Sun Yi must accept this data with an open mind.

Using the mathematical model of later generations to extrapolate the celestial phenomena before 368 years, the error must be much smaller than this 130 minutes.

But how small it is, no one dares to say. Were there any anomalous events during this period that led to errors in the mathematical models of later generations? For example, a meteorite hit the Earth in Siberia and changed the Earth's mode of operation slightly?

To be on the safe side, Sun Yi uses one-tenth of 130 minutes, i.e., 13 minutes, as the margin of error for mathematical model extrapolation.

Combining the two error ranges, Sun Yi concluded that the total error range was within plus or minus 30 minutes.

That is, the conjunction of the sun and moon in April and May of the fifth year of Chongzhen occurred at 1:12 a.m. local time in Nanjing, within the error range of plus or minus 30 minutes.

Even when the greatest error is taken into account, the conjunction of the sun and moon occurs the day after the sub-positive moment.

Therefore, the April and May in the five-year imperial calendar of Chongzhen are indeed miscalculated.

This conclusion also testifies to Xing Yunlu's assertion that the Great Unification Calendar is more than nine minutes behind the celestial phenomena: because the fifth year of Chongzhen's imperial calendar is April and May, then the data of the Qin Tianjian in the Ming Dynasty must be that the conjunction of the sun and the moon occurred before Zizheng, then the Unification Calendar is at least 1 hour and 12 minutes behind the actual celestial phenomena, plus or minus 30 minutes, that is, at least five minutes behind the celestial phenomena.

So Sun Yi officially announced to you:

"The conjunction of the sun and the moon in April and May in the fifth year of Chongzhen occurs at the first moment of the Wuxu day and the ugly day at the Nanjing moment, and it will not exceed a quarter of an hour before and after. The imperial calendar reverses the size of April and May. ”

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Resources

Chongzhen's fifth year, April, small May, big calendar day error

All the [reliable] modern perpetual calendars that the author has found show that May of the fifth year of Chongzhen is a small month, with only 29 days, and April is a big month with 30 days.

These perpetual calendars are the result of extrapolation based on modern astronomical data.

The National Library of China has six volumes of the Ming Dynasty calendar, which can be described as the most comprehensive and authoritative calendar of the Ming Dynasty. The price is 1350 yuan, and the author can't afford it. However, its catalogue shows that during the Chongzhen Dynasty, only six copies of the compilation survived for four years:

The third year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty (1630) is the year old Gengwu Datong calendar, three copies? The eighth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty (1635) is the year of the Yihai Great Unification Calendar, a book

The twelfth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty (1639) is the year of the Great Unification Calendar, a copy? The fourteenth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty (1641) is the year old Xin Si Datong Calendar, a book

Therefore, there is no direct material on what Chongzhen's five-year calendar is.

As the author said earlier, the record of Huang Taiji's expedition to the grassland in the "Manchu Old Files" starts from Shenyang on the first day of the fourth month of Huang Taiji until the third day of May, the first day of June, and the second day of June.

The records of this period include not only the record of May 30 "30 days, the second naturalized city", but also the record of April 30.

"Manchu Old Files":

On the 29th of April, he returned to Chahar from his childhood. to the Huisong Zhai stall local camp. In the morning of the same day, he ordered Bukhatab to lead one of the guards of each banner to meet Turushh and Laussa.

On the first day of the first month of May, he went forward to capture Turush and Raussa to come to the meeting. On the same day, he ordered the four ministers of Ashan, Turush, Rausa, and Ubai to keep the troops under their previous command, and to reinstate one of the guards of each Niulu to go to capture the survivors.

On that day, the army went to the Sutai River.

It can be seen that the content of the record of the two days of "Manchu Old Files" is continuous and clear, indicating that there is indeed no April 30 in Chongzhen's five-year calendar.

This shows that the calendar day of Chongzhen's five years is April and May.

Based on the evidence and calculations in the novel, it is wrong to know that Chongzhen's five-year calendar is wrong.

This is what I discovered in the process of writing this novel, and I consider myself the first person in history to point out the error of this calendar.

Reprints and quotations are welcome, but please indicate the source.

Sincerely

Big Jane

July 26, 2017