"Do you mean that when a republic develops to a certain extent, it will inevitably become a centralized rule?"

A few days later, Octavian approached Apis again, and the conversation was still focused on the political and economic areas that were of greatest interest to the boy. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 Although Apis didn't want to talk too much about politics, Octavian was interested in the topic and told Apis that he would never reveal the topics and content of their previous conversations. However, even so, Appis still has reservations, after all, he is still only a low-level cavalryman, although he is the captain of a reconnaissance team, but it is better for soldiers not to talk about politics, which is the most taboo place for Caesar. But Octavian was not easy to deal with. Appis was forced to speak to the young boy about his views on Roman politics.

"Yes, but I'm just my personal opinion."

Apis shrugged his shoulders and said that he should not ask any more questions, but the more Apis behaved like this, the more Octavian had to ask the bottom of the matter, because this young Roman soldier's point of view was too novel, and it was a very bold idea, and the key was a little bit profound and reasonable.

"Tell me, why do you have such a view?"

Octavian? Turinus is constantly asking questions, he is like a good learning leopard, using his sharp mind to capture all the information he wants.

"Put it that way, little master. In my opinion, the development of human society, whether it is Rome or other countries, to a certain extent, there will be a gap between the rich and the poor, and the rich will always be a minority, but they will control most of the social resources. And constantly squeezing civilians to get more surplus value. ”

"Wait, what's the residual value?"

The conversation between Apis and Octavian is often made possible by these trivial adjectives, because Octavian was a man of his time, and he did not understand what Apis meant by surplus value, the means of production.

"For example, a commoner who works every day can produce ten dinars, but he cannot produce it himself, because he has no tools, no places and no equipment, so he has to borrow the Roman nobles who have tools and places, and this forms an employment relationship, and the Roman nobles do not hire them for free, but use their tools of production in exchange for the value of the labor of the commoners, that is, when the commoners create the value of ten dinars, the nobles, or the contractors, give them only eight dinars, The remaining two dinars were taken by them and sent to their own pockets as profits. This is surplus value. ”

Apis thought Octavian's understanding of such concepts would take some time to understand and digest. But the clever boy understood it in the next second, and asked Appis to continue. And Appis just looked at the genius boy in front of him with a confused face, Yaya, labor and management burned a lot of brain cells when they learned this Marxist theory, and this handsome boy who was only thirteen years old understood it instantly.

"Go on."

Octavian was in high spirits.

"After being squeezed out of too much surplus value, the commoners began to resent the exploitation of them by the nobles when they found themselves toiling every day with only a small fraction of the profits and resources. At this time, social contradictions arise. ”

Apis took a sip of wine and continued—

"The commoners began to rebel, they needed their own interests, so at this time, the aristocratic forces represented by the Senate began to rise up to suppress, and they did not allow their interests to be infringed, so the two sides had a serious disagreement on this issue, and in the struggle between the commoners and the nobility, the position of tribune was born. Therefore, every major national event requires the representatives of the commoners and the nobles to sit down and discuss before they can be decided. ”

"Yes, that's the way Rome is."

Octavian added.

"This is the problem, a republic that on the surface everyone has a say, in reality it is nothing more than a concentrated expression of the competing interests of various classes."

"It's an interesting idea, but it seems to be so."

Octavian took a keen interest in the words of Apis, who had never been the first, and perhaps the last, had ever been able to dissect the roots of such a system in Rome before, or by the nobles, so thoroughly. Like Octavia, Octavian's interest in Apis began in Greek philosophy and his unique views on the Roman political system.

"When Rome was a small city-state, this system was perhaps quite reasonable, it balanced the relationship between the nobility and the commoners, and although there were strife, disagreements, and arguments, at least it did not cause social unrest, and did not force the plebeians into a nowhere to revolt against them. However, a few hundred years later, the Roman Republic has developed into a vast and populous giant country, and the contradictions began to shift from the country to the foreign countries, at this time, although the contradictions between the commoners and the nobility will still exist, but compared to the contradictions between the conquered regions and the Roman government, the domestic contradictions and disputes are nothing. At this time, there were often rebellions and anti-Roman struggles in the conquered areas. The system of the republic is that once there is a big event like war, all the representatives of the nobility and the commoners should be summoned to sit down and hold a meeting together to discuss whether to start a war and suppress it by force, or to sit down and use other means to solve rebellions or other problems. As a result, the enemy in front of him was already self-respecting, and the Roman Senate was still arguing, and the representatives of the plebeians and nobles expressed their opinions, thus missing the opportunity to fight. Perhaps this situation has happened in Rome itself before, but wars and rebellions have happened all around, and once the meeting is over, the army can arrive quickly, but now, Rome has developed into such a vast country, and there are wars every year, if there is a rebellion in those regions of Africa and Silesia, and the Roman legions arrive there, I am afraid that that region is already an independent kingdom, then all its previous conquests by Rome have become meaningless bloodshed and sacrifice. ”

Apis sat in front of Octavian and talked like a knowledgeable scholar, but combined with Apis's age and status, Octavian was surprised. Perhaps Apis was better suited to be a politician than an ordinary soldier or officer on the battlefield, as Octavian and Apis had come to after a series of conversations. At the same time, an innocent friendship arose between the two young men, even though Octavian was only thirteen years old at the time.